Aplicación del cálculo por elementos finitos al diseño de faldones inferiores para estanquedad de hornos de solera móvil industriales

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.EPS). Enxeñaría mecánica. Curso 2015/201

Structural and haemodynamic evaluation of less invasive surfactant administration during nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in surfactant-deficient newborn piglets

The most recent approaches to the initial treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)- involve non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and less-invasive surfactant (SF) administration (LISA). Combining these techniques has been proven a useful treatment option for SF-defi- cient neonates. The objective of this study was to explore the impact on the brain (using cerebral near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) of different LISA methods during NIV, using nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for treating neonatal RDS. For this, we used five groups of spontaneously breathing newborn piglets (n = 6/group) with bronch- oalveolar lavage (BAL)-induced respiratory distress which received NIPPV only (controls), poractant-alfa using the INSURE-like method (bolus delivery) followed by NIPPV, or porac- tant-alfa using one of three LISA devices, 1) a nasogastric tube (NT), 2) a vascular catheter (VC) or 3) the LISAcath® catheter. We assessed pulmonary, hemodynamic and cerebral effects, and performed histological analysis of lung and brain tissue. Following BALs, the piglets developed severe RDS (pH70 mmHg, PaO2<70 mmHg, dynamic com- pliance<0.5 ml/cmH2O/kg at FiO2 = 1). Poractant-alfa administration using different LISA techniques during NIPPV was well tolerated and efficacious in newborn piglets. In our study, although all groups showed normal physiological ranges of total lung injury score and bio- chemical lung analysis, VC and LISAcath® catheters were associated with better values of lung compliance and lower values of lung damage than NIPPV, NT or INSURE-like meth- ods. Moreover, neither of the SF administration methods used (LISA or INSURE-like) had a significant impact on the histological neonatal brain injury score. Of note, the LISAcath® has been recently withdrawn from the market.Drs. Rey-Santano, Mielgo, and Gomez- Solaetxe’s institutions received funding from Chiesi Farmaceutici (Number 10391902) and the Carlos III Health Institute (PI18/00166) (co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund “A way to make Europe”) and GIU19/026 (University of the Basque Country Research Group). Fabrizio Salomone and Francesca Ricci disclose that they are Chiesi employees. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

BSA/ASN/Pol407 nanoparticles for acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment

During the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with asparaginase (ASN) there is an accumulation of ammonia in the body as result of asparagine hydrolysis. This accumulation known as hyperammonemia is one of the main side-effects of this therapy. To avoid hyperammonemia is urgent to develop new strategies for ammonia retention. Herein is presented the immobilization of ASN into bovine serum albumin/poloxamer 407 (BSA/Pol407) nanoparticles. The ability of the developed nanoparticles to hydrolyze asparagine while retaining the forming ammonia is also explored. Different percentages of ASN were entrapped into BSA nanoparticles coated with Poloxamer 407 and were prepared by high-pressure homogenization. The nanoparticles were characterized regarding their physico-chemical properties, stability, capacity to retain ammonia and safety using zebrafish embryos as an in vivo model of toxicity. The BSA/ASN25%/Pol407 nanoparticles were selected as the best formulation to hydrolyze asparagine using the lowest nanoparticle concentration. These nanoparticles presented physical characteristics suitable for an intravenous application and were capable to retain the forming ammonia decreasing the negative effect of free ASN on zebrafish survival. These nanoparticles could potentially be used to prevent hyperammonemia during ALL treatment with ASN.This study was supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000004) and Nanotechnology Based Functional Solutions (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000019) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. We also acknowledge the strategic programme UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and by the ERDF through the COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI). Marisa P. Sárria was supported by Marie Curie COFUND funding from the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement 600,375. Artur Ribeiro and Ana Tinoco thanks FCT for funding the scholarships with the references SFRH/BPD/98388/2013, SFRH/BD/ 114035/2015, respectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Criterios de Interpretación de la Edad en los Otolitos de la Sardina (Sardina pilchardus) Atlántica Europea

Este manual tiene como objetivo describir los métodos para la determinación de la edad anual de la sardina (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum, 1792). Las técnicas para la determinación de la edad en estructuras calcificadas de especies pelágicas y bentónicas (disección, preparación y métodos) en el área del ICES (aguas atlánticas europeas) se han descrito recientemente en un manual publicado tanto en inglés como en castellano (Villamor et al., 2015; 2016). Este nuevo manual que presentamos aquí se centra solo, pero en mayor profundidad, en los criterios utilizados y estandarizados a nivel europeo para la interpretación de los anillos de crecimiento anual en los otolitos (lectura de otolitos) de la sardina Atlántica Europea. Este manual tiene como finalidad servir de referencia para los lectores de edad de la sardina en los laboratorios del IEO y pretende también ser una guía para el entrenamiento de los nuevos participantes (lectores) en la determinación de la edad en los otolitos de sardina, para suplementar y complementar el entrenamiento que reciben del lector experto asignado para entrenarlos. También pretende ser una guía dinámica, que pueda cambiar a medida que sean introducidos nuevos criterios de interpretación tras ser evaluados y adoptados a nivel europeo. Este manual se basa en los últimos intercambios, talleres y publicaciones sobre la determinación de la edad de la sardina (ICES, 2005; 2011). También se hace referencia a la biología de la especie ya que es fundamental tener conocimiento de ella para poder interpretar los otolitos con mayor precisión

Four spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) weight-length and weight-weight relationships in northern Iberian waters (stock 8.c, 9.a)

Total weight-length, gutted weight-length and total weight-gutted weight relationships were fitted for the Iberian Atlantic stock of four spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) and their temporal variations were analyzed. The large sample size, size range and timeseries available allowed obtaining robust somatic parameters of combined sexes for the total weight-length relationships (a=0.0043, b=3.2008), for the gutted weight-length relationships (a=0.0055, b=3.1139), and the weight conversion factors (1.062). They are considered to best fit the current biometric relationships and most appropriate to be used in the stock assessment of the status of the stock and they contribute to a deeper knowledge of the life history traits of this species

Criterios de Interpretación de la Edad en los Otolitos de la Sardina Atlántica Europea (Sardina pilchardus) (versión 2)

Este manual tiene como objetivo describir los métodos para la determinación de la edad anual de la sardina (Sardina pilchardus), centrándose en los criterios utilizados y estandarizados a nivel europeo para la interpretación de los anillos de crecimiento anual en los otolitos de la sardina atlántica europea. Este manual tiene como finalidad servir de referencia para los lectores de edad de la sardina en los laboratorios del IEO y se basa en los últimos intercambios, talleres y publicaciones sobre la determinación de la edad de la sardina (ICES 2005, 2011, 2019)

Age determination procedures on small and medium pelagic species in Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO)

This handbook presents a summary of the age estimation procedures used in Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) for some of the main commercial small and medium pelagic species of the Spanish fleet: anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), sardine (Sardina pichardus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus), chuck mackerel (Scomber colias), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). It provides information about the sampling program, otolith extraction and preparation, and the age estimation criteria. A summary of the information related to the age accuracy, validation and corroboration of each species is also presented, as well as that related to the age precision, quality control and verification

Importance of Timely Treatment Initiation in Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease, a Single-Centre Experience

Abstract Classic infantile Pompe disease (IPD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and profound muscle weakness. Without treatment, death occurs within the first 2 years of life. Although enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alfa has improved survival, treatment outcome is not good in many cases and is largely dependent on age at initiation. The objective of the study was (a) to analyse the different stages in the diagnosis and specific treatment initiation procedure in IPD patients, and (b) to compare clinical and biochemical outcomes depending on age at ERT initiation (<1 month of age vs. <3 months of age). Here, we show satisfactory clinical and biochemical outcomes in two IPD patients after early treatment initiation before 3 months of life with immunomodulatory therapy in the ERT-naïve setting, with a high ERT dose from the beginning. Despite the overall good evolution, the patient who initiated treatment <1 month of life presented even better outcomes than the patient who started treatment <3 months of life, with an earlier normalization of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, along with CK normalization, highlighting the importance of early treatment initiation in this progressive disease before irreversible muscle damage has occurred.This work was partially funded by the Basque Department of Education (IT1281-19)

Predicting Clinical Outcome with Phenotypic Clusters in COVID-19 Pneumonia: An Analysis of 12,066 Hospitalized Patients from the Spanish Registry SEMI-COVID-19

(1) Background: Different clinical presentations in COVID-19 are described to date, from mild to severe cases. This study aims to identify different clinical phenotypes in COVID-19 pneumonia using cluster analysis and to assess the prognostic impact among identified clusters in such patients. (2) Methods: Cluster analysis including 11 phenotypic variables was performed in a large cohort of 12,066 COVID-19 patients, collected and followed-up from 1 March to 31 July 2020, from the nationwide Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI)-COVID-19 Registry. (3) Results: Of the total of 12,066 patients included in the study, most were males (7052, 58.5%) and Caucasian (10,635, 89.5%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 67 years (standard deviation (SD) 16). The main pre-admission comorbidities were arterial hypertension (6030, 50%), hyperlipidemia (4741, 39.4%) and diabetes mellitus (2309, 19.2%). The average number of days from COVID-19 symptom onset to hospital admission was 6.7 (SD 7). The triad of fever, cough, and dyspnea was present almost uniformly in all 4 clinical phenotypes identified by clustering. Cluster C1 (8737 patients, 72.4%) was the largest, and comprised patients with the triad alone. Cluster C2 (1196 patients, 9.9%) also presented with ageusia and anosmia; cluster C3 (880 patients, 7.3%) also had arthromyalgia, headache, and sore throat; and cluster C4 (1253 patients, 10.4%) also manifested with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Compared to each other, cluster C1 presented the highest in-hospital mortality (24.1% vs. 4.3% vs. 14.7% vs. 18.6%; p 20 bpm, lower PaO2/FiO2 at admission, higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the phenotypic cluster as independent factors for in-hospital death. (4) Conclusions: The present study identified 4 phenotypic clusters in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, which predicted the in-hospital prognosis of clinical outcomes

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries