A lei babaçu livre como estratégia de proteção do patrimônio cultural das quebradeiras de coco do norte do Brasil

This research aims to analyze the Free Babassu Law as a strategy to preserve the cultural heritage of babassu nut breakers in Northern Brazil. During the study it was possible to analyze the conception of different authors, who have understood the Law as a pioneering strategy of a new right, which aims to overcome the right to property. And has collaborated with the emergence of the rights from below (buen vivir - vivir bien), originating from the pre- Columbian indigenous people. The Free Babassu Law was analyzed as a phenomenon that aims to promote legal pluralism and bring legal and social awareness to legislative processes. The stories and achievements involving the quest for preservation and free access to babassu groves are highlighted, covering land conflicts in northern Brazil since the 1970s, a fact that motivated women extractivists and rural workers to organize themselves to defend their interests against the state and landowners until the present. It presents the difficulty that women babassu nut breakers have in promoting the enforcement of the Law after its approval, and their articulations with the Judiciary and environmental agencies to restrain those who do not respect the Law. The study concludes that the major obstacle is to achieve the common usufruct and free access to babassu groves on private lands, since property rights coexist with cultural rights. The methodology has a descriptive and analytical character, based on bibliographies and documents surveyed in the collections of the Federal House of Representatives and the Legislative Assemblies of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Pará. Thus, the work has as its main sources Laws and Bills of Laws (PLs), which have passed and are still passing through the legislative sphere in search of approval. Other sources, such as court decisions taken from the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) and the Maranhão State Court of Justice (TJMA), show that after the approval of the Laws the struggles for their effectiveness and execution continue, because groups whose interests diverge from the legal norm do not respect it. Finally, this study contributes to the scientific collection, bringing new perspectives about the Free Babassu Law and new possibilities of safeguarding the cultural heritage of this community, helping other minority and traditional Brazilian communities to understand their role in society, giving them the knowledge base to seek legal protection of their memories, practices, identities, and means of subsistence, contributing to the promotion of respect for cultural diversity.A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar a Lei Babaçu Livre como estratégia de preservação do patrimônio cultural das quebradeiras de coco babaçu do Norte do Brasil. No decorrer do estudo foi possível analisar a concepção de diferentes autores, que compreenderam que a Lei como uma estratégia pioneira de um novo direito, que visa ultrapassar o direito de propriedade. E tem colaborado com o surgimento dos direitos de baixo (buen vivir - vivir bien), originados dos indígenas pré-colombianos. A Lei Babaçu Livre foi analisada como um fenômeno que visa promover o pluralismo jurídico e trazer consciência jurídica e social para os processos legislativos. As histórias e as conquistas que envolvem a busca pela preservação e o acesso livre aos babaçuais ganha destaque, abrangendo os conflitos de terras no norte do Brasil desde a década de 1970, fato que motivou mulheres extrativistas e trabalhadoras rurais a se organizarem para defenderem seus interesses frente ao Estado e aos proprietários rurais até o presente. Apresenta a dificuldade das quebradeiras de coco em promover a execução da Lei após aprovação, e suas articulações em busca do Poder Judiciário e órgãos ambientais visando conter aqueles que não respeitam a Lei. O estudo conclui que o grande obstáculo é alcançar o usufruto comum e o livre acesso dos babaçuais em terras privadas, pois o direito de propriedade coexiste com o direito cultural. A metodologia tem caráter descritivo e analítico, baseado em bibliografias e documentos levantados nos acervos da Câmara dos Deputados Federais, nas Assembleias Legislativas dos Estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Pará. Assim, o trabalho tem como fontes principais Leis e Projetos de Leis (PLs), que tramitaram e ainda estão tramitando na esfera legislativa em busca de aprovação. Outras fontes como decisões judiciais retiradas do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) e do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Maranhão (TJMA) demonstram qe após a aprovação das Leis as lutas pela efetividade e execução das mesmas continuam, pois, grupos cujos interesses divergem da norma jurídica não a respeitam. Por fim, este estudo contribui com o acervo científico, trazendo novas perspectivas quanto a Lei Babaçu Livre e novas possibilidades de salvaguardar o patrimônio cultural desta comunidade, auxiliando outras comunidades minoritárias e tradicionais brasileiras a compreenderem seu papel na sociedade, dando base de conhecimento para buscarem a proteção jurídica de suas memórias, práticas e identidades e meios de subsistência, contribuindo na promoção do respeito à diversidade cultural

IMPORTÂNCIA DE BACTÉRIAS PROMOTORAS DE CRESCIMENTO E DE BIOCONTROLE DE DOENÇAS DE PLANTAS PARA UMA AGRICULTURA SUSTENTÁVEL

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are epiphytic or endophytic resident, non agents. Their beneficial effects may be observed in “in vitro” propagated plants and also “exvitro” mainly through the increase of foliar area, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number anddry matter, reduction of the acclimation time, higher plant survival, disease biocontrol andhigher yield. The endophytic PGPR has great potential and practical use. The main PGPRutilized in agriculture are species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Streptomyces, Rhizobium,Bradyrhizobium, Acetobacter and Herbaspirilum, Agrobacterium radiobacter and Enterobacter cloacae, amongothers. This review discusses problems and solutions related to research on this importantgroup of bacteria aiming to maximize food production maintaining the ecological balance.As bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP) são residentes epifíticas ouendofiticas, não patogênicas, que atuam diretamente promovendo o crescimento ouindiretamente como agentes de controle biológico de doenças de plantas. Os efeitos benéficosdas BPCP podem ser observados em plantas propagadas “in vitro” e “ex vitro” principalmentepelo aumento de área foliar, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas e matériaseca, redução do tempo de aclimatização, maior sobrevivência de mudas, controle de doençase aumento de produtividade. As BPCP endofíticas têm grande potencialidade e praticabilidadede uso. As principais BPCP empregadas na agricultura são espécies de Pseudomonas, Bacillus,Burkholderia, Streptomyces, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Acetobacter e Herbaspirilum, Agrobacteriumradiobacter e Enterobacter cloacae, entre outras. Nesta revisão são discutidos os problemas e soluçõesrelacionadas à pesquisa deste importante grupo de bactérias visando a maximização da produçãode alimentos com manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico

Effects of Antibiotics on Impacted Aquatic Environment Microorganisms

Due to their mass production and intense consumption in human medicine, veterinary, and aquaculture, antibiotics have been widely detected in different ecosystems, leading to a growing worldwide concern. These and their byproducts are being continuously discarded in natural ecosystems via excretion of human and animal urine and feces, also domestic and hospital effluents. Residues of these drugs can persist in natural environments through bioaccumulation due to their difficult biodegradation. Also, they have a gradual deposition in sediments, aquatic surfaces, and groundwater. Studies have shown the presence of these drugs in aquatic environments, which can trigger severe changes in the composition and structure of the bacterial community, such as the ability to develop and propagate genes resistant to these pollutants. In this context, this review aims to address the effects of the antibiotics on microorganisms present in impacted aquatic environments

"HPV NAS CONDIÇÕES CLÍNICAS DENTRO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA, COM EVIDÊNCIAS EM CÂNCER DO COLO DO ÚTERO"

Cervical cancer is one of the main causes of death in women in Brazil, including those in the city of Salvador. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the main risk factors for the development of this type of cancer and clinical conditions. Immunization against HPV stands out as an efficient preventive measure in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. This article explores the importance of HPV vaccination as a strategy for preventing cervical cancer, specifically among women in Salvador. We discuss the epidemiology of cervical cancer in the context of Salvador and the socioeconomic factors that may influence availability and adherence to vaccination. Furthermore, we address the different types of immunizations available, their safety and efficacy profile. Awareness about HPV vaccination is crucial, as many women in Salvador may not be fully informed about its benefits in preventing cervical cancer. We suggest health education strategies, including information campaigns aimed at schools, health units and local communities. Collaboration between public health authorities and medical institutions is also important to improve access and vaccination coverage, especially among the most vulnerable populations. In conclusion, immunization against HPV represents a valuable tool in the fight against cervical cancer in Salvador. Through increased awareness, easier access and adequate health education, it is possible to significantly reduce the incidence of this cancer among women in Salvador, promoting an improvement in quality of life and public health in general.O câncer do colo do útero é uma das principais causas de morte em mulheres no Brasil, incluindo aquelas da cidade de Salvador. A infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é um dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento desse tipo de câncer e condições clínicas. A imunização contra o HPV se destaca como uma medida preventiva eficiente na redução da incidência do câncer do colo do útero. Este artigo explora a importância da vacinação do HPV como estratégia de prevenção do câncer do colo do útero, especificamente entre as mulheres soteropolitanas. Discutimos a epidemiologia do câncer do colo do útero no contexto de Salvador e os fatores socioeconômicos que podem influenciar a disponibilidade e adesão à vacinação. Além disso, abordamos os diferentes tipos de imunizantes disponíveis, seu perfil de segurança e eficácia. A conscientização sobre a vacinação do HPV é crucial, já que muitas mulheres soteropolitanas podem não estar completamente informadas sobre seus benefícios na prevenção do câncer do colo do útero. Sugerimos estratégias de educação em saúde, incluindo campanhas de informação direcionadas a escolas, unidades de saúde e comunidades locais. Também é importante a colaboração entre autoridades de saúde pública e instituições médicas para melhorar o acesso e a cobertura vacinal, principalmente entre as populações mais vulneráveis. Em conclusão, a imunização contra o HPV representa uma ferramenta valiosa na luta contra o câncer do colo do útero em Salvador. Por meio do aumento da conscientização, acesso facilitado e educação em saúde adequada, é possível reduzir significativamente a incidência desse câncer entre as mulheres soteropolitanas, promovendo uma melhoria na qualidade de vida e na saúde pública em geral

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Qualidade de vida de quem cuida de portadores de demência com corpos de Lewy

INTRODUÇÃO: Cuidar de portadores de demência pode provocar impacto na qualidade de vida dos familiares. OBJETIVO: Verificar a qualidade de vida de familiares que cuidam de portadores de demência com corpos de Lewy (DCL). MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, realizado com 90 familiares de portadores de DCL atendidos em hospital universitário de Goiânia/GO (Brasil), que responderam ao instrumento de avaliação de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-BREF. RESULTADOS: Os entrevistados eram 53,3% homens, na maioria casados e com ensino médio de escolaridade, com idade média de 47,4 ± 13,8 anos e média de tempo como cuidador de 13,9 ± 9,3 meses. O domínio Meio Ambiente obteve maior média (26,92 ± 5,88) e o Psicológico (19,66 ± 4,32) e Relação social (9,84 ± 2,18), as menores. A média dos domínios foi influenciada pelo sexo e pelo tempo que o familiar era cuidador. CONCLUSÃO: Atenção especial deve ser dada às alterações na saúde do cuidador, para que ele não se torne um "paciente oculto" e incapaz de lidar com as demandas do portador de DCL. O conhecimento das especificidades e compreensão dos sintomas da patologia auxiliam na adequação dos recursos pessoais para enfrentar as alterações comportamentais, apontadas como o fator mais impactante na vida do cuidador