Physical and chemical characteristics of fruits from different orange canopy/rootstock combinations grown in the brazilian semiarid

The orange trees 'Pera'/lemon 'Cravo' combination has predominated in national territory, and new oranges trees canopies/rootstock combinations citrus have been availability in breeding programs to provide for productive sector. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits orange trees from canopy/rootstock different combinations grown in Brazilian semiarid. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme with three canopy and four rootstock cultivars, with three replications. The orange trees used were 'Pera', 'Natal' and 'Sincorá', while for the rootstocks the lemon 'Cravo Santa Cruz', the mandarin 'Sunki' Tropical selection, and the citrandarins 'Indio' and 'Riverside'. The results obtained showed that factors acted independently in mass and diameter fruit, seeds number, juice yield, skin luminosity and pulp, chromaticity and hue angle pulp, ºBrix and acids contents. However, it was different in shell thickness, chromaticity and hue angle of the shell and SS/AT ratio. Was possible conclude that 'BRS 002 – Sincorá' presented best results for physical and chemical analysis, and lemon 'Cravo Santa Cruz' and Tangerine 'Sunki' Tropical selection influenced the canopies to the best results of the physical and chemical analysis, respectively. All combinations showed low juice yield.No Brasil, a combinação laranjeira ‘Pera’ e limoeiro ‘Cravo’ têm predominado em todo o território nacional, fazendo com que os programas de melhoramento em citros invistam em medidas para disponibilizar novas combinações ao setor produtivo. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas e químicas de frutos provenientes de diferentes combinações copa/porta-enxerto de laranjeiras cultivadas no semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com três cultivares copa e quatro porta-enxerto, com três repetições. As copas utilizadas foram a ‘Pera’, a ‘Natal’ e a ‘Sincorá’, enquanto para os porta-enxertos foram utilizados o limoeiro 'Cravo Santa Cruz', a tangerineira ‘Sunki’ seleção Tropical, e os citrandarins ‘Indio’ e ‘Riverside’. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os fatores atuaram de forma independente na massa e diâmetro do fruto, no número de sementes, no rendimento do suco, na luminosidade da casca e da polpa, na cromaticidade e ângulo de matiz da polpa, no ºBrix e nos teores de ácidos. Entretanto, foi diferente na espessura da casca, na cromaticidade e no ângulo de matiz da casca e na relação SS/AT. Foi possível concluir que a ‘BRS 002–Sincorá’ apresentou os melhores resultados para as análises físicas e químicas, e as cultivares porta-enxerto limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ e Tangerineira ‘Sunki’ seleção Tropical influenciaram as copas aos melhores resultados das análises físicas e químicas, respectivamente. Todas as combinações apresentaram baixo rendimento do suco

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Assessment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in obese children and adolescents

To compare the circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-9, and total MMP-9, their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, and the MMP-8/TIMP-1, MMP-9/TIMP-1, and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios in normotensive obese children and adolescents with those found in non obese children and adolescents. We studied 40 obese and 40 non obese (controls) children and adolescents in this cross-sectional study. MMP and TIMP concentrations were measured in plasma samples by gelatin zymography and ELISA. Obese children and adolescents had higher circulating MMP-8 concentrations, lower plasma TIMP-1 concentrations, and higher MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratios than non obese controls (P 0.05). While we found no significant differences in pro-MMP-2 levels (P > 0.05) obese subjects had higher TIMP-2 concentrations and lower pro-MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios (P < 0.05) than non obese controls. In conclusion, we found evidence indicating higher net MMP-8 (but not MMP-9 and MMP-2) activity in childhood obesity. The increased MMP-8 levels found in obese children suggest a possibly relevant pathophysiological mechanism that may be involved in the increase of cardiovascular risk associated with childhood obesity4210-11984990CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão temnão te

Antiproliferative Activity of Three Methoxylated Flavonoids Isolated from Zeyheria montana Mart. (Bignoniaceae) Leaves

The present study isolated three major active flavonoids, two flavones named 4',5,7-trimethoxy-luteolin (1) and 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone (2) and the flavanone 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavanone (3) from Zeyheria montana dichloromethane leaf extract. Isolation and purification were conducted with the application of column chromatography and structures were assigned by spectral analysis. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against human tumor cell lines UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast), NCI-ADR/RES (breast expressing phenotype multiple drug resistance), 786-0 (renal), NCI-H460 (lung, non-small cells), PC-3 (prostate), OVCAR-3 (ovarian), HT-29 (colon) and K562 (leukemia) in vitro. All compounds were active in different degrees on several tumor cell lines and flavanone 3 showed cytotoxicity against almost all cell lines, particularly against human NCI-ADR/RES and K562 cell lines. In conclusion, three antiproliferative compounds were isolated for the first time from Zeyheria montana and its leaves were characterized as an important source of methoxylated flavones and flavanone as potential antitumor compounds. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Assessment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in obese children and adolescents

Objectives: To compare the circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-9, and total MMP-9, their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, and the MMP-8/TIMP-1, MMP-9/TIMP-1, and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios in normotensive obese children and adolescents with those found in non obese children and adolescents. Design and methods: We studied 40 obese and 40 non obese (controls) children and adolescents in this cross-sectional study. MMP and TIMP concentrations were measured in plasma samples by gelatin zymography and ELISA. Results: Obese children and adolescents had higher circulating MMP-8 concentrations, lower plasma TIMP-1 concentrations, and higher MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratios than non obese controls (P < 0.05). We found no differences in pro-MMP-9 or total MMP-9 levels, or in MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios between groups (P > 0.05). While we found no significant differences in pro-MMP-2 levels (P > 0.05) obese Subjects had higher TIMP-2 concentrations and lower pro-MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios (P < 0.05) than non obese controls. Conclusions: In conclusion, we found evidence indicating higher net MMP-8 (but not MMP-9 and MMP-2) activity in childhood obesity. The increased MMP-8 levels found in obese children suggest a possibly relevant pathophysiological mechanism that may be involved in the increase of cardiovascular risk associated with childhood obesity. (c) 2009 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Funda do de AmparoPesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP-Brazil)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq-Brazil

PCL/Andiroba Oil (Carapa guianensis Aubl.) Hybrid Film for Wound Healing Applications

Developing a biomimetic material to wound care is an emerging need for the healing process. Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a polymer with the necessary dressing’s requirements often used in medicine. Their surface, physic-chemical and biological properties can be modified by adding bioactive compounds, such as andiroba seed oil (Carapa guianensis). This Amazonian natural plant has medicinal and pharmacological properties. For this purpose, PCL polymeric films incorporated with andiroba oil were investigated. The synthesis of hybrids materials was carried out in the solvent casting method. Thermal properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solvent type on the surface and hydrophilicity of samples was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, contact angle measurements, functional groups analysis, fluid absorption capacity, and cell viability were performed. The results demonstrated the influences of andiroba oil under the morphology and thermal properties of the polymeric matrix; the hydrophilicity of the hybrid film obtained by acetic acid was reduced by 13%; the porosity decreased as the concentration of oil increased, but its higher thermal stability. The L929 cell line’s proliferation was observed in all materials, and it presented nontoxic nature. It was demonstrated the ability of PCL hybrid film as a matrix for cell growth. Then, the materials were proved potential candidates for biomedical applications

A Review of the Development of Multitarget Molecules against HIV-TB Coinfection Pathogens

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) produces the pathologic basis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An increase in the viral load in the body leads to a decline in the number of T lymphocytes, compromising the patient’s immune system. Some opportunistic diseases may result, such as tuberculosis (TB), which is the most common in seropositive patients. Long-term treatment is required for HIV-TB coinfection, and cocktails of drugs for both diseases are used concomitantly. The most challenging aspects of treatment are the occurrence of drug interactions, overlapping toxicity, no adherence to treatment and cases of resistance. Recent approaches have involved using molecules that can act synergistically on two or more distinct targets. The development of multitarget molecules could overcome the disadvantages of the therapies used to treat HIV-TB coinfection. This report is the first review on using molecules with activities against HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) for molecular hybridization and multitarget strategies. Here, we discuss the importance and development of multiple targets as a means of improving adherence to therapy in cases of the coexistence of these pathologies. In this context, several studies on the development of structural entities to treat HIV-TB simultaneously are discussed