Dynamic Navigation in Dental Implantology: The Influence of Surgical Experience on Implant Placement Accuracy and Operating Time. An in Vitro Study

Aim: the aim of this in vitro study was to test whether the implant placement accuracy and the operating time can be influenced by the operator's experience. Materials and methods: sixteen models underwent a (Cone Beam Computer Tomography) CBCT and implant positioning was digitally planned on this. The models were randomly assigned to four operators with different levels of surgical experience. One hundred and twelve implant sites were drilled using a dynamic navigation system and operating times were measured. Based on postoperative CBCTs, dental implants were virtually inserted and superimposed over the planned ones. Two-dimensional and 3D deviations between planned and virtually inserted implants were measured at the entry point and at the apical point. Angular and vertical errors were also calculated. Results: considering coronal and apical 3D deviations, no statistically significant differences were found between the four operators (p = 0.27; p = 0.06). Some vectorial components of the deviation at the apical point and the angular errors of some operators differed from each other. Conclusions: within the limitations of this study, dynamic navigation can be considered a reliable technique both for experienced and novice clinicians

Intraoperative β-Detecting probe for radio-guided surgery in tumour resection

The development of the β− based radio-guided surgery aims to extend the technique to those tumours where surgery is the only possible treatment and the assessment of the resection would most profit from the low background around the lesion, as for brain tumours. Feasibility studies on meningioma and gliomas already estimated the potentiality of this new treatment. To validate the technique, a prototype of the intraoperative probe detecting β− decays and specific phantoms simulating tumour remnant patterns embedded in healthy tissue have been realized. The response of the probe in this simulated environment is tested with dedicated procedures. This document discusses the innovative aspects of the method, the status of the developed intraoperative β− detecting probe and the results of the preclinical tests

An Intraoperative β−\beta^- Detecting Probe For Radio-Guided Surgery in Tumour Resection

The development of the $\beta^-$ based radio-guided surgery aims to extend the technique to those tumours where surgery is the only possible treatment and the assessment of the resection would most profit from the low background around the lesion, as for brain tumours. Feasibility studies on meningioma, glioma, and neuroendocrine tumors already estimated the potentiality of this new treatment. To validate the technique, prototypes of the intraoperative probe required by the technique to detect $\beta^-$ radiation have been developed. This paper discusses the design details of the device and the tests performed in laboratory. In such tests particular care has to be taken to reproduce the surgical field conditions. The innovative technique to produce specific phantoms and the dedicated testing protocols is described in detail.Comment: 7 pages, 15 figure

First-principles calculation of x-ray dichroic spectra within the full-potential linearized augmented planewave method: An implementation into the Wien2k code

X-ray absorption and its dependence on the polarization of light is a powerful tool to investigate the orbital and spin moments of magnetic materials and their orientation relative to crystalline axes. Here, we present a program for the calculation of dichroic spectra from first principles. We have implemented the calculation of x-ray absorption spectra for left and right circularly polarized light into the Wien2k code. In this package, spin-density functional theory is applied in an all-electron scheme that allows to describe both core and valence electrons on the same footing. The matrix elements, which define the dependence of the photo absorption cross section on the polarization of light and on the sample magnetization, are computed within the dipole approximation. Results are presented for the L2,3 and M4,5 egdes of CeFe2 and compared to experiments

Towards a Radio-guided Surgery with β−\beta^{-} Decays: Uptake of a somatostatin analogue (DOTATOC) in Meningioma and High Grade Glioma

A novel radio guided surgery (RGS) technique for cerebral tumors using $\beta^{-}$ radiation is being developed. Checking the availability of a radio-tracer that can deliver a $\beta^{-}$ emitter to the tumor is a fundamental step in the deployment of such technique. This paper reports a study of the uptake of 90Y labeled (DOTATOC) in the meningioma and the high grade glioma (HGG) and a feasibility study of the RGS technique in these cases.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure

Quantitative evaluation of healthy epidermis by means of multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

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Counteracting gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel induced dysbiosis in KRAS wild type and KRASG12D mutated pancreatic cancer in vivo model

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a very low survival rate mainly due to late diagnosis and refractoriness to therapies. The latter also cause adverse effects negatively affecting the patients' quality of life, often requiring dose reduction or discontinuation of scheduled treatments, compromising the chances of cure. We explored the effects of a specific probiotic blend on PC mice xenografted with KRAS wild-type or KRASG12D mutated cell lines alone or together with gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel treatment to then assess tumor volume and clinical pathological variables. Beside a semi-quantitative histopathological evaluation of murine tumor and large intestine samples, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate collagen deposition, proliferation index Ki67, immunological microenvironment tumor-associated, DNA damage markers and also mucin production. Blood cellular and biochemical parameters and serum metabolomics were further analyzed. 16S sequencing was performed to analyze the composition of fecal microbiota. Gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel treatment impaired gut microbial profile in KRAS wild-type and KRASG12D mice. Counteracting gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel- induced dysbiosis through the administration of probiotics ameliorated chemotherapy side effects and decreased cancer-associated stromatogenesis. Milder intestinal damage and improved blood count were also observed upon probiotics treatment as well as a positive effect on fecal microbiota, yielding an increase in species richness and in short chain fatty acids producing- bacteria. Mice' serum metabolomic profiles revealed significant drops in many amino acids upon probiotics administration in KRAS wild-type mice while in animals transplanted with PANC-1 KRASG12D mutated all treated groups showed a sharp decline in serum levels of bile acids with respect to control mice. These results suggest that counteracting gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel-induced dysbiosis ameliorates chemotherapy side effects by restoring a favorable microbiota composition. Relieving adverse effects of the chemotherapy through microbiota manipulation could be a desirable strategy in order to improve pancreatic cancer patients' quality of life and to increase the chance of cure

Benefit-risk profile of cytoreductive drugs along with antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke in myeloproliferative neoplasms

We analyzed 597 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) who presented transient ischemic attacks (TIA, n = 270) or ischemic stroke (IS, n = 327). Treatment included aspirin, oral anticoagulants, and cytoreductive drugs. The composite incidence of recurrent TIA and IS, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and cardiovascular (CV) death was 4.21 and 19.2%, respectively at one and five years after the index event, an estimate unexpectedly lower than reported in the general population. Patients tended to replicate the first clinical manifestation (hazard ratio, HR: 2.41 and 4.41 for recurrent TIA and IS, respectively); additional factors for recurrent TIA were previous TIA (HR: 3.40) and microvascular disturbances (HR: 2.30); for recurrent IS arterial hypertension (HR: 4.24) and IS occurrence after MPN diagnosis (HR: 4.47). CV mortality was predicted by age over 60 years (HR: 3.98), an index IS (HR: 3.61), and the occurrence of index events after MPN diagnosis (HR: 2.62). Cytoreductive therapy was a strong protective factor (HR: 0.24). The rate of major bleeding was similar to the general population (0.90 per 100 patient-years). In conclusion, the long-term clinical outcome after TIA and IS in MPN appears even more favorable than in the general population, suggesting an advantageous benefit-risk profile of antithrombotic and cytoreductive treatment

Slow Magnetic Relaxation of Dy Adatoms with In-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy on a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas

We report on the magnetic properties of Dy atoms adsorbed on the (001) surface of SrTiO3. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals slow relaxation of the Dy magnetization on a time scale of about 800 s at 2.5 K, unusually associated with an easy-plane magnetic anisotropy. We attribute these properties to Dy atoms occupying hollow adsorption sites on the TiO2-terminated surface. Conversely, Ho atoms adsorbed on the same surface show paramagnetic behavior down to 2.5 K. With the help of atomic multiplet simulations and first-principles calculations, we establish that Dy populates also the top-O and bridge sites on the coexisting SrO-terminated surface. A simple magnetization relaxation model predicts these two sites to have an even longer magnetization lifetime than the hollow site. Moreover, the adsorption of Dy on the insulating SrTiO3 crystal leads, regardless of the surface termination, to the formation of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas of Ti 3dxy character, together with an antiferromagnetic Dy-Ti coupling. Our findings support the feasibility of tuning the magnetic properties of the rare-earth atoms by acting on the substrate electronic gas with electric fields.We acknowldege funding from the National Research Council (CNR) within the CNR/CAS Cooperative Programme project "Advanced characterization methods for the study of rare-earth single-ion magnets on oxide substrates", from the Czech Academy of Sciences (Mobility Plus Project No. CNR-19-03), and from the Swiss National Science Foundation (200020_176932 and 200021_175941). ICN2 was funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya and supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO (grant nos. SEV-2017-0706 and PID2019-107338RB-C65/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). IMDEA Nanociencia acknowledges support from the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, grant SEV-2016-0686).Peer reviewe

Slow magnetic relaxation of Dy adatoms with in-plane magnetic anisotropy on a two-dimensional electron gas

We report on the magnetic properties of Dy atoms adsorbed on the (001) surface of SrTiO3. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals slow relaxation of the Dy magnetization on a time scale of about 800 s at 2.5 K, unusually associated with an easy-plane magnetic anisotropy. We attribute these properties to Dy atoms occupying hollow adsorption sites on the TiO2-terminated surface. Conversely, Ho atoms adsorbed on the same surface show paramagnetic behavior down to 2.5 K. With the help of atomic multiplet simulations and first-principles calculations, we establish that Dy populates also the top-O and bridge sites on the coexisting SrO-terminated surface. A simple magnetization relaxation model predicts these two sites to have an even longer magnetization lifetime than the hollow site. Moreover, the adsorption of Dy on the insulating SrTiO3 crystal leads, regardless of the surface termination, to the formation of a spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas of Ti 3dxy character, together with an antiferromagnetic Dy-Ti coupling. Our findings support the feasibility of tuning the magnetic properties of the rare-earth atoms by acting on the substrate electronic gas with electric fields