994 research outputs found
Proposal of a New Rating Concept for Digital Health Applications in Orthopedics and Traumatology
BACKGROUND
Health-related mobile applications (apps) are rapidly increasing in number. There is an urgent need for assessment tools and algorithms that allow the usability and content criteria of these applications to be objectively assessed. The aim of this work was to establish and validate a concept for orthopedic societies to rate health apps to set a quality standard for their safe use.
METHODS
An objective rating concept was created, consisting of nine quality criteria. A self-declaration sheet for app manufacturers was designed. Manufacturers completed the self-declaration, and the app was examined by independent internal reviewers. The pilot validation and analysis were performed on two independent health applications. An algorithm for orthopedic societies was created based on the experiences in this study flow.
RESULTS
"Sprunggelenks-App" was approved by the reviewers with 45 (98%) fulfilled criteria and one (2%) unfulfilled criterion. "Therapie-App" was approved, with 28 (61%) met criteria, 6 (13%) unfulfilled criteria and 12 (26%) criteria that could not be assessed. The self-declaration completed by the app manufacturer is recommended, followed by a legal and technical rating performed by an external institution. When rated positive, the societies' internal review using independent raters can be performed. In case of a positive rating, a visual certification can be granted to the manufacturer for a certain time frame.
CONCLUSION
An objective rating algorithm is proposed for the assessment of digital health applications. This can help societies to improve the quality assessment, quality assurance and patient safety of those apps. The proposed concept must be further validated for inter-rater consistency and reliability
Proposal of a New Rating Concept for Digital Health Applications in Orthopedics and Traumatology
Background: Health-related mobile applications (apps) are rapidly increasing in number.
There is an urgent need for assessment tools and algorithms that allow the usability and content
criteria of these applications to be objectively assessed. The aim of this work was to establish and
validate a concept for orthopedic societies to rate health apps to set a quality standard for their safe
use. Methods: An objective rating concept was created, consisting of nine quality criteria. A selfdeclaration sheet for app manufacturers was designed. Manufacturers completed the self-declaration,
and the app was examined by independent internal reviewers. The pilot validation and analysis
were performed on two independent health applications. An algorithm for orthopedic societies was
created based on the experiences in this study flow. Results: “Sprunggelenks-App“ was approved by
the reviewers with 45 (98%) fulfilled criteria and one (2%) unfulfilled criterion. “Therapie-App” was
approved, with 28 (61%) met criteria, 6 (13%) unfulfilled criteria and 12 (26%) criteria that could not
be assessed. The self-declaration completed by the app manufacturer is recommended, followed by a
legal and technical rating performed by an external institution. When rated positive, the societies’
internal review using independent raters can be performed. In case of a positive rating, a visual
certification can be granted to the manufacturer for a certain time frame. Conclusion: An objective
rating algorithm is proposed for the assessment of digital health applications. This can help societies
to improve the quality assessment, quality assurance and patient safety of those apps. The proposed
concept must be further validated for inter-rater consistency and reliability
The Outer Tracker Detector of the HERA-B Experiment Part I: Detector
The HERA-B Outer Tracker is a large system of planar drift chambers with
about 113000 read-out channels. Its inner part has been designed to be exposed
to a particle flux of up to 2.10^5 cm^-2 s^-1, thus coping with conditions
similar to those expected for future hadron collider experiments. 13
superlayers, each consisting of two individual chambers, have been assembled
and installed in the experiment. The stereo layers inside each chamber are
composed of honeycomb drift tube modules with 5 and 10 mm diameter cells.
Chamber aging is prevented by coating the cathode foils with thin layers of
copper and gold, together with a proper drift gas choice. Longitudinal wire
segmentation is used to limit the occupancy in the most irradiated detector
regions to about 20 %. The production of 978 modules was distributed among six
different laboratories and took 15 months. For all materials in the fiducial
region of the detector good compromises of stability versus thickness were
found. A closed-loop gas system supplies the Ar/CF4/CO2 gas mixture to all
chambers. The successful operation of the HERA-B Outer Tracker shows that a
large tracker can be efficiently built and safely operated under huge radiation
load at a hadron collider.Comment: 28 pages, 14 figure
Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay D^+ --> K^- pi^+ pi^+ and Indication of a Low-Mass Scalar K pi Resonance
We study the Dalitz plot of the decay D^+ --> K^- pi^+ pi^+ with a sample of
15090 events from Fermilab experiment E791. Modeling the decay amplitude as the
coherent sum of known K pi resonances and a uniform nonresonant term, we do not
obtain an acceptable fit. If we allow the mass and width of the K^*_0(1430) to
float, we obtain values consistent with those from PDG but the chi^2 per degree
of freedom of the fit is still unsatisfactory. A good fit is found when we
allow for the presence of an additional scalar resonance, with mass 797 +/- 19
+/- 43 MeV/c^2 and width 410 +/- 43 +/- 87 MeV/c^2. The mass and width of the
K^*_0(1430) become 1459 +/- 7 +/- 5 MeV/c^2 and 175 +/- 12 +/- 12 MeV/c^2,
respectively. Our results provide new information on the scalar sector in
hadron spectroscopy.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter
Aging Studies for the Large Honeycomb Drift Tube System of the Outer Tracker of HERA-B
The HERA-B Outer Tracker consists of drift tubes folded from polycarbonate
foil and is operated with Ar/CF4/CO2 as drift gas. The detector has to stand
radiation levels which are similar to LHC conditions. The first prototypes
exposed to radiation in HERA-B suffered severe radiation damage due to the
development of self-sustaining currents (Malter effect). In a subsequent
extended R&D program major changes to the original concept for the drift tubes
(surface conductivity, drift gas, production materials) have been developed and
validated for use in harsh radiation environments. In the test program various
aging effects (like Malter currents, gain loss due to anode aging and etching
of the anode gold surface) have been observed and cures by tuning of operation
parameters have been developed.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the
International Workshop On Aging Phenomena In Gaseous Detectors, 2-5 Oct 2001,
Hamburg, German
Experimental evidence for a light and broad scalar resonance in decay
From a sample of decay, we find
. Using a coherent amplitude analysis
to fit the Dalitz plot of this decays, we find strong evidence that a scalar
resonance of mass MeV/ and width MeV/ accounts for approximately half of all decays.Comment: 10 pages, 3 eps figure
Measurement of the Omega_c Lifetime
We present the measurement of the lifetime of the Omega_c we have performed
using three independent data samples from two different decay modes. Using a
Sigma- beam of 340 GeV/c we have obtained clean signals for the Omega_c
decaying into Xi- K- pi+ pi+ and Omega- pi+ pi- pi+, avoiding topological cuts
normally used in charm analysis. The short but measurable lifetime of the
Omega_c is demonstrated by a clear enhancement of the signals at short but
finite decay lengths. Using a continuous maximum likelihood method we
determined the lifetime to be tau(Omega_c) = 55 +13-11(stat) +18-23(syst) fs.
This makes the Omega_c the shortest living weakly decaying particle observed so
far. The short value of the lifetime confirms the predicted pattern of the
charmed baryon lifetimes and demonstrates that the strong interaction plays a
vital role in the lifetimes of charmed hadrons.Comment: 15 pages, including 7 figures; gzipped, uuencoded postscrip
PACS and SPIRE photometer maps of M33: First results of the Herschel M33 extended survey (HERM33ES)
Within the framework of the HERM33ES key project, we are studying the star
forming interstellar medium in the nearby, metal-poor spiral galaxy M33,
exploiting the high resolution and sensitivity of Herschel. We use PACS and
SPIRE maps at 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 micron wavelength, to study the
variation of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with galacto-centric
distance. Detailed SED modeling is performed using azimuthally averaged fluxes
in elliptical rings of 2 kpc width, out to 8 kpc galacto-centric distance.
Simple isothermal and two-component grey body models, with fixed dust
emissivity index, are fitted to the SEDs between 24 and 500 micron using also
MIPS/Spitzer data, to derive first estimates of the dust physical conditions.
The far-infrared and submillimeter maps reveal the branched, knotted spiral
structure of M33. An underlying diffuse disk is seen in all SPIRE maps (250-500
micron). Two component fits to the SEDs agree better than isothermal models
with the observed, total and radially averaged flux densities. The two
component model, with beta fixed at 1.5, best fits the global and the radial
SEDs. The cold dust component clearly dominates; the relative mass of the warm
component is less than 0.3% for all the fits. The temperature of the warm
component is not well constrained and is found to be about 60K plus/minus 10K.
The temperature of the cold component drops significantly from about 24K in the
inner 2 kpc radius to 13K beyond 6 kpc radial distance, for the best fitting
model. The gas-to-dust ratio for beta=1.5, averaged over the galaxy, is higher
than the solar value by a factor of 1.5 and is roughly in agreement with the
subsolar metallicity of M33.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the A&A Herschel
Special Issu
The Outer Tracker Detector of the HERA-B Experiment. Part II: Front-End Electronics
The HERA-B Outer Tracker is a large detector with 112674 drift chamber
channels. It is exposed to a particle flux of up to 2x10^5/cm^2/s thus coping
with conditions similar to those expected for the LHC experiments. The
front-end readout system, based on the ASD-8 chip and a customized TDC chip, is
designed to fulfil the requirements on low noise, high sensitivity, rate
tolerance, and high integration density. The TDC system is based on an ASIC
which digitizes the time in bins of about 0.5 ns within a total of 256 bins.
The chip also comprises a pipeline to store data from 128 events which is
required for a deadtime-free trigger and data acquisition system. We report on
the development, installation, and commissioning of the front-end electronics,
including the grounding and noise suppression schemes, and discuss its
performance in the HERA-B experiment
Mass Splitting and Production of and Measured in N Interactions
From a sample of decaying to the
final state, we have observed, in the hadroproduction experiment E791 at
Fermilab, and through
their decays to . The mass difference ) is measured to be ; for
, we find .
The rate of production from decays of the triplet is
(22\pm 2\pm 3) {%} of the total production assuming equal rate
of production from all three, as measured for and .
We do not observe a statistically significant baryon-antibaryon
production asymmetry. The and spectra of from
decays are observed to be similar to those for all 's
produced.Comment: 15 pages, uuencoded postscript 3 figures uuencoded, tar-compressed
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