La Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’Homme remet en cause l’application de la loi antiterroriste chilienne aux communautés autochtones

L’arrêt du 29 mai 2014 de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme marque un tournant dans la reconnaissance des droits des communautés autochtones en condamnant le Chili pour l’application de la loi antiterroriste à des membres de la communauté Mapuche. La Cour considère en effet que l'application discriminatoire de la loi fondée sur des stéréotypes négatifs a violé la Convention interaméricaine des droits de l'homme de 1969 et notamment les principes fondamentaux relatifs aux droits procéduraux, civils et politiques des membres de la communauté autochtone qui réclamaient la restitution de leurs terres ancestrales

Supported palladium nanoparticles as heterogeneous ligand-free catalysts for the Hiyama C C coupling of vinylsilanes and halobenzenes leading to styrenes

[EN] Palladium nanoparticles supported on magnesia is a highly efficient solid, reusable catalyst to promote in the absence of phosphine ligands the coupling of vinylsilanes with iodo- and bromobenzenes to form styrenes.Financial support by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Consolider MULTICAT and CTQ 2012-32316) is gratefully acknowledged. The Generalidad Valenciana is also thanked for partial financial support (Prometeo Grant).Grirrane, A.; García Gómez, H.; Corma Canós, A. (2013). Supported palladium nanoparticles as heterogeneous ligand-free catalysts for the Hiyama C C coupling of vinylsilanes and halobenzenes leading to styrenes. Journal of Catalysis. 302:49-57. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2013.02.019S495730

One-pot synthesis of hierarchical porous layered hybrid materials based on aluminosilicate sheets and organic functional pillars

Layered hybrid materials (LHMs) based on ordered silicoaluminate sheets linked with organic fragments, perpendicularly located and stabilized in the interlayer space, were synthesized by a one-pot direct hydrothermal process in the absence of structural directing agents (SDAs) and using bridged silsesquioxanes as organosilicon precursors. By following the synthesis described here, the preliminary preparation of inorganic layered precursors, post-synthesis swelling and/or pillaring treatments can be avoided. The physico-chemical and structural characteristics of the materials were studied by chemical and thermogravimetrical analyses, X-ray diffraction, TEM microscopy, spectroscopic techniques (NMR and FTIR) and textural measurements. The complete exchange of intracrystalline sodium cations by protons, without substantial structural alteration of the hybrid materials, facilitated the generation of hybrid materials, which contained acid and base sites located in the inorganic (silicoaluminate layers) and in the organic interlayer linkers, respectively, with the resultant acid base materials showing promise as active and selective catalysts.The authors thank financial support to Spanish Government by Consolider-Ingenio MULTICAT CSD2009-00050, MAT2011-29020-C02-01 and Severo Ochoa Excellence Program SEV-2012-0267. AG and JMM thank pre-doctoral fellowships from MINECO for economical support.Gaona Cordero, A.; Moreno, JM.; Velty, A.; Díaz Morales, UM.; Corma Canós, A. (2014). One-pot synthesis of hierarchical porous layered hybrid materials based on aluminosilicate sheets and organic functional pillars. 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Layered zeolitic materials: an approach to designing versatile functional solids

Relevant layered zeolites have been considered in this perspective article from the point of view of the synthesis methodologies, materials characterization and catalytic implications, considering the unique physico-chemical characteristics of lamellar materials. The potential of layered zeolitic precursors to generate novel lamellar accessible zeolites through swelling, intercalation, pillarization, delamination and/ or exfoliation treatments is studied, showing the chemical, functional and structural versatility exhibited by layered zeolites. Recent approaches based on the assembly of zeolitic nanosheets which act as inorganic structural units through the use of dual structural directing agents, the selective modification of germanosilicates and the direct generation of lamellar hybrid organic inorganic aluminosilicates are also considered to obtain layered solids with well-defined functionalities. The catalytic applications of the layered zeolites are also highlighted, pointing out the high accessibility and reactivity of active sites present in the lamellar framework.The authors thank financial support to Spanish Government by Consolider-Ingenio MULTICAT CSD2009-00050, MAT2011-29020-C02-01 and Severo Ochoa Excellence Program SEV-2012-0267.Díaz Morales, UM.; Corma Canós, A. (2014). Layered zeolitic materials: an approach to designing versatile functional solids. Dalton Transactions. 43(27):10292-10316. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3dt53181cS10292103164327Mallouk, T. E., & Gavin, J. A. (1998). Molecular Recognition in Lamellar Solids and Thin Films. Accounts of Chemical Research, 31(5), 209-217. doi:10.1021/ar970038pSuslick, K. S., & Price, G. J. (1999). APPLICATIONS OF ULTRASOUND TO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. Annual Review of Materials Science, 29(1), 295-326. doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.29.1.295Du, X., Zhang, D., Gao, R., Huang, L., Shi, L., & Zhang, J. (2013). 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