Dilation and driving the legal ramifications for optometrist\u27s

The legal ramifications of driving while dilated continue to provide a source of concern and controversy for the optometric profession. Although no legal action has been brought regarding this issue at this time, it is a Iikely possibility for the future. If an optometrist wishes to protect against this possibility they should warn the patient of likely visual impairment during dilation and that this may affect their ability to drive. This warning should be documented in the record

Bio-psycho-social-spiritual needs of adolescents and young adults with life-threatening illnesses: Implications for social work practice

This paper explores the biopsychosocial and spiritual needs of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with life-threatening or terminal illnesses. AYA are situated between childhood and adulthood (ages 15–25) and have distinct biopsychosocial and spiritual needs unique to their developmental stage. Having a life-threatening or terminal illness directly challenges normal AYA developmental tasks and identity formation. AYA experience more troubling physical symptoms during the dying process compared to other age groups, which leads to significant psychological distress and an increased need for pharmacological treatments. In general, AYA desire to be fully informed and involved in the health care decision-making process, leading to ethical dilemmas when the AYA is a minor and their wishes differ from the wishes of their legal guardian(s). Social workers are especially well-equipped to serve this population due to aligning professional standards and ability to advocate for holistic care within interdisciplinary teams. Additional research is needed to tailor holistic interventions to meet the needs of this population

Caledonian foreland basin sedimentation : A new depositional model for the Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Midland Valley Basin, Scotland

Open Access via Wiley publishing agreement. We thank Stuart Archer, Brian Hampton and the anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful and constructive reviews of this manuscript, which has benefited greatly from their attention. We also thank the Associate Editors at Basin Research for their time, advice and suggestions during the submission process. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Considering river structure and stability in the light of evolution: Feedbacks between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphology

River ecological functioning can be conceptualized according to a four-dimensional framework, based on the responses of aquatic and riparian communities to hydrogeomorphic constraints along the longitudinal, transverse, vertical and temporal dimensions of rivers. Contemporary riparian vegetation responds to river dynamics at ecological timescales, but riparian vegetation, in one form or another, has existed on Earth since at least the Middle Ordovician (c. 450 Ma) and has been a significant controlling factor on river geomorphology since the late Silurian (c. 420 Ma). On such evolutionary timescales, plant adaptations to the fluvial environment and the subsequent effects of these adaptations on aspects of fluvial sediment and landform dynamics resulted in the emergence, from the Silurian to the Carboniferous, of a variety of contrasted fluvial biogeomorphic types where water flow, morphodynamics and vegetation interacted to different degrees. Here we identify several of these types and describe the consequences for biogeomorphic structure and stability (i.e. resistance and resilience), along the four river dimensions, of feedbacks between riparian plants and hydrogeomorphic processes on contrasting ecological and evolutionary timescales.This is the author's accepted manuscript and will be under embargo until the 18th of September 2015. The final version is available from Wiley at onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/esp.3643/abstrac