Pensamiento formal en adolescentes escolarizados de los grados 10 y 11 pertenecientes a colegios públicos de la ciudad de Santa Marta en el periodo 2008

En la presente investigación se manejó como objetivo central, identificar el nivel de pensamiento de los jóvenes escolarizados de los grados décimo y undécimo de colegios públicos de la ciudad de Santa Marta; en el cual se evaluó este proceso cognitivo de gran trascendencia para la psicología y la educación a través de la prueba TOLT (prueba de pensamiento lógico), de Tobin y Cupie (1981) en el que se evalúan características propias del pensamiento formal (razonamiento probabilístico, razonamiento combinatorio, razonamiento proporcional y control de variables), la población total estuvo conformada por 1790 estudiantes de colegios seleccionados (I.E.D. Hugo J Bermúdez, I.E.D. Técnico Industrial, I.E.D. Normal San Pedro Alejandrino y I.E.D. Liceo del Norte) y para la muestra poblacional se estimó estadísticamente 316 sujetos para la aplicación del instrumento por medio el software sample size calculator. Con este estudio se pudo ubicar un gran porcentaje de sujetos en un nivel de pensamiento concreto contradiciendo en gran medida los supuestos piagetianos sobre el nivel de pensamiento, con respecto a esta teoría deberían estar ubicados en un pensamiento formal o por lo menos manejar varias de la característica propia del mismo. Palabras claves: nivel de pensamiento, pensamiento, pensamiento formal, pensamiento concreto, pensamiento de transición, razonamiento probabilístico, razonamiento combinatorio, razonamiento proporcional y control de variables

A Draft of the Genome of the Gulf Coast tick, \u3ci\u3eAmblyomma maculatum\u3c/i\u3e

The Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, inhabits the Southeastern states of the USA bordering the Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, and other Central and South American countries. More recently, its U.S. range has extended West to Arizona and Northeast to New York state and Connecticut. It is a vector of Rickettsia parkeri and Hepatozoon americanum. This tick species has become a model to study tick/Rickettsia interactions. To increase our knowledge of the basic biology of A. maculatum we report here a draft genome of this tick and an extensive functional classification of its proteome. The DNA from a single male tick was used as a genomic source, and a 10X genomics protocol determined 28,460 scaffolds having equal or more than 10 Kb, totaling 1.98 Gb. The N50 scaffold size was 19,849 Kb. The BRAKER pipeline was used to find the protein-coding gene boundaries on the assembled A. maculatum genome, discovering 237,921 CDS. After trimming and classifying the transposable elements, bacterial contaminants, and truncated genes, a set of 25,702 were annotated and classified as the core gene products. A BUSCO analysis revealed 83.4% complete BUSCOs. A hyperlinked spreadsheet is provided, allowing browsing of the individual gene products and their matches to several databases

Population epigenetic divergence exceeds genetic divergence in the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

© 2019 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Populations may respond to environmental heterogeneity via evolutionary divergence or phenotypic plasticity. While evolutionary divergence occurs through DNA sequence differences among populations, plastic divergence among populations may be generated by changes in the epigenome. Here, we present the results of a genome-wide comparison of DNA methylation patterns and genetic structure among four populations of Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We used a combination of restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) to explore population structure, gene-wide averages of FST, and DNA methylation differences between oysters inhabiting four estuaries with unique salinity profiles. This approach identified significant population structure despite a moderately low FST (0.02) across the freshwater boundary of the Mississippi river, a finding that may reflect recent efforts to restore oyster stock populations. Divergence between populations in CpG methylation was greater than for divergence in FST, likely reflecting environmental effects on DNA methylation patterns. Assessment of CpG methylation patterns across all populations identified that only 26% of methylated DNA was intergenic; and, only 17% of all differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were within these same regions. DMRs within gene bodies between sites were associated with genes known to be involved in DNA damage repair, ion transport, and reproductive timing. Finally, when assessing the correlation between genomic variation and DNA methylation between these populations, we observed population-specific DNA methylation profiles that were not directly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms or broader gene-body mean FST trends. Our results suggest that C. virginica may use DNA methylation to generate environmentally responsive plastic phenotypes and that there is more divergence in methylation than divergence in allele frequencies

Evaluation of the antiviral activity of ultraviolet light and zinc oxide nanoparticles on textile products exposed to Avian coronavirus

This research has developed a piece of sanitizing locker-model equipment for textiles exposed to avian coronavirus, which has been put under the influence of UV light, UV + zinc oxide nanoparticles (phytosynthesized ZnONP), and water + UV, and, in turn, under the influence of the exposure time (60, 120, 180 s). The results linked to the phytosynthesis of ZnONP indicate a novel method of fabricating nanostructured material, nanoparticles with spherical morphology and an average size of 30 nm. The assays were made based on the viral viability of avian coronavirus according to the mortality of SPF embryonated eggs and a Real-Time PCR for viral load estimation. This was a model to evaluate the sanitizing effects against coronaviruses since they share a very similar structure and chemistry with SAR-CoV-2. The influence of the type of textile treatment evidenced the potential effect of the sanitizing UV light, which achieved 100% of embryo viability. The response of the ZnONP + UV nebulization showed a notorious influence of photoactivation according to the exposure time, and the 60-s treatment achieved a decrease of 88.9% in viral viability, compared to 77.8% and 55.6% corresponding to the 120 and 180-s treatments, respectively. Regarding the decrease in viral load between the types of treatments, UV 180 s reduced 98.42% and UV 60 s + ZnONP reduced 99.46%, respectively. The results show the combinatorial effect of UV light and zinc nanoparticles in decreasing the viral viability of avian coronavirus, as a model of other important coronaviruses in public health such as SARS-CoV-2

Biogenic production of silver, zinc oxide, and cuprous oxide nanoparticles, and their impregnation into textiles with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2

Nanotechnology is being used to fight off infections caused by viruses, and one of the most outstanding nanotechnological uses is the design of protective barriers made of textiles functionalized with antimicrobial agents, with the challenge of combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causal agent of COVID-19. This research is framed within two fundamental aspects: the first one is linked to the proposal of new methods of biogenic synthesis of silver, cuprous oxide, and zinc oxide nanoparticles using organic extracts as reducing agents. The second one is the application of nanomaterials in the impregnation (functionalization) of textiles based on methods called "in situ" (within the synthesis), and "post-synthesis" (after the synthesis), with subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness in reducing the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. The results show that stable, monodisperse nanoparticles with defined geometry can be obtained. Likewise, the "in situ" impregnation method emerges as the best way to adhere nanoparticles. The results of viral load reduction show that 'in situ' textiles with Cu2O NP achieved a 99.79% load reduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

Gestión de inventarios, almacenes y aprovisionamiento

Sin el desarrollo de un sistema de gestión de inventarios, almacenes y aprovisionamiento, la logística no podría traer sus ventajas en pleno desarrollo. Un buen sistema de inventarios, almacenes y aprovisionamiento en actividades de logística puede proporcionar una mejor eficiencia, reducir el costo de operación y promover la calidad del servicio. La gestión de inventarios es un punto determinante en el manejo estratégico de toda organización. Las tareas correspondientes a la gestión de un inventario se relacionan con la determinación de los métodos de registro, los puntos de rotación, las formas de clasificación y los modelos de reinventario, determinados por los métodos de control. Teniendo muy en cuenta que los objetivos fundamentales de la gestión de inventarios es el de Reducir al mínimo "posible" los niveles de existencias y Asegurar la disponibilidad de existencias (producto terminado, producto en curso, materia prima, insumo, etc.) en el momento justo.Without the development of a system of inventory management, warehousing and supply, logistics could not bring its advantages in full development. A good system of inventories, warehousing and provisioning in logistics activities could provide better efficiency, reduce the cost of operation and promote the quality of the service. Inventory management is a determining point in the strategic management of any organization. The tasks corresponding to the management of an inventory are related to the determination of the registration methods, the rotation points, the classification forms and the reinventary models, determined by the control methods. Taking into account that the fundamental objectives of inventory management is to reduce the levels of stocks to the "possible" minimum and ensure the availability of stocks (finished product, product in progress, raw material, input, etc.) in the right moment

Radiografía de tórax y estancia hospitalaria en pacientes pediátricos con infecciones respiratorias bajas

Introducción: La infección respiratoria tiene altas tasas mundiales de morbimortalidad en menores de cinco años con más de dos millones de muertes al año. La radiografía de tórax es primordial en el abordaje diagnóstico de neumonía y en la detección de complicaciones. Bogotá se encuentra a 2,640 metros sobre el nivel del mar, lo que hace a su población más susceptible a la hipoxemia. Objetivo: Definir si las alteraciones en la radiografía de tórax de ingreso en niños menores de cinco años con infección respiratoria aguda baja pueden predecir el tiempo de hospitalización. Material y métodos: Estudio de una cohorte con pacientes hospitalizados con infección respiratoria baja. Se comparó el hallazgo radiológico como marcador de estancia hospitalaria. Se estimaron factores confusores por un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 196 pacientes. El análisis bivariado y multivariado reflejó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los días de estancia hospitalaria y las variables: consolidación en la radiografía de ingreso, fiebre, menor edad y requerimiento de O2 domiciliario. No se encontró relación con el diagnóstico clínico final ni con otros hallazgos radiológicos. Conclusión: La consolidación en la radiografía de tórax, además de otras variables como menor edad al ingreso, fiebre y la necesidad de oxígeno domiciliario son predictores de mayor estancia hospitalaria en niños con infección respiratoria aguda baja.Introduction: The acute respiratory tract infection has high rates of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age, with more than 2 million deaths per year. The chest radiograph plays a major role in the diagnosis of suspected pneumonia and the detection of complications. Bogota is 2,640 meters above sea level, which makes the population more susceptible to hypoxemia. Objective: To identify whether the chest radiograph on admission in children younger than five years of age with acute lower respiratory tract infection, predicts hospital length of stay. Material and methods: A cohort study was carried out in hospitalized patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection. We compare the main radiographic findings versus the length of hospital stay. A multiple linear regression model was used to rule out confounders. Results: 196 patients were included. The bivariate and multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the days of hospital stay and the variables: consolidation on admission chest X-ray, fever, lower age and requirement of home O2. No relationship was found to the final clinical diagnosis or other radiological findings. Conclusion: A consolidation on the admission chest X-ray, in addition to other variables such as lower age at admission, fever and the need for home oxygen, is a good predictor of longer hospital stay in children with a low acute respiratory infection

Phylotranscriptomic insights into the diversification of endothermic Thunnus tunas

Birds, mammals, and certain fishes, including tunas, opahs and lamnid sharks, are endothermic, conserving internally generated, metabolic heat to maintain body or tissue temperatures above that of the environment. Bluefin tunas are commercially important fishes worldwide, and some populations are threatened. They are renowned for their endothermy, maintaining elevated temperatures of the oxidative locomotor muscle, viscera, brain and eyes, and occupying cold, productive high-latitude waters. Less cold-tolerant tunas, such as yellowfin tuna, by contrast, remain in warm-temperate to tropical waters year-round, reproducing more rapidly than most temperate bluefin tuna populations, providing resiliency in the face of large-scale industrial fisheries. Despite the importance of these traits to not only fisheries but also habitat utilization and responses to climate change, little is known of the genetic processes underlying the diversification of tunas. In collecting and analyzing sequence data across 29,556 genes, we found that parallel selection on standing genetic variation is associated with the evolution of endothermy in bluefin tunas. This includes two shared substitutions in genes encoding glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that contributes to thermogenesis in bumblebees and mammals, as well as four genes involved in the Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, β-oxidation, and superoxide removal. Using phylogenetic techniques, we further illustrate that the eight Thunnus species are genetically distinct, but found evidence of mitochondrial genome introgression across two species. Phylogeny-based metrics highlight conservation needs for some of these species

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia

Population genetics of two chromatic morphs of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius pallescens Barber, 1932 in Panamá - Data & Scripts

Data and Scripts used for processing, analysis, and visualization of data presented in "Population genetics of two chromatic morphs of the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius pallescens Barber, 1932 in Panamá". Data includes all scripts used for the Software STACKS, vcf outputs from STACKS for each species (Rhodnius pallescens, Trypanosoma cruzi, T. rangeli), and scripts used for analysis and visualization in R