El personal al servicio de las entidades locales

El presente trabajo que se expone a continuación consiste en un estudio analítico del personal al servicio de las Entidades Locales en España. El tema de estudio fue elegido debido a la importancia que tiene hoy en día la posibilidad de tener un puesto de trabajo estable, duradero y permanente, y como es en este caso, el ámbito de la Administración, ya sea en la Administración Estatal, la Administración Autonómica o la Administración Local, la cual me compete. El empleo público local se ha visto afectado por numerosas reformas o, mejor dicho, medidas de ajuste, todas con en el fin recortar y reducir costes. La última y en la que más se basa este trabajo es la reforma contenida en la Ley 27/2013, de 27 de diciembre, de Racionalización y Sostenibilidad de la Administración Local conocida como LRSAL. El objetivo principal de dicha reforma, y como bien lo resume en su preámbulo, es adaptar la organización y el funcionamiento de las Entidades Locales a los principios de estabilidad presupuestaria, sostenibilidad financiera y eficacia en el uso de los recursos públicos. Para poder llevar a cabo a este objetivo, alguna de las medidas son: reducción de retribuciones, congelar las ofertas de empleo público, ampliar la jornada pero reducción derechos laborales, llevar a cabo despidos colectivos, aumentar la edad de jubilación, etc. Todas estas medidas se irán viendo a lo largo del trabajo como han afectado a cada uno de los tipos de personal (funcionarios, laborales y eventuales), ya que se estudiará la normativa que se aplica a cada uno, forma de acceso y selección, ámbito funcionarial, derechos y deberes, situaciones y cese, entre otros temas. También se estudiará el colectivo de los funcionarios con habilitación de carácter nacional, que sin ninguna duda, es la modificación más importante de la última reforma del 2013, pretendiendo reforzar la independencia e imparciabilidad de estos funcionarios en relación con la Entidad Local para la que presta servicios.Grado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humano

Antioxidant Characterization and Biological Effects of Grape Pomace Extracts Supplementation in Caenorhabditis elegans

[EN]The aim of this work was to evaluate the biological activity of four grape pomace (GP) extracts that are rich in polyphenols using C. elegans as an in vivo model. Different concentrations of the GP extracts were assessed for their effects on the resistance of C. elegans against thermally induced oxidative stress, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lifespan. The cultivation of C. elegans with relatively low concentrations of GP extracts increased their resistance against thermal stress and prolonged their lifespan, while high levels displayed detrimental effects. In the studied extracts, maximum protection was observed for levels of polyphenols around 7 to 9 µg gallic acid equivalents per cultivation plate. The obtained results suggested that small changes in the ROS levels could have beneficial effects, although further studies are required to fully understand the impact of the extracts and assayed doses on ROS levels to explain the mechanism that is involved in the observed effects

Good practice regarding smoking cessation management in Spain: Challenges and opportunities for primary care physicians and nurses

INTRODUCTION We analyze the activities carried out by primary care (PC) physicians and nurses with respect to smoking cessation and evaluate their self-reported training, knowledge, and behavior. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including 1514 PC physicians and nurses from June 2016 to March 2017, in Spain. The main variable was Good Practice (GP) in attention to smokers. To identify associated factors, a multilevel logistic regression model was used adjusted for sex, age, type of center, contract, years of employment, tobacco consumption, and self-reported training/knowledge. RESULTS Of the 792 physicians and 722 nurses, 48.6% referred to GP in smoking cessation management. The finding related to: being a non-smoker (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.5) or ex-smoker (OR= 1.4; 95% CI: 1.02-2.1), having a good level of knowledge (OR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4) and training (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.8-3.2), and, to a lesser extent, being female (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.03-1.7), and work experience >10 years (OR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.03-1.9). The main GP barriers were: lack of time (45.5%), organizational problems (48.4%), and 35.4% lack of training. CONCLUSIONS The GP of PC physicians and nurses regarding smoking cessation management is related to being non-smokers or ex-smokers, and having sufficient training and knowledge. Lack of time and organizational problems were considered to be the main barriers. The promotion of training activities in the Spanish National Health Service with the support of scientific societies is required

Marco activo de recursos de innovación docente: Madrid

Una guía de espacios e instituciones para actividades educativas complementarias en enseñanza secundaria y Formación Profesional

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

An Integrated View of the Effects of Wine Polyphenols and Their Relevant Metabolites on Gut and Host Health

Over the last few decades, polyphenols, and flavonoids in particular, have attracted the interest of researchers, as they have been associated with the health-promoting effects derived from diets rich in vegetables and fruits, including moderate wine consumption. Recent scientific evidence suggests that wine polyphenols exert their effects through interactions with the gut microbiota, as they seem to modulate microbiota and, at the same time, are metabolized by intestinal bacteria into specific bioavailable metabolites. Microbial metabolites are better absorbed than their precursors and may be responsible for positive health activities in the digestive system (local effects) and, after being absorbed, in tissues and organs (systemic effects). Differences in gut microbiota composition and functionality among individuals can affect polyphenol activity and, therefore, their health effects. The aim of this review is to integrate the understanding of the metabolism and mechanisms of action of wine polyphenols at both local and systemic levels, underlining their impact on the gut microbiome and the inter-individual variability associated with polyphenols’ metabolism and further physiological effects. The advent of promising dietary approaches linked to wine polyphenols beyond the gut microbiota community and metabolism are also discussed

Proyecto Útica. Investigación en la ciudad fenicio-púnica: informe preliminar de la campaña de excavación de 2019

Resultado de la campaña llevada a cabo en el yacimiento de Utica en el año 2019Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidade