Artrodesis del raquis cervical por vía anterior con placa atornillada: criterios para la selección del implante

El propósito de esta revisión es analizar el mecanismo de acción de las placas utilizadas en la artrodesis instrumentada del raquis cervical por vía anterior, con el fin de llegar a un criterio que sirva para seleccionar aquella que sea más adecuada para cada tipo de patología. Se identifican cinco tipos de placas cuyo factor diferencial es la relación mecánica entre el tornillo y el orificio de la placa. Con este criterio se consideran cinco tipos de placa: 1º la de interfaz tornillo-placa libre, 2º las de interfaz TP rígida, 3º las de interfaz TP semirrígida, 4º las de interfaz TP dinámica con desplazamiento vertical del tornillo y 5º las de interfaz TP dinámica con desplazamiento vertical y angular del tornillo. Se esquematiza el mecanismo de ajuste de la reconstrucción ante la carga, analizando las formas de fracaso mecánico en cada caso. Se clasifica la patología cervical en lesiones que afectan a un sólo nivel o a varios niveles y, en cada caso, se separan las reconstrucciones estables de las potencialmente inestables. Para tratar cada tipo de lesión se recomienda el tipo de palca que se considera más adecuado en función del mecanismo de actuación descrito.The purpose of the present study is to assess the biomechanical properties of fixation plates used for anterior arthrodesis of the cervical spine to define the most indicated model for each pathology. Five types of plate differentiate in the mechanics between of the interface between the screw and the plate: 1. The interface free screw-plate, 2. Rigid S-P interface, 3, Semi-rigid S-P interface, 4, Dynamic T-P interface with vertical displacement of the screw and 5. Dynamic T-P interface with angular displacement of the screw. The adjustment under load mechanism and failure modes are analysed for every case. Cervical pathology is classifies in lesions affecting one level and those affecting more than one level and, for every case, reconstructions are defined as stable and potentially unstable. For each type of lesion there is a recommendation to use one of the five types of reconstruction plate

Toma de decisiones en la traducción de canciones: una visión de la traducción al español de la canción de David Bowie «Space Oddity»

Theoretical background on the topic of ‘song translation’ shows complexity in the approach and difficulty in achieving solid singable translations, particularly in canonized songs, without reducing their original values. In this article, the issues to tackle and decisions to make are classified in a 3-level scheme. That model is applied to a corpus of Romance language translations of David Bowie’s ‘Space Oddity’ song lyrics, after analyzing the original song. Particular focus is put on singable ‘proper’ translations into Spanish. The results show the consequences of different choices at each level in the translatological characteristics of the final product.Los fundamentos teóricos del tema «traducción de canciones» ponen de manifiesto la complejidad en el enfoque y la dificultad de lograr traducciones cantables consistentes, especialmente de canciones emblemáticas, sin que se modifiquen sus valores originales. En el presente artículo, las cuestiones a abordar y las decisiones a tomar se clasifican en un esquema de tres niveles. Dicho modelo se aplica a un corpus de traducciones en lenguas romances de la letra de la canción de David Bowie «Space Oddity»,una vez analizada la canción original. Se pone especial atención en las traducciones al español que sean cantables. Los resultados muestran las consecuencias de las diversas opciones en cada nivel en las características traductológicas del producto final

Geochemical evolution of groundwater in an evaporite karst system: Brujuelo area (Jaén, Spain)

Chemical evolution of groundwater along two main flowpaths was studied in Brujuelo area, an evaporite plateau characterized by the presence of wetlands and drained by hyper-saline springs. Major ions were analyzed, saturation indexes of the main mineral species were computed, and inverse geochemical modeling was performed. Results show a relationship between elevation and water mineralization, indicating that drainage at higher altitude (brackish water) may be associated to gravity-driven flows while lower altitude springs could drain regional groundwater flows (brine water). Modeling results strongly support the hypothesis that most of the selected springs geochemically evolve in a common (S-N) flowpath.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Gold nanoparticles modification with liquid crystalline polybenzylic dendrons via 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition

A series of six polybenzylic dendrons with an alkynyl focal point were synthesized for their incorporation to gold nanoparticles. Five of these compounds showed columnar mesomorphism in a wide range of temperatures. These dendrons were reacted with gold nanoparticles stabilized with a combination of a dodecanethiol and 11-azidoundecane-1-thiol. The azido group of the last compound allowed the functionalization of the nanoparticles with the six polybenzylic dendrons by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between their alkynyl groups and the terminal azido groups of the thiols. A high efficiency of the cycloaddition process (47–69%) was confirmed by several experimental techniques and no decomposition or aggregation phenomena were detected in the dendron-coated nanoparticles. The involved mechanism and the resulting percentage composition of the final materials are discussed. The results of the ulterior growth of the nanoparticles by thermal treatment are influenced by the size and the shape of the dendron and the temperature of the process. The structures of the final nanoparticles were investigated by TEM, DSC, TGA, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. These nanoparticles do not show liquid crystal properties. However, a melting process between a crystalline and a fluid phase is observed. In the solid phase, the nanomaterials prepared show a short-range interaction between nanoparticles with a 2D local hexagonal order. A near-field effect was observed in the UV-vis spectra by coupling of different surface plasmon resonance bands (SPR) probably due to the short-range interactions. The main novelty of this work lies in the scarcity of previous studies of gold nanoparticles coated with dendrons forming themselves columnar mesophases. Most of the studies reported in the literature deal with gold nanoparticles coated with calamitic mesogens. Additionally, the effect of the thermal treatment, which in a previous paper was shown to increase the mean size of the nanoparticles without increasing their size polydispersity, has been studied in these materials

Preliminary study of the impact of Guadalhorce river mouth channeling (Málaga, Spain) on groundwater and related wetlands

Se trata de resultados preliminares que se están obteniendo en el Bajo Guadalhorce, en el marco de la tesis doctoral del primer firmanteIn riverine areas, many anthropogenic actions (modification of natural water courses, burying or channeling works, etc.) have been commonly applied worldwide to prevent floods in rivers, having negative environmental impacts on their dependent ecosystems. In the Guadalhorce River mouth (Málaga, Southern Spain), channeling works -including the splitting of the main channel into two branches before arriving to the sea- were conducted to reduce the flood risk in the surrounding urbanized areas near to the Mediterranean coast. In the framework of the monitoring program of the Guadalhorce Delta Wetlands, located between the branches of the ending river stretch, measurements of electrical conductivity in wetland water and groundwater table were performed, as well as the sampling of both water types. The results show a progressive increasing in the mineralization of wetland water, reaching values 50 times higher than the original ones. In the underlying aquifers, the mineralization of groundwater is generally less variable and lower than the recorded in the eighties and nineties, when a salt intrusion episode occurred. Before the river channel modification, the water flow from the aquifer to the wetlands and toward the river in its mouth was deduced. Today, the wetlands recharge locally the Quaternary aquifer and, consequently, induce the groundwater flow towards the both branches of the river and Mediterranean Sea. The variation of the morphodynamics in the Guadalhorce River mouth and the associated changes in land use have caused significant impacts on ground and surface water and their dependent wetlands.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Negotiating conventions and creating community: the case of Cartoon and European animation

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in "Journal of Economic Geography" following peer review. The version of record "Cole, A.; Barberá Tomás, JD. (2014). Negotiating conventions and creating community: the case of Cartoon and European animation. Journal of Economic Geography. 14(5):973-993." is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu025This article examines the processes of negotiation and institution building through which transnational networks of learning are fashioned. It does so by examining the case of the European animation industry and the activity of an association, Cartoon, which facilitated the development of common conventions supporting cooperation and learning in this industry. The case draws attention to how issues of institutional context can frustrate collaboration and limit the scope of learning; simultaneously, it illustrates interventions that permitted the negotiation between situated and context-specific understandings on the one hand and the development of shared understandings and common conventions for action within the industry on the other. In sum, the article sheds light on the institutional work required to mobilize situated forms of knowledge and the important bridging functions that institutional entrepreneurs can play in this process.Cole, A.; Barberá Tomás, JD. (2014). Negotiating conventions and creating community: the case of Cartoon and European animation. Journal of Economic Geography. 14(5):973-993. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbu025S973993145Santisteban, M. A. (2006). Business Systems and Cluster Policies in the Basque Country and Catalonia (1990–2004). European Urban and Regional Studies, 13(1), 25-39. doi:10.1177/0969776406059227Amin, A. 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Normales climáticas en el observatorio de la Universitat Jaume I (2003-2006)

L’article presenta una anàlisi dels registres de l’Observatori Universitari des de 2003, una completa estació Casella, model Cell, que aporta valors de radiació solar, temperatures, precipitacions, pressió atmosfèrica, humitat relativa, evaporació i règim de vents. Alhora, compara els resultats amb l’observatori de l’INM, siti a Almassora, que aporta la mitjana climàtica de la ciutat de Castelló.The article presents the analysis of data obtained from the University Observatory since 2003, a complete Casella monitoring station which provides data of solar radiation, temperatures, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, evaporation and wind regime. It also compares the results with the INM Observatory, located in Almazora, which provides the average data of the climate in the city of Castellón.El artículo presenta un análisis de los registros del Observatorio Universitario desde 2003, una completa estación Casella, modelo Cell que aporta valores de radiación solar, temperaturas, precipitaciones, presión atmosférica, humedad relativa, evaporación y régimen de vientos. Al tiempo compara los resultados con el observatorio del INM, sito en Almazora, que aporta el promedio climático de la ciudad de Castellón

Water resources in Mijares-La Plana river system

La Cuenca del Mijares, en el extremo septentrional del Sistema Hidrológico del Júcar, constituye un excepcional ámbito para el estudio de los problemas que plantea la planificación y gestión de los recursos hídricos de la vertiente mediterránea. Al incremento histórico de los regadíos se han sumado el aumento demográfico y el crecimiento industrial, especialmente en la Comarca de La Plana. El presente trabajo desarrolla una metodología para calcular los distintos componentes del balance hídrico y concluir si los recursos satisfacen las necesidades actuales y qué ocurrirá en caso de acontecer un cambio futuro.Mijares Basin, at the northern end of Jucar Hydrological System, is an exceptional area to study the problems of planning and management of water resources in the Mediterranean area. The historical increase in irrigation has joined the increasing population and industrial growth, especially in the area of La Plana. This paper develops a methodology for calculating the components of water balance and conclude whether the resources meet current needs and will happen if a future change events

Normales climáticas en el observatorio de la Universitat Jaume I (2003-2008)

The Meteorological Observatory of the Universitat Jaume I began its records in late 2002 and despite its youth, it allows glimpse some very significant climatic features.El Observatorio Meteorológico de la Universitat Jaume I inicia sus registros a finales de 2002 y a pesar de su juventud ya permite atisbar algunos rasgos climáticos muy significativos

Resultados preliminares del Plan Experimental de Observaciones Térmicas en la Comunidad Valenciana (2000-2004)

El presente estudio ofrece los resultados preliminares de un plan experimental cuyo objetivo es comparar la evolución térmica de observatorios urbanos con la registrada en observatorios ubicados en áreas poco afectadas por la actividad humana. Los resultados preliminares de este plan, referidos l quinquenio 2000-2004, han permitido poner de manifiesto la existencia de un evidente efecto térmico de urbanización que puede estar enmascarado las series de temperaturas en los observatorios históricos