The Right to Mental Health in the Digital Era

People with mental illness usually experience higher rates of disability and mortality. Often, health care systems do not adequately respond to the burden of mental disorders worldwide. The number of health care providers dealing with mental health care is insufficient in many countries. Equal access to necessary health services should be granted to mentally ill people without any discrimination. E-mental health is expected to enhance the quality of care as well as accessibility, availability and affordability of services. This paper examines under what conditions e-mental health can contribute to realising the right to health by using the avail- ability, accessibility, acceptability and quality (AAAQ) framework that is developed by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Research shows e-mental health facilitates dissemination of information, remote consultation and patient monitoring and might increase access to mental health care. Furthermore, patient participation might increase, and stigma and discrimination might be reduced by the use of e-mental health. However, e-mental health 146 might not increase the access to health care for everyone, such as the digitally illiterate or those who do not have access to the Internet. The affordability of this service, when it is not covered by insurance, can be a barrier to access to this service. In addition, not all e-mental health services are acceptable and of good quality. Policy makers should adopt new legal policies to respond to the present and future developments of modern technologies in health, as well as e-Mental health. To analyse the impact of e-mental health on the right to health, additional research is necessary

Collective learning in schools described: building collective learning capacity

Processes of collective learning are expected to increase the professionalism of teachers and school leaders. Little is known about the processes of collective learning which take place in schools and about the way in which those processes may be improved. This paper describes a research into processes of collective learning at three primary schools. Processes of collective learning are described which took place in small teams in these schools. It is also pointed out which attempts can be made in order to reinforce these processes in the schools mentioned

Erratum: The Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS): sample definition and SCUBA-2 observations

This is a correction to: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 473, Issue 2, January 2018, Pages 1751–1773, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2267Instrumentatio

HELP: the Herschel Extragalactic Legacy Project

We present the Herschel Extragalactic Legacy Project (HELP). This project collates, curates, homogenizes, and creates derived data products for most of the premium multiwavelength extragalactic data sets. The sky boundaries for the first data release cover 1270 deg2 defined by the Herschel SPIRE extragalactic survey fields; notably the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) and the Herschel Atlas survey (H-ATLAS). Here, we describe the motivation and principal elements in the design of the project. Guiding principles are transparent or ‘open’ methodologies with care for reproducibility and identification of provenance. A key element of the design focuses around the homogenization of calibration, meta data, and the provision of information required to define the selection of the data for statistical analysis. We apply probabilistic methods that extract information directly from the images at long wavelengths, exploiting the prior information available at shorter wavelengths and providing full posterior distributions rather than maximum-likelihood estimates and associated uncertainties as in traditional catalogues. With this project definition paper, we provide full access to the first data release of HELP; Data Release 1 (DR1), including a monolithic map of the largest SPIRE extragalactic field at 385 deg2 and 18 million measurements of PACS and SPIRE fluxes. We also provide tools to access and analyse the full HELP data base. This new data set includes far-infrared photometry, photometric redshifts, and derived physical properties estimated from modelling the spectral energy distributions over the full HELP sky. All the software and data presented is publicly available

Induction of IgG2 and IgG4 B-cell memory following sublingual immunotherapy for ryegrass pollen allergy

Background: While treatment for atopic rhinitis is aimed mostly to relieve symptoms, only allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is targeted to modify the natural history of allergic diseases. This results in sustained clinical tolerance, even when treatment has stopped. The immunomodulatory effects of AIT are attributed mainly to increased regulatory T-cell function and increased allergen-specific IgG4, yet little is known about the effect on the memory B-cell compartment. Objective: We aimed to examine the effects of AIT on the IgE- and IgG subclass-expressing memory B cells. Methods: We recruited 29 patients with atopic seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis and performed a longitudinal analysis of the peripheral immune compartment before, during, and after sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for allergy to temperate grass pollen, predominantly to ryegrass pollen (RGP; Lolium perenne). Using flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum immunoassays, we analyzed the effects of a 4 months preseasonal treatment regimen comprising two or three courses in consecutive years on circulating IgE+ and IgG+ memory B cells and allergen-specific Ig levels. Results: SLIT increased RGP-specific serum IgG2 and IgG4, as well as the frequencies of IgG2 + and IgG4 + memory B cells, whereas no effect was observed on the IgE+ memory B-cell compartment. Furthermore, SLIT enhanced proportions of regulatory T cells specific to RGP. These changes were associated with clinical improvement. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence for immunological effects of SLIT on B-cell memory. Skewing responses toward IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses might be a mechanism to suppress IgE-mediated allergic responses

Bright Extragalactic ALMA Redshift Survey (BEARS) III: Detailed study of emission lines from 71 Herschel targets

We analyse the molecular and atomic emission lines of 71 bright Herschel-selected galaxies between redshifts 1.4 to 4.6 detected by the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array. These lines include a total of 156 CO, [C I], and H2O emission lines. For 46 galaxies, we detect two transitions of CO lines, and for these galaxies we find gas properties similar to those of other dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) samples. A comparison to photo-dissociation models suggests that most of Herschel-selected galaxies have similar interstellar medium conditions as local infrared-luminous galaxies and high-redshift DSFGs, although with denser gas and more intense far-ultraviolet radiation fields than normal star-forming galaxies. The line luminosities agree with the luminosity scaling relations across five orders of magnitude, although the star-formation and gas surface density distributions (i.e., Schmidt-Kennicutt relation) suggest a different star-formation phase in our galaxies (and other DSFGs) compared to local and low-redshift gas-rich, normal star-forming systems. The gas-to-dust ratios of these galaxies are similar to Milky Way values, with no apparent redshift evolution. Four of 46 sources appear to have CO line ratios in excess of the expected maximum (thermalized) profile, suggesting a rare phase in the evolution of DSFGs. Finally, we create a deep stacked spectrum over a wide rest-frame frequency (220-890 GHz) that reveals faint transitions from HCN and CH, in line with previous stacking experiments.Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal. Comments are warmly welcome

Close-up view of a luminous star-forming galaxy at <i>z</i> = 2.95*

Exploiting the sensitivity of the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) and its ability to process large instantaneous bandwidths, we have studied the morphology and other properties of the molecular gas and dust in the star forming galaxy, H-ATLAS J131611.5+281219 (HerBS-89a), at z = 2.95. High angular resolution (0.″3) images reveal a partial 1.″0 diameter Einstein ring in the dust continuum emission and the molecular emission lines of 12CO(9−8) and H2O(202 − 111). Together with lower angular resolution (0.″6) images, we report the detection of a series of molecular lines including the three fundamental transitions of the molecular ion OH+, namely (11 − 01), (12 − 01), and (10 − 01), seen in absorption; the molecular ion CH+(1 − 0) seen in absorption, and tentatively in emission; two transitions of amidogen (NH2), namely (202 − 111) and (220 − 211) seen in emission; and HCN(11 − 10) and/or NH(12 − 01) seen in absorption. The NOEMA data are complemented with Very Large Array data tracing the 12CO(1 − 0) emission line, which provides a measurement of the total mass of molecular gas and an anchor for a CO excitation analysis. In addition, we present Hubble Space Telescope imaging that reveals the foreground lensing galaxy in the near-infrared (1.15 μm). Together with photometric data from the Gran Telescopio Canarias, we derive a photometric redshift of zphot = 0.9−0.5+0.3 for the foreground lensing galaxy. Modeling the lensing of HerBS-89a, we reconstruct the dust continuum (magnified by a factor μ ≃ 5.0) and molecular emission lines (magnified by μ ∼ 4 − 5) in the source plane, which probe scales of ∼0.″1 (or 800 pc). The 12CO(9 − 8) and H2O(202 − 111) emission lines have comparable spatial and kinematic distributions; the source-plane reconstructions do not clearly distinguish between a one-component and a two-component scenario, but the latter, which reveals two compact rotating components with sizes of ≈1 kpc that are likely merging, more naturally accounts for the broad line widths observed in HerBS-89a. In the core of HerBS-89a, very dense gas with nH2 ∼ 107 − 9 cm−3 is revealed by the NH2 emission lines and the possible HCN(11 − 10) absorption line. HerBS-89a is a powerful star forming galaxy with a molecular gas mass of Mmol = (2.1 ± 0.4) × 1011 M⊙, an infrared luminosity of LIR = (4.6 ± 0.4) × 1012 L⊙, and a dust mass of Mdust = (2.6 ± 0.2) × 109 M⊙, yielding a dust-to-gas ratio δGDR ≈ 80. We derive a star formation rate SFR = 614 ± 59 M⊙ yr−1 and a depletion timescale τdepl = (3.4 ± 1.0) × 108 years. The OH+ and CH+ absorption lines, which trace low (∼100 cm−3) density molecular gas, all have their main velocity component red-shifted by ΔV ∼ 100 km s−1 relative to the global CO reservoir. We argue that these absorption lines trace a rare example of gas inflow toward the center of a galaxy, indicating that HerBS-89a is accreting gas from its surroundings