Aprendendo com o insucesso: um estudo de caso de aplicação da resolução criativa de problemas ao projeto educativo

O Projeto Educativo, como instrumento fundamental para a autonomia das escolas, em Portugal, deve aglutinar as principais expectativas da comunidade escolar, implicando rigor na metodologia de investigação, utilizada para sua elaboração, e na implementação da mudança requerida. O presente artigo relata a forma como foi possível obter esses aspectos, numa escola secundária, ao longo de mais de um ano, por meio do uso do método de Resolução Criativa de Problemas, que envolveu toda a comunidade escolar. Conforme o planeamento definido, a elaboração do Projeto Educativo seguiu os passos de um trabalho de investigação e resultou num documento estratégico e operacional, sujeito, posteriormente, a várias tentativas de implementação que, no entanto, tiveram apenas sucesso relativo. A discussão das condições necessárias para que o documento final possa servir de base à implementação das políticas e ações definidas, o que simplificaria todo o esquema de funcionamento escolar, sob um prisma de gestão efetiva das organizações, é aqui iniciada e sugerida para futuras investigações

Can we Really Have an Integrative Theory of Creativity? The Case of Creative Cognition

In this commentary to Glăveanu (2014), I address one specific issue raised – that of the need for a grand or unifying theory of creativity. I discuss whether our understanding of creative cognition has progressed sufficiently to allow for the development of, or inclusion in, a grand theory of creativity. Specifically, I argue that there are many gaps in our understanding of two major processes, problem identification and construction and idea evaluation and choice. I further provide some suggestions for how we can move the field forward on these individual aspects, and still strive for [email protected] of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, USA1225626

Еволюція податкового контролю

Досліджено генезис податкового контролю на території України з часів Київської Русі до створення незалежної держави. Ключові слова: податковий контроль, адміністративно-правове регулювання.Исследован генезис налогового контроля на территории Украины со времен Киевской Руси до создания независимого государства. Ключевые слова: налоговый контроль, административно-правовое регулирование.Genesis of tax control on territory of Ukraine from times of Kiev Rus to creation of the independent state is explored in the article. Key words: the tax control, administrative-legal regulation

The Relationship of Individual Capabilities and Environmental Support with Different Facets of Designers’ Innovative Behavior

Theoretical perspectives on employee creativity have tended to focus on an individual's capability to generate original and potentially useful ideas, whereas definitions of innovation also include the process of putting those new ideas into practice. This field study therefore set out to test how theoretically distinct types of individual knowledge and skills are related to different aspects of employees' innovative behavior in terms of both their new idea generation and idea implementation. Using a sample of design engineers (n = 169) in a multinational engineering company, measures were taken of different aspects of innovative work behavior (patent submission, real-time idea submission, idea implementation) and a range of individual capabilities (creativity-relevant skills, job expertise, operational skills, contextual knowledge, and motivation) and environmental features (job control, departmental support for innovation). Analyses showed that creativity-relevant skills were positively related to indices of idea generation but not to idea implementation. Instead, employees' job expertise, operational skills, and motivation to innovate demonstrated a stronger role in idea implementation. In terms of environmental factors, job control showed no positive relationship with innovative work behavior while departmental support for innovation was related to employees' idea generation but not idea implementation. The theoretical perspective that correlates of idea generation differ in certain aspects to those for idea implementation are confirmed by the study. Practical implications for organizations wishing to improve their innovativeness are discussed in terms of tailored training, development, motivational, and environmental interventions designed to improve the capabilities of individuals to engage in all parts of the innovation process

Governing the governors : a case study of college governance in English further education

This paper addresses the nature of governors in the governance of further education colleges in an English context (1). It explores the complex relationship between governors (people/agency), government (policy/structure) and governance (practice), in a college environment. While recent research has focused on the governance of schooling and higher education there has been little attention paid to the role of governors in the lifelong learning sector. The objective of the paper is to contribute to the debate about the purpose of college governance at a time when the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) commissioning era ends, and new government bodies responsible for further education and training, including local authorities, arrive. The paper analyses the nature of FE governance through the perspectives and experiences of governors, as colleges respond to calls from government for greater improvement and accountability in the sector (LSIS, 2009a). What constitutes creative governance is complex and controversial in the wider framework of regulation and public policy reform (Stoker, 1997; Seddon, 2008). As with other tricky concepts such as leadership, professionalism and learning, college governance is best defined in the contexts, cultures and situations in which it is located. College governance does not operate in a vacuum. It involves governors, chairs, principals, professionals, senior managers, clerks, community, business and wider agencies, including external audit and inspection regimes. Governance also acts as a prism through which national education and training reforms are mediated, at local level. While governing bodies are traditionally associated with the business of FE - steering, setting the tone and style, dealing with finance, funding, audit and procedural matters – they are increasingly being challenged to be more creative and responsive to the wider society. Drawing on a recent case study of six colleges, involving governors and key policy stakeholders, this paper explores FE governance in a fast changing policy environment

Planeamiento estratégico para la región de Lima provincias

El presente trabajo desarrolla el Plan Estratégico de la Región Lima Provincias, con alto potencial a desarrollar, debido a que cuenta con una gran variedad de recursos, los cuales podrían aprovecharse de mejor manera mediante las oportunidades encontradas en este trabajo, para que finalmente aporte al dinamismo de la economía nacional. La metodología utilizada para la formulación de este plan estratégico se ha basado en el Modelo Secuencial del Proceso Estratégico desarrollado por el profesor Fernando D´Alessio. Para ello se revisó información bibliográfica disponible basada en fuentes confiables a partir de la cual se pudo conocer la situación actual de la provincia, después de ello, se realizó un análisis externo e interno, para establecer objetivos de corto y largo plazo los cuales se llevarán a cabo mediante la formulación, implementación y evaluación de estrategias, con el fin de alcanzar la visión deseada, que para el 2028 Lima Provincias será una región líder aplicando buenas prácticas en gestión pública, que permitan promover sus principales actividades económicas, auto sostenible y generadora de oportunidades; asegurando que el uso de los recursos impacten positivamente en el medio ambiente y que repercuta en una mejor calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. El logro de la visión dependerá del cumplimiento de los objetivos de corto y largo plazo asimismo el Tablero de Control Balanceado (Balance Scorecard) permitirá monitorear el cumplimiento y medir los resultados de los objetivos a corto plazo. Mediante la aplicación del presente Plan Estratégico, Lima Provincias se consolidará como un actor fundamental de la economía nacional y mundial.This work develops the strategic plan of the Region Lima Provincias, a provincia with a high potential to develop, because it has a great variety of resources, which could be better exploited through the opportunities found in this work, so that it finally contributes to the dynamism of the national economy. The methodology used to formulate this strategic plan has been based on the Sequential Model of the Strategic Process developed by Professor Fernando D´Alessio. To this end, bibliographic information based on reliable sources was reviewed, from which the current situation of the region could be known. After that, an external and internal analysis was carried out to establish short and long term objectives which will be carried out carried out through the formulation, implementation and evaluation of strategies, in order to achieve the desired vision, that by 2028 the Región Lima Provincias will be a leading local government applying good practices in public management, which will allow promoting its main economic activities, self-sustaining and generating opportunities; ensuring that the use of resources has a positive impact on the environment and that it has an impact on a better quality of life for citizens. The achievement of the vision will depend on the fulfillment of the short and long-term objectives, as well as the Balance Scorecard, which will monitor compliance and measure the results of the short-term objectives. Through the application of this strategic plan, the Región Lima Provincias will be consolidated as a fundamental actor of the national and global economy.Tesi

Managing Knowledge in Policymaking and Decision Making

The combined effect of increasing problem complexity and growing demand for participation in decisions has forced policymaking and decision making in organizations to become less an analytic endeavor and more a process of "knowledge management ' This requires an intermediarv to mediate among conflicting perspectives and integrate the different forms and levels of knowledge This article describes one such approach to knowledge management that utilizes a third party to create and facilitate a temporary task organization Following a brief case example, some research resultsfrom an evaluation of six past applications of the approach are presented These results provide insight into the effective structuring and conduct of knowledge management proceduresPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68626/2/10.1177_107554708600800106.pd

Beyond belief: structured techniques prove more effective than a placebo intervention in a problem construction task

Problem construction is one of the first steps in creative problem solving and research has shown clear links between problem construction ability and creative output. Here, we compared two active techniques with that of a placebo intervention and show a benefit in problem construction performance for the active techniques. The active techniques required participants to either utilise six questions (six men), or adopt six perspectives, incorporating a range of specific questions (six hats). The placebo intervention (brain-breathing) was specifically constructed to seem both plausible and effective. We had 118 participants randomly allocated to one of the three groups (six men, six hats, brain-breathing) and, after reading a brief synopsis of their allocated tool, they then attempted to restate a given problem in as many different ways as they could within an allotted time. Performance was measured in terms of the fluency, quality, flexibility and originality of responses. Results showed that using the six men tool produced greater fluency, flexibility and originality relative to brain-breathing and the six hats. Use of the six hats tool also led to the production of more original responses relative to the brain-breathing control group. Importantly, there was no difference in reported motivation between the groups, but those using the six men and the brain-breathing tools found these easier to use compared to the six hats. Furthermore, those using the six men tool found this to be more useful and indicated that they were more likely to use this again in the future. Hence, both six men and six hats tools benefited performance, though in distinct ways. These results support the notion that explicitly scaffolding thinking can benefit creative problem solving