The influence of the spin crossover on the crystal structure of the [Fe3(hyetrz)6(H2O)6](CF3SO3)6 complex compound.

[Fe3(hyetrz)6(H2O)6](CF3SO3)6 (where hyetrz = 4-(2’-hydroxyethyl)-1,2,4-triazole) is an interesting linear, trinuclear iron(II) compound with incomplete spin crossover. We reinvestigated crystal structure of this compound in the wide temperature range because the knowledge only about the crystal structure in the initial and final phases is not sufficient to establish correlations between the structural and magnetic properties of the spin crossover system. The complex [Zn3(hyetrz)6(H2O)6](CF3SO3)6 was used for comparison because it does not exhibit spin crossover phenomenon and it is isostructural with a high spin phase of Fe(II)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) root colonization dynamics of Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench. in grasslands and post-industrial sites

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Elsevier in Ecological Engineering on 05/08/2016, available online: https://doi-org.ezproxy.wlv.ac.uk/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.029 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.The aims of this studies were: (i) to examine the influence of heavy metal content (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu) and other physico-chemical soil parameters on the level of root colonization of Molinia caerulea and (ii) to relate root colonisation parameters and soil variables to Molinia caerulea abundance in two contrasting habitats (grasslands and heavy metal contaminated sites). The sites differ significantly in terms of bio-available heavy metal contents, particularly Zn (34 times more than grasslands), soil texture, CaCO3, organic matter (LOI%), Mg and nitrate content. Principal Component Analysis showed the strong negative correlations between frequency of mycorrhization (F), arbuscular abundance (A%) and intensity of root cortex colonisation (M%) and concentration of bio-available Zn and Cd. Moreover, no positive correlation between root colonization of Molinia and its abundance was found. The frequency of mycorrhization of root fragments (F%) was only slightly different between these two habitats, whereas the intensity of root cortex colonisation (M%) and relative arbuscular abundance (A%) were significantly lower (3 and 4 times respectively) on the post-industrial sites. The bioavailable Zn content in the substratum of post-industrial sites was strongly negatively correlated with species richness, Shannon diversity index and Evenness. In contrast, these relationships were not statistically significant in grasslands. Based on obtained results we could draw a model of possible relationships between root colonization of Molinia, HM content and Molinia abundance on grasslands and post-industrial sites. Bioavailable Zn content in the soil is a one of main factors influencing the Molinia community diversity. In the grasslands, lower amounts of bioavailable Zn, resulted in higher species richness (R) and species diversity (H) which in turn lead to higher root colonization. On the other hand, on the post-industrial sites, the elevated bioavailable Zn content strongly decreases the plant species richness (R) and species diversity (H) and this caused the decline in root colonization parameters. The low species richness on Zn-polluted sites allowed Molinia to reach higher abundance since the competition with other species is reduced

Znaczenie przyjaźni między kobietami w wybranych powieściach dziewiętnastego wieku

Praca zatytułowana ,,The Importance of Female Friendships in Selected 19th Century Novels” (,,Znaczenie przyjaźni między kobietami w wybranych powieściach dziewiętnastego wieku”), zawiera analizę przyjaźni, które zawiązują się między bohaterkami dwóch wybranych powieści Jane Austen: ,,Emma”, ,,Duma i uprzedzenie” oraz powieści Elizabeth Gaskell ,,Panie z Cranford”. Na początku omówiony zostaje wątek przemiany tytułowej Emmy, która zmienia się na lepsze pod wpływem swojej guwernantki oraz nowej przyjaciółki z niższych sfer. Drugi rozdział pracy skupia się na dwóch przyjaźniach w życiu Elizabeth Bennet. Jedna, bazująca na siostrzanej miłości, zacieśnia się w miarę tego, jak bohaterki przechodzą razem przez trudne sytuacje, druga, zawiązana z Charlotte Lucas, kończy się wskutek diametralnych różnic o podłożu światopoglądowym. W rozdziale końcowym przedstawiony zostaje temat przyjaźni między starszymi kobietami z miasteczka Cranford. Panie te dają przykład wychodzenia poza bariery społeczne dla dobra wspólnoty i gotowości udzielenia wzajemnej pomocy w każdej sytuacji. Praca została napisana w oparciu o materiały źródłowe z literatury angielskiej XIX wieku i opinie krytyków literackich dostępnych w zasobach cyfrowych Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej.In this bachelor thesis, titled The Importance of Female Friendships in Selected 19th Century Novels, the objective is to assess the role of relationships between heroines in two novels by Jane Austen: Emma, Pride and Prejudice as well as Cranford by Elizabeth Gaskell. The first chapter is devoted to Emma and her character change observed throughout the story. Relationships with her former governess and a new friend from the lower class have a major impact on the heroine’s behaviour and thinking. After that, in the second chapter, the focus will shift to two friendships in Elizabeth Bennet’s life: One formed from the sisterhood, which strengthens as the characters overcome difficulties, and the other with Charlotte Lucas, which apparently ends due to fundamental ideological differences. Lastly, the theme of friendship will be presented based on the relationships between the older women in Cranford, who inspire one another and the reader to see beyond social class barriers for the sake of companionship and to provide mutual support regardless of circumstances. The analysis was written using the following sources: selected 19th-century English literary works as well as literary criticism, i.e. articles and journals accessed via the digital assets of the Jagiellonian Library

N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,4-dicarboxamide

The molecule of the title compound, C12H16N2O4, is centrosymmetric and the amide group is twisted relative to the benzene ring by 14.40 (13)°. The molecules are hydrogen bonded into a three-dimensional framework, with the hydroxy O atoms acting as acceptors in N—H...O hydrogen bonds and as donors in O—H...O=C interactions

Telomerase Is Essential for Zebrafish Heart Regeneration

After myocardial infarction in humans, lost cardiomyocytes are replaced by an irreversible fibrotic scar. In contrast, zebrafish hearts efficiently regenerate after injury. Complete regeneration of the zebrafish heart is driven by the strong proliferation response of its cardiomyocytes to injury. Here we show that, after cardiac injury in zebrafish, telomerase becomes hyperactivated, and telomeres elongate transiently, preceding a peak of cardiomyocyte proliferation and full organ recovery. Using a telomerase-mutant zebrafish model, we found that telomerase loss drastically decreases cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrotic tissue regression after cryoinjury and that cardiac function does not recover. The impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation response is accompanied by the absence of cardiomyocytes with long telomeres and an increased proportion of cardiomyocytes showing DNA damage and senescence characteristics. These findings demonstrate the importance of telomerase function in heart regeneration and highlight the potential of telomerase therapy as a means of stimulating cell proliferation upon myocardial infarction.Unión Europea. FP7Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Spain)Depto. de Biología CelularFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu

Telomerase Is Essential for Zebrafish Heart Regeneration.

After myocardial infarction in humans, lost cardiomyocytes are replaced by an irreversible fibrotic scar. In contrast, zebrafish hearts efficiently regenerate after injury. Complete regeneration of the zebrafish heart is driven by the strong proliferation response of its cardiomyocytes to injury. Here we show that, after cardiac injury in zebrafish, telomerase becomes hyperactivated, and telomeres elongate transiently, preceding a peak of cardiomyocyte proliferation and full organ recovery. Using a telomerase-mutant zebrafish model, we found that telomerase loss drastically decreases cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrotic tissue regression after cryoinjury and that cardiac function does not recover. The impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation response is accompanied by the absence of cardiomyocytes with long telomeres and an increased proportion of cardiomyocytes showing DNA damage and senescence characteristics. These findings demonstrate the importance of telomerase function in heart regeneration and highlight the potential of telomerase therapy as a means of stimulating cell proliferation upon myocardial infarction