A BIOMASSA FLORESTAL (LENHA) COMO INSUMO ENERGÉTICO PARA OS ARTESÃOS DA CIDADE DE TRACUNHAÉM/PE

Situado na Zona da Mata pernambucana, o município de Tracunhaém tem como principal atividade econômica a cerâmica artesanal. A arte ceramista do município conta com renomados artistas, o que faz da cidade um dos maiores centros de excelência na arte da modelagem do barro no país. Pernambuco abriga parte de dois biomas importantíssimos para a biodiversidade do planeta, a Mata Atlântica e a Caatinga, apresenta preocupante estado de degradação ambiental.Os impactos variam desde pequenos focos de desmatamentos, até áreas em processo de desertificação. Este trabalho analisa a demanda por biomassa florestal pelos artesãos de Tracunhaém, em Pernambuco. As atividades desenvolvidas pelos artesãos apresentam um grande potencial impactante, pois além de utilizarem a argila para a confecção de seus produtos, utilizam também a madeira como matriz energética, o que os faz merecer uma atenção especial no campo da pesquisa. Através de um acompanhamento sistemático, novas alternativas tecnológicas podem ser desenvolvidas no campo da produção florestal sustentada, que, embasada em uma política eficiente, pode abrir espaço para a implantação de pólos silviculturais não só para abastecimento dos fornos, mas, também, de outros empreendimentos, que ofereçam demanda por produtos florestais. Os dados nos permitem afirmar que no ano de 1998, os artesãos consumiram 1.235 m³ de lenha. Além do que, no período de realização da pesquisa, existiam 32 fornos a lenha em atividade, para apenas um forno elétrico. Com relação à quantidade de lenha utilizada por mês, verificou-se que cada forno consome em média 5,67 st/mês, fazendo com que o setor apresente uma demanda total mensal de 181,5 st/mês Esta pesquisa constatou que a cidade de Tracunhaém tem por tradição a utilização de carvão vegetal para alimentação dos fornos das cerâmicas, esta atividade provocou uma drástica redução na vegetação local e tende a se agravar, caso medidas urgentes não sejam viabilizadas.----------------------------------------------Situated in the Zone of the bush of Pernambuco state, the city of Tracunhaém has as main economic activity the artisan ceramics. The ceramist art of the city counts on famous artists, what it makes of city one of the biggest centers of excellency in the art of the modeling of clay in the country. At the moment, the State of Pernambuco shelters part of the two very important ecosystem for the biodiversity of the planet, the Atlantic tropical forest and the Caatinga, which presents a serious state of environmental degradation, where the impacts vary since small areas of deforestations, until areas in process of desertification. This work intends to analyze the demand for forest biomass for the craftsmen of the city of Tracunhaém, in Pernambuco state. The activities developed for the craftsmen of the city of Tracunhaém present a great potential impact, therefore besides using the clay for the confection of its products, they also use the wood as first source of energy, what it makes them to deserve a special attention in the field of the research, therefore through a systematic accompaniment, new technological alternatives can be developed, mainly in the field of the supported forest production, that duly based in one efficient politics, can also open space for the implantation of forest projects in these regions, that not only aim at the supplying of the ovens of the craftsmen of the locality in study, but, of other enterprises, that due the its peculiarities, also offer demand for forest products. The data in allow them assure that in the year of 1998, the craftsmen had consumed 1,235 m³ of firewood. Beside, in the period of accomplishment of the research, there were 32 ovens using the firewood in activity, for only one electric oven. With relation to the amount of firewood used for month, it was verified that each oven consumes in average 5,67 st/month, making with that the sector presents a monthly total demand of 181,5 st/month. This research evidenced that the city of Tracunhaém has for tradition the use of vegetal coal by the ovens of ceramics, this activity provoked a drastic reduction in the local vegetation and it tends to aggravate, if urgent measure will not taken in account.Biomassa florestal, artesão, consumo de lenha, energia renovável, Forest biomass, craftsman, consumption of firewood, renewable energy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Constituents of Ipomoea horrida Humber ex ducke: spectroscopic identification of the flavonoids

As part of a systematic investigation of the Ipomoea species of Northeastern Brazil, a mixture of 7,4'-di­O-methylkaempferol and 7,3',4'-tri-O­methylquercetin were identified in extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Ipomoea horrida

Tannins, Peptic Ulcers and Related Mechanisms

This review of the current literature aims to study correlations between the chemical structure and gastric anti-ulcer activity of tannins. Tannins are used in medicine primarily because of their astringent properties. These properties are due to the fact that tannins react with the tissue proteins with which they come into contact. In gastric ulcers, this tannin-protein complex layer protects the stomach by promoting greater resistance to chemical and mechanical injury or irritation. Moreover, in several experimental models of gastric ulcer, tannins have been shown to present antioxidant activity, promote tissue repair, exhibit anti Helicobacter pylori effects, and they are involved in gastrointestinal tract anti-inflammatory processes. The presence of tannins explains the anti-ulcer effects of many natural products

SLP Seed Grants 1

Seed Grants are funded with programme-attributed funds. Their purpose is to support researchers and their partners during the crucial initial planning and consultation phases needed to develop larger project proposals. Allocated on a competitive basis, once the proposals are finalized, the consortia are supported to obtain project restricted funding

Effects of hecogenin and its possible mechanism of action on experimental models of gastric ulcer in mice

This study investigates the gastroprotective effects of hecogenin, a steroid saponin isolated from Agave sisalana, on experimental models of gastric ulcer. Male Swiss mice were used in the models of ethanol-and indometacin-induced gastric ulcer. To clarify the hecogenin mechanism of action, the roles of nitric oxide (NO), sulfhydryls (GSH), K-ATP(+) channels and prostaglandins were also investigated, and measurements of lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay) and nitrite levels in the stomach of hecogenin-treated and untreated animals were performed. Furthermore, the effects of hecogenin on myeloperoxidase (MPO) release from human neutrophils were assessed in vitro. Our results showed that hecogenin (3.1, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) acutely administered, before ethanol or indomethacin, exhibited a potent gastroprotective effect. Although the pretreatments with L-NAME, an iNOS inhibitor, and capsazepine, a TRPV1 receptor agonist, were not able to reverse the hecogenin effect, this was reversed by glibenclamide, a K-ATP(+) blocker, and indomethacin in the model of ethanol-induced gastric lesions. the hecogenin pretreatment normalized GSH levels and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels in the stomach, as evaluated by the ethanol-induced gastric lesion model. the drug alone increased COX-2 expression and this effect was further enhanced in the presence of ethanol. It also decreased MPO release and significantly protected the gastric mucosa. in conclusion, we showed that hecogenin presents a significant gastroprotective effect that seems to be mediated by K-ATP(+) channels opening and the COX-2/PG pathway. in addition, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may play a role in the gastroprotective drug effect. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Dept Pharm, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, BR-58100000 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Dept Morphol, BR-60431270 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pharmacol, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Caulerpa mexicana Suppress Cell Migration and Ear Edema Induced by Inflammatory Agents

The regulation of the inflammatory response is essential to maintaining homeostasis. Several studies have investigated new drugs that may contribute to avoiding or minimizing excessive inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of green algae Caulerpa mexicana on models inflammation. In mice, the inflammatory peritonitis model is induced by zymosan. Previous treatment of mice with aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. mexicana was able to suppress the cell migration to the peritoneal cavity, in a time-dependent but not in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of mice with C. mexicana extracts also decreased the xylene-induced ear edema, exerting strong inhibitory leukocyte migration elicited by zymosan into the air pouch. We concluded that administration of the extracts resulted in a reduction of cell migration to different sites as well as a decrease in edema formation induced by chemical irritants. This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts from the green marine algae Caulerpa mexicana

Incidence and risk factors for Preeclampsia in a cohort of healthy nulliparous pregnant women: a nested case-control study

The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, socio-demographic and clinical risk factors for preeclampsia and associated maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. This is a nested case-control derived from the multicentre cohort study Preterm SAMBA, in five different centres in Brazil, with nulliparous healthy pregnant women. Clinical data were prospectively collected, and risk factors were assessed comparatively between PE cases and controls using risk ratio (RR) (95% CI) plus multivariate analysis. Complete data were available for 1,165 participants. The incidence of preeclampsia was 7.5%. Body mass index determined at the first medical visit and diastolic blood pressure over 75 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation were independently associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. Women with preeclampsia sustained a higher incidence of adverse maternal outcomes, including C-section (3.5 fold), preterm birth below 34 weeks of gestation (3.9 fold) and hospital stay longer than 5 days (5.8 fold) than controls. They also had worse perinatal outcomes, including lower birthweight (a mean 379 g lower), small for gestational age babies (RR 2.45 [1.52-3.95]), 5-minute Apgar score less than 7 (RR 2.11 [1.03-4.29]), NICU admission (RR 3.34 [1.61-6.9]) and Neonatal Near Miss (3.65 [1.78-7.49]). Weight gain rate per week, obesity and diastolic blood pressure equal to or higher than 75 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation were shown to be associated with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia also led to a higher number of C-sections and prolonged hospital admission, in addition to worse neonatal outcomes9CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ401636/2013-5Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationGates Foundation [OPP1107597]; CNPqNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [401636/2013-5

Assistência de enfermagem na depressão pós-parto na atenção primária à saúde: revisão de literatura / Nursing care in postpartum depression in primary health care: literature review

A depressão pós-parto é considerado um problema de saúde pública. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar o conhecimento acumulado na literatura sobre a assistência de enfermagem na prevenção e no acompanhamento da depressão pós-parto na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, com caráter exploratório e abordagem qualitativa. Baseado em estudos publicados nos últimos 05 anos, nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados da Enfermagem (BDENF) e ScientifcElectronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando-se a estratégia de busca os Descritores de Ciências da saúde (DeSC). Foram encontrados 11 artigos e após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão foram selecionados 7. Após a leitura na íntegra dos textos a amostra final foi de 4 artigos. Os artigos relatam que a atuação do enfermeiro na prevenção e acompanhamento da depressão pós-parto normalmente volta-se criação de vinculo e acolhimento durante a consulta de pré-natal, utilização da escala depressão pós-parto de Edimburgo (EDPS), realização de grupo de gestante e de visita domiciliar. Identificou-se também que o conhecimento sobre a DPP ainda é insuficiente entre os enfermeiros. Assim, é de fundamental importância que profissional de enfermagem adquira conhecimento sobre a depressão pós-parto para facilitar a identificação e agir de forma rápida evitando prejuízos futuro

Applying the Maternal Near Miss Approach for the Evaluation of Quality of Obstetric Care: A Worked Example from a Multicenter Surveillance Study

Objective. To assess quality of care of women with severe maternal morbidity and to identify associated factors. Method. This is a national multicenter cross-sectional study performing surveillance for severe maternal morbidity, using the World Health Organization criteria. the expected number of maternal deaths was calculated with the maternal severity index (MSI) based on the severity of complication, and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for each center was estimated. Analyses on the adequacy of care were performed. Results. 17 hospitals were classified as providing adequate and 10 as nonadequate care. Besides almost twofold increase in maternal mortality ratio, the main factors associated with nonadequate performance were geographic difficulty in accessing health services (P < 0.001), delays related to quality of medical care (P = 0.012), absence of blood derivatives (P = 0.013), difficulties of communication between health services (P = 0.004), and any delay during the whole process (P = 0.039). Conclusions. This is an example of how evaluation of the performance of health services is possible, using a benchmarking tool specific to Obstetrics. in this study the MSI was a useful tool for identifying differences in maternal mortality ratios and factors associated with nonadequate performance of care.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Sch Med Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, BR-13083881 Campinas, SP, BrazilCtr Res Reprod Hlth Campinas Cemicamp, BR-13083888 Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilSch Med Sci, CISAM, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Geral Cesar Cals, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilHosp Geral Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilMaternidade Odete Valadares, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilHosp Materno Infantil, Goiania, Go, BrazilInst Materno Infantil Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilUniv Fed Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, BR-58059900 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilHosp Maternidade Fernando Magalhaes, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Maternidade Celso Pierro, Campinas, SP, BrazilInst Fernandes Figueira Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilUniv State São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, BrazilJundiai Sch Med, Jundiai, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilSanta Casa Limeira, Limeira, SP, BrazilSanta Casa Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilMaternidade Leonor Mendes de Barros, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilCNPq: 402702/2008-5Web of Scienc

Impactos positivos na sobrevida dos pacientes transplantados / Positive impact on survival of transplant patients

O transplante de órgãos é procedimento cirúrgico de grande relevância para aumentar a sobrevida de pacientes que precisam de um órgão novo. Entretanto, uma das principais dificuldades encontradas no processo de doação de órgãos é a deficiência de educação continuada específica para doação por parte da população e dos profissionais de saúde. Isso, resulta na negação da doação de órgãos por parte dos familiares. Por esse motivo, essa revisão da literatura busca abordar as principais dificuldades relacionada a autorização do transplante, bem como o impacto positivo que essa cirurgia tem em aumentar a sobrevida dos paciente