1,467 research outputs found
The LOCATA challenge data corpus for acoustic source localization and tracking
Algorithms for acoustic source localization and tracking are essential for a wide range of applications such as personal assistants, smart homes, tele-conferencing systems, hearing aids, or autonomous systems. Numerous algorithms have been proposed for this purpose which, however, are not evaluated and compared against each other by using a common database so far. The IEEE-AASP Challenge on sound source localization and tracking (LOCATA) provides a novel, comprehensive data corpus for the objective benchmarking of state-of-the-art algorithms on sound source localization and tracking. The data corpus comprises six tasks ranging from the localization of a single static sound source with a static microphone array to the tracking of multiple moving speakers with a moving microphone array. It contains real-world multichannel audio recordings, obtained by hearing aids, microphones integrated in a robot head, a planar and a spherical microphone array in an enclosed acoustic environment as well as positional information about the involved arrays and sound sources represented by moving human talkers or static loudspeakers
The evolutionary history of new zealand deschampsia is marked by long-distance dispersal, endemism, and hybridization
The contrasting evolutionary histories of endemic versus related cosmopolitan species provide avenues to understand the spatial drivers and limitations of biodiversity. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of three New Zealand endemic Deschampsia species, and how they are related to cosmopolitan D. cespitosa. We used RADseq to test species delimitations, infer a dated species tree, and investigate gene flow patterns between the New Zealand endemics and the D. cespitosa populations of New Zealand, Australia and Korea. Whole plastid DNA analysis was performed on a larger worldwide sampling. Morphometrics of selected characters were applied to New Zealand sampling. Our RADseq review of over 55 Mbp showed the endemics as genetically well-defined from each other. Their last common ancestor with D. cespitosa lived during the last ten MY. The New Zealand D. cespitosa appears in a clade with Australian and Korean samples. Whole plastid DNA analysis revealed the endemics as members of a southern hemisphere clade, excluding the extant D. cespitosa of New Zealand. Both data provided strong evidence for hybridization between D. cespitosa and D. chapmanii. Our findings provide evidence for at least two migration events of the genus Deschampsia to New Zealand and hybridization between D. cespitosa and endemic taxa.Fil: Xue, Yali. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Greimler, Josef. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Paun, Ovidiu. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Ford, Kerry A.. Allan Herbarium; Nueva ZelandaFil: Barfuss, Michael H. J.. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Chiapella, Jorge Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin
The evolutionary history of new zealand deschampsia is marked by long-distance dispersal, endemism, and hybridization
The contrasting evolutionary histories of endemic versus related cosmopolitan species provide avenues to understand the spatial drivers and limitations of biodiversity. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of three New Zealand endemic Deschampsia species, and how they are related to cosmopolitan D. cespitosa. We used RADseq to test species delimitations, infer a dated species tree, and investigate gene flow patterns between the New Zealand endemics and the D. cespitosa populations of New Zealand, Australia and Korea. Whole plastid DNA analysis was performed on a larger worldwide sampling. Morphometrics of selected characters were applied to New Zealand sampling. Our RADseq review of over 55 Mbp showed the endemics as genetically well-defined from each other. Their last common ancestor with D. cespitosa lived during the last ten MY. The New Zealand D. cespitosa appears in a clade with Australian and Korean samples. Whole plastid DNA analysis revealed the endemics as members of a southern hemisphere clade, excluding the extant D. cespitosa of New Zealand. Both data provided strong evidence for hybridization between D. cespitosa and D. chapmanii. Our findings provide evidence for at least two migration events of the genus Deschampsia to New Zealand and hybridization between D. cespitosa and endemic taxa.Fil: Xue, Yali. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Greimler, Josef. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Paun, Ovidiu. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Ford, Kerry A.. Allan Herbarium; Nueva ZelandaFil: Barfuss, Michael H. J.. Universidad de Viena; AustriaFil: Chiapella, Jorge Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin
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Air Quality and Road Emission Results for Fort Stewart, Georgia
The Directorate of Public Works Environmental & Natural Resources Division (Fort Stewart /Hunter Army Airfield) contracted with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to monitor particulate matter (PM) concentrations on Fort Stewart, Georgia. The purpose of this investigation was to establish a PM sampling network using monitoring equipment typically used in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ''saturation sampling'', to determine air quality on the installation. In this initial study, the emphasis was on training-generated PM, not receptor PM loading. The majority of PM samples were 24-hr filter-based samples with sampling frequency ranging from every other day, to once every six days synchronized with the EPA 6th day national sampling schedule. Eight measurement sites were established and used to determine spatial variability in PM concentrations and evaluate whether fluctuations in PM appear to result from training activities and forest management practices on the installation. Data collected to date indicate the average installation PM2.5 concentration is lower than that of nearby urban Savannah, Georgia. At three sites near the installation perimeter, analyses to segregate PM concentrations by direction of air flow across the installation boundary indicate that air (below 80 ft) leaving the installation contains less PM2.5 than that entering the installation. This is reinforced by the observation that air near the ground is cleaner on average than the air at the top of the canopy
Phylogeny, Adaptive Radiation, and Historical Biogeography in Bromeliaceae: Insights from an Eight-Locus Plastid Phylogeny
Premise: Bromeliaceae form a large, ecologically diverse family of angiosperms native to the New World. We use a bromeliad phylogeny based on eight plastid regions to analyze relationships within the family, test a new, eight-subfamily classification, infer the chronology of bromeliad evolution and invasion of different regions, and provide the basis for future analyses of trait evolution and rates of diversification. Methods: We employed maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian approaches to analyze 9341 aligned bases for four outgroups and 90 bromeliad species representing 46 of 58 described genera. We calibrate the resulting phylogeny against time using penalized likelihood applied to a monocot-wide tree based on plastid ndhF sequences and use it to analyze patterns of geographic spread using parsimony, Bayesian inference, and the program S-DIVA. Results: Bromeliad subfamilies are related to each other as follows: (Brocchinioideae, (Lindmanioideae, (Tillandsioideae, (Hechtioideae, (Navioideae, (Pitcairnioideae, (Puyoideae, Bromelioideae))))))). Bromeliads arose in the Guayana Shield ca. 100 million years ago (Ma), spread centrifugally in the New World beginning ca. 16-13 Ma, and dispersed to West Africa ca. 9.3 Ma. Modern lineages began to diverge from each other roughly 19 Ma. Conclusions: Nearly two-thirds of extant bromeliads belong to two large radiations: the core tillandsioids, originating in the Andes ca. 14.2 Ma, and the Brazilian Shield bromelioids, originating in the Serro do Mar and adjacent regions ca. 9.1 Ma
Earth system modeling with endogenous and dynamic human societies: the copan:CORE open World-Earth modeling framework
Analysis of Earth system dynamics in the Anthropocene requires to explicitly
take into account the increasing magnitude of processes operating in human
societies, their cultures, economies and technosphere and their growing
feedback entanglement with those in the physical, chemical and biological
systems of the planet. However, current state-of-the-art Earth System Models do
not represent dynamic human societies and their feedback interactions with the
biogeophysical Earth system and macroeconomic Integrated Assessment Models
typically do so only with limited scope. This paper (i) proposes design
principles for constructing World-Earth Models (WEM) for Earth system analysis
of the Anthropocene, i.e., models of social (World) - ecological (Earth)
co-evolution on up to planetary scales, and (ii) presents the copan:CORE open
simulation modeling framework for developing, composing and analyzing such WEMs
based on the proposed principles. The framework provides a modular structure to
flexibly construct and study WEMs. These can contain biophysical (e.g. carbon
cycle dynamics), socio-metabolic/economic (e.g. economic growth) and
socio-cultural processes (e.g. voting on climate policies or changing social
norms) and their feedback interactions, and are based on elementary entity
types, e.g., grid cells and social systems. Thereby, copan:CORE enables the
epistemic flexibility needed for contributions towards Earth system analysis of
the Anthropocene given the large diversity of competing theories and
methodologies used for describing socio-metabolic/economic and socio-cultural
processes in the Earth system by various fields and schools of thought. To
illustrate the capabilities of the framework, we present an exemplary and
highly stylized WEM implemented in copan:CORE that illustrates how endogenizing
socio-cultural processes and feedbacks could fundamentally change macroscopic
model outcomes
Elemental Topological Insulator with a Tunable Fermi Level: Strained \alpha-Sn on InSb(001)
We report on the epitaxial fabrication and electronic properties of a
topological phase in strained \alpha-Sn on InSb. The topological surface state
forms in the presence of an unusual band order not based on direct spin-orbit
coupling, as shown in density functional and GW slab-layer calculations.
Angle-resolved photoemission including spin detection probes experimentally how
the topological spin-polarized state emerges from the second bulk valence band.
Moreover, we demonstrate the precise control of the Fermi level by dopants.Comment: version 2 with supplementary informatio
Effect of gadolinium adatoms on the transport properties of graphene
The electrical transport properties of graphene doped with gadolinium (Gd) adatoms have been measured. The gate voltage dependence of the conductivity shows that Gd produces n doping of graphene. The charged Gd ions act as scattering centers, lowering the sample mobility for both electrons and holes. The doping efficiency of Gd at 77 K reproduces theoretical predictions (0.7 electron per Gd adatom). On raising the sample temperature to even 150 K, clustering effects are observed and substantially modify the transport
Measurements of differential cross sections of Z/gamma*+jets+X events in proton anti-proton collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV
We present cross section measurements for Z/gamma*+jets+X production,
differential in the transverse momenta of the three leading jets. The data
sample was collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron proton
anti-proton collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV and corresponds to
an integrated luminosity of 1 fb-1. Leading and next-to-leading order
perturbative QCD predictions are compared with the measurements, and agreement
is found within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties. We also make
comparisons with the predictions of four event generators. Two
parton-shower-based generators show significant shape and normalization
differences with respect to the data. In contrast, two generators combining
tree-level matrix elements with a parton shower give a reasonable description
of the the shapes observed in data, but the predicted normalizations show
significant differences with respect to the data, reflecting large scale
uncertainties. For specific choices of scales, the normalizations for either
generator can be made to agree with the measurements.Comment: Published in PLB. 11 pages, 3 figure
Measurement of the B0_s semileptonic branching ratio to an orbitally excited D_s** state, Br(B0_s -> Ds1(2536) mu nu)
In a data sample of approximately 1.3 fb-1 collected with the D0 detector
between 2002 and 2006, the orbitally excited charm state D_s1(2536) has been
observed with a measured mass of 2535.7 +/- 0.6 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst) MeV via
the decay mode B0_s -> D_s1(2536) mu nu X. A first measurement is made of the
branching ratio product Br(b(bar) -> D_s1(2536) mu nu X).Br(D_s1(2536)->D*
K0_S). Assuming that D_s1(2536) production in semileptonic decay is entirely
from B0_s, an extraction of the semileptonic branching ratio Br(B0_s ->
D_s1(2536) mu nu X) is made.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX, version with minor changes as accepted by
Phys. Rev. Let
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