Aprendendo com o insucesso: um estudo de caso de aplicação da resolução criativa de problemas ao projeto educativo

O Projeto Educativo, como instrumento fundamental para a autonomia das escolas, em Portugal, deve aglutinar as principais expectativas da comunidade escolar, implicando rigor na metodologia de investigação, utilizada para sua elaboração, e na implementação da mudança requerida. O presente artigo relata a forma como foi possível obter esses aspectos, numa escola secundária, ao longo de mais de um ano, por meio do uso do método de Resolução Criativa de Problemas, que envolveu toda a comunidade escolar. Conforme o planeamento definido, a elaboração do Projeto Educativo seguiu os passos de um trabalho de investigação e resultou num documento estratégico e operacional, sujeito, posteriormente, a várias tentativas de implementação que, no entanto, tiveram apenas sucesso relativo. A discussão das condições necessárias para que o documento final possa servir de base à implementação das políticas e ações definidas, o que simplificaria todo o esquema de funcionamento escolar, sob um prisma de gestão efetiva das organizações, é aqui iniciada e sugerida para futuras investigações

Can we Really Have an Integrative Theory of Creativity? The Case of Creative Cognition

In this commentary to Glăveanu (2014), I address one specific issue raised – that of the need for a grand or unifying theory of creativity. I discuss whether our understanding of creative cognition has progressed sufficiently to allow for the development of, or inclusion in, a grand theory of creativity. Specifically, I argue that there are many gaps in our understanding of two major processes, problem identification and construction and idea evaluation and choice. I further provide some suggestions for how we can move the field forward on these individual aspects, and still strive for [email protected] of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, USA1225626

Еволюція податкового контролю

Досліджено генезис податкового контролю на території України з часів Київської Русі до створення незалежної держави. Ключові слова: податковий контроль, адміністративно-правове регулювання.Исследован генезис налогового контроля на территории Украины со времен Киевской Руси до создания независимого государства. Ключевые слова: налоговый контроль, административно-правовое регулирование.Genesis of tax control on territory of Ukraine from times of Kiev Rus to creation of the independent state is explored in the article. Key words: the tax control, administrative-legal regulation

The Relationship of Individual Capabilities and Environmental Support with Different Facets of Designers’ Innovative Behavior

Theoretical perspectives on employee creativity have tended to focus on an individual's capability to generate original and potentially useful ideas, whereas definitions of innovation also include the process of putting those new ideas into practice. This field study therefore set out to test how theoretically distinct types of individual knowledge and skills are related to different aspects of employees' innovative behavior in terms of both their new idea generation and idea implementation. Using a sample of design engineers (n = 169) in a multinational engineering company, measures were taken of different aspects of innovative work behavior (patent submission, real-time idea submission, idea implementation) and a range of individual capabilities (creativity-relevant skills, job expertise, operational skills, contextual knowledge, and motivation) and environmental features (job control, departmental support for innovation). Analyses showed that creativity-relevant skills were positively related to indices of idea generation but not to idea implementation. Instead, employees' job expertise, operational skills, and motivation to innovate demonstrated a stronger role in idea implementation. In terms of environmental factors, job control showed no positive relationship with innovative work behavior while departmental support for innovation was related to employees' idea generation but not idea implementation. The theoretical perspective that correlates of idea generation differ in certain aspects to those for idea implementation are confirmed by the study. Practical implications for organizations wishing to improve their innovativeness are discussed in terms of tailored training, development, motivational, and environmental interventions designed to improve the capabilities of individuals to engage in all parts of the innovation process

Governing the governors : a case study of college governance in English further education

This paper addresses the nature of governors in the governance of further education colleges in an English context (1). It explores the complex relationship between governors (people/agency), government (policy/structure) and governance (practice), in a college environment. While recent research has focused on the governance of schooling and higher education there has been little attention paid to the role of governors in the lifelong learning sector. The objective of the paper is to contribute to the debate about the purpose of college governance at a time when the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) commissioning era ends, and new government bodies responsible for further education and training, including local authorities, arrive. The paper analyses the nature of FE governance through the perspectives and experiences of governors, as colleges respond to calls from government for greater improvement and accountability in the sector (LSIS, 2009a). What constitutes creative governance is complex and controversial in the wider framework of regulation and public policy reform (Stoker, 1997; Seddon, 2008). As with other tricky concepts such as leadership, professionalism and learning, college governance is best defined in the contexts, cultures and situations in which it is located. College governance does not operate in a vacuum. It involves governors, chairs, principals, professionals, senior managers, clerks, community, business and wider agencies, including external audit and inspection regimes. Governance also acts as a prism through which national education and training reforms are mediated, at local level. While governing bodies are traditionally associated with the business of FE - steering, setting the tone and style, dealing with finance, funding, audit and procedural matters – they are increasingly being challenged to be more creative and responsive to the wider society. Drawing on a recent case study of six colleges, involving governors and key policy stakeholders, this paper explores FE governance in a fast changing policy environment

Impacts and outcomes of creativity in organizational settings

43 leaves in various foliations, [9] p. of plates : ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-43). ;</p

Catalyzing interfunctional efforts to find and creatively solve important business problems

42 leaves ; Bibliography: leaves 40-42. ;Many companies today are sensing that important changes in how they conduct their business are needed if profit levels are to be maintained and improved . With the slowing of growth and intensifying competition, acceleration of productivity improvement has emerged as a clear business need . Cost improvement and new managerial skills needed for the increased complexities of the business are important is sues. In many companies which have thrived on functional excellence and organizational efficiency, the need to expand managerial competence in the following new ways is being increasingly recognized: More idea generation and thought leadership More horizontal leadership and team work More strategic thinking In the following pages, a unique, proven, managerial productivity process is described which helps maintain profits in spite of challenging inflationary and market pressures. The centerpiece of this productivity process is a trainable thinking process cal led a "Complete Process of Creative Problem Solving" (Basadur, Graen and Green , 1982 . This process is action oriented , facilitates teamwork and team leadership , and develops thinking skills and attitudes for taking problem solving initiatives and idea generation and implement at ion . It is a practical , research- based process (Basadur and Finkbeiner, 1985 ; l9 83 a; 19 83b; Basadur and Thompson, 19 83) . It expands beyond the kind of thinking skills and attitudes prevalent among mo st North American managers .</p

Measuring preference for ideation in creative problem solving

15, 6 leaves ; Includes bibliographical references (leaf 13). ; The authors wish to thank Stephen Green, George Graen and Robert Joyner for their helpful comments on previous drafts of this working paper.Creativity, problem solving and innovation performance are becoming of rapidly increasing concern to organizations in these times of accelerating change and environmental instability. An important construct identified in previous creative problem solving training research is called " preference for ideation". This paper reports development of a reliable and valid measure of this construct.</p

Usefulness of the ideation principle of extended effort in real world professional and managerial creative problem solving

29 leaves ; Bibliography: leaf 18. ;Two hypotheses relating to using the ideation principle of extended effort in idea generation to solve real world technical and managerial problems are tested in field research. In two studies involving training and application of a "complete process of creative problem solving" emphasizing the ideation-evaluation process, the "most preferred ideas" were well dispersed and furthermore were more likely to be found among the latter two thirds of the ideas listed serially than in the first third. This provides support for the usefulness of the extended effort principle. One study (n=lOl) involved individual creative problem solving, while the other (n=264) involved small groups. The data give rise to speculation that perhaps the more effort devoted to fact finding and problem definition prior to idea generation, the earlier in the list of ideas will the most preferred idea occur.</p