The Opportunities and Damages of Virtual Social Networks from Students\u27 Perspectives; the Experience of Iranian Users

Today, virtual social networks affect different dimensions of individual and social life of individuals and in the future they will play a much greater and more important role in life. The present study aims to study the positive and negative effects of virtual social networks from students\u27 point of view medical and non-medical sciences universities of Gonabad city. This is a descriptive-survey study. The research population of the study population was Gonabad, a university student in the academic year of 2016-2017. To determine the sample size, 350 samples were selected using Cochran formula and selected by stratified random sampling from the research community. The data gathering tool in this study was a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire that was a measure of the effects of virtual social networks. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. networks social telegram with 96% and Instagram 60.9% were the most popular. communication with friends and acquaintances with an average of 16 and education with an average of 11, the most significant positive effects and anti-religious propaganda with an average of 17, and rapid formation and promotion The rumors with the average of 13 are the most negative effects of using these networks. There was also no significant difference between the viewpoints of students of medical and non-medical sciences universities in Gonabad. Facilitating virtual communication and education from the viewpoint of students is the most important opportunity to use virtual social networks. Also, anti-religious propaganda and the instigation of doubts, the formation and promotion of rumors are also a threat to such networks

Design, Construction, and Evaluation of an Intelligent Frost Forecasting and Warning System

Every year, frost causes the loss of many agricultural products. There is numerous equipment to protect plants against frost. Late turning on these equipment causes inefficiency in raising the air temperature, and early turning them on will increases energy consumption and costs. Therefore, accurately forecasting frost is crucial for turning on the equipment on time. In this research, an intelligent radiation frost forecasting and warning system (IFFS) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology was designed and constructed. This system comprises a wireless sensor, computing, and intelligent forecasting based on deep learning methods and warning announcements to the farmer by a message. Intelligent forecasting based on forecasting dew point temperature for the next three hours according to the in-situ measurement of temperature and relative humidity of the air. The meteorological data of the studied regain from 2011-2021 were used to train the network. The IFFS Performance was evaluated. Based on the obtained results, the system accuracy in measuring temperature and relative humidity of the air was 99% and 98%, respectively. The F-score of the IFFS obtained 96%, and the system accuracy in the warning announcement obtained 100%. Finally, applying the IFFS for better protection of plants is recommended

Line maintenance within transmissionexpansion planning: a multistage framework

Maintenance in transmission networks is an economical way to reduce upgrading network costs without decreasingits reliability. Hence, new studies regarding transmission expansion planning (TEP) must take into account the effects ofmaintenance in order to obtain realistic and economic expansion investment plans. This work presents a novel framework formultistage TEP, considering line maintenance, i.e. the expansion cost of the transmission system, network losses, costs of old-line replacement and maintenance, cost of newly constructed line maintenance, and cost of replaced line maintenance, aresimultaneously optimised. The advantage of this approach is the fact that the lifetimes of the lines that are replaced, retained,and added to the transmission system are changing during the expansion horizon. These lifetimes have an impact on themaintenance expenses. Annual maintenance costs are also affected by the inflation rate. Hence, both the lifetime and inflationrate roles are integrated into the proposed model. The robustness and effectiveness of the model are tested on the IEEE 24-bustest system, using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm. The results show that the proposed formulation finds more economicinvestment plans for TEP when compared with those found using static formulations considering the maintenance available inspecialised literature

The Post-Eocene Evolution of the Doruneh Fault Region (Central Iran): The Intraplate Response to the Reorganization of the Arabia-Eurasia Collision Zone

The Cenozoic deformation history of Central Iran has been dominantly accommodated by the activation of major intracontinental strike-slip fault zones, developed in the hinterland domain of the Arabia-Eurasia convergent margin. Few quantitative temporal and kinematic constraints are available from these strike-slip deformation zones, hampering a full assessment of the style and timing of intraplate deformation in Iran and the understanding of the possible linkage to the tectonic reorganization of the Zagros collisional zone. This study focuses on the region to the north of the active trace of the sinistral Doruneh Fault. By combing structural and low-temperature apatite fission track (AFT) and (U-Th)/He (AHe) thermochronology investigations, we provide new kinematic and temporal constraints to the deformation history of Central Iran. Our results document a post-Eocene polyphase tectonic evolution dominated by dextral strike-slip tectonics, whose activity is constrained since the early Miocene in response to an early, NW-SE oriented paleo-σ1 direction. A major phase of enhanced cooling/exhumation is constrained at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, caused by a switch of the maximum paleo-σ1 direction to N-S. When integrated into the regional scenario, these data are framed into a new tectonic reconstruction for the Miocene-Quaternary time lapse, where strike-slip deformation in the intracontinental domain of Central Iran is interpreted as guided by the reorganization of the Zagros collisional zone in the transition from an immature to a mature stage of continental collision

The Opportunities and Damages of Virtual Social Networks from Students\u27 Perspectives; the Experience of Iranian Users

Today, virtual social networks affect different dimensions of individual and social life of individuals and in the future they will play a much greater and more important role in life. The present study aims to study the positive and negative effects of virtual social networks from students\u27 point of view medical and non-medical sciences universities of Gonabad city. This is a descriptive-survey study. The research population of the study population was Gonabad, a university student in the academic year of 2016-2017. To determine the sample size, 350 samples were selected using Cochran formula and selected by stratified random sampling from the research community. The data gathering tool in this study was a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire that was a measure of the effects of virtual social networks. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. networks social telegram with 96% and Instagram 60.9% were the most popular. communication with friends and acquaintances with an average of 16 and education with an average of 11, the most significant positive effects and anti-religious propaganda with an average of 17, and rapid formation and promotion The rumors with the average of 13 are the most negative effects of using these networks. There was also no significant difference between the viewpoints of students of medical and non-medical sciences universities in Gonabad. Facilitating virtual communication and education from the viewpoint of students is the most important opportunity to use virtual social networks. Also, anti-religious propaganda and the instigation of doubts, the formation and promotion of rumors are also a threat to such networks

Temporally distinct roles of ATM and ROS in genotoxic- stress-dependent induction and maintenance of cellular senescence

Cells exposed to genotoxic stress induce cellular senescence through a DNA damage response (DDR) pathway regulated by ATM kinase and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that the regulatory roles for ATM kinase and ROS differ during induction and maintenance of cellular senescence. Cells treated with different genotoxic agents were analyzed using specific pathway markers and inhibitors to determine that ATM kinase activation is directly proportional to the dose of the genotoxic stress and that senescence initiation is not dependent on ROS or the p53 status of cells. Cells in which ROS was quenched still activated ATM and initiated the DDR when insulted, and progressed normally to senescence. By contrast, maintenance of a viable senescent state required the presence of ROS as well as activated ATM. Inhibition or removal of either of the components caused cell death in senescent cells, through a deregulated ATM-ROS axis. Overall, our work demonstrates existence of an intricate temporal hierarchy between genotoxic stress, DDR and ROS in cellular senescence. Our model reports the existence of different stages of cellular senescence with distinct regulatory networks

A small molecule for theraNOstic targeting of cancer cells

Thera/NO - a small molecule that is activated by hydrogen peroxide to generate nitric oxide (NO) and a fluorescence signal is reported. Using cancer and primary cells, we show that Thera/NO preferentially releases NO in cancer cells, which can trigger DNA damage and cell death in them. The coupled fluorescence signal facilitated tracking the NO release in living cells without collateral consumption of NO

ATM-ROS-iNOS axis regulates nitric oxide mediated cellular senescence

Cellular senescence is an outcome of the accumulation of DNA damage which induces the growth arrest in cells. Physiologically, it is presumed to be mediated by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that another free radical, nitric oxide (NO) produced during inflammation or present as an environmental pollutant can also induce cellular senescence. In primary cells and various immortalized cell lines, exposure to chronic NO, through external addition or internally generated by iNOS expression, leads to the activation of DNA damage response and causes cellular senescence. The phenotype generated by NO includes robust growth arrest, increase in the levels of the DNA damage foci, ROS, SAS-gal staining, and inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-8, all hallmarks of cellular senescence similar to replicative senescence. Mechanistically, inhibitor and knockdown analysis revealed that NO mediates senescence through ATM kinase activation and the viability of cells is dependent on both ROS and ATM kinase involving the ATM-ROS-iNOS axis. Overall, we demonstrate that nitric oxide mediates cellular senescence through a novel free radical dependent genotoxic stress pathway. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Manipulation of carbon flux into fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in Dunaliella salina using AccD and ME genes to enhance lipid content and to improve produced biodiesel quality

Advanced generations of biofuels basically revolve around non-agricultural energy crops. Among those, microalgae owing to its unique characteristics i.e. natural tolerance to waste and saline water, sustainable biomass production and high lipid content (LC), is regarded by many as the ultimate choice for the production of various biofuels such as biodiesel. In the present study, manipulation of carbon flux into fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in Dunaliella salina was achieved using pGH plasmid harboring AccD and ME genes to enhance lipid content and to improve produced biodiesel quality. The stability of transformation was confirmed by PCR after several passages. Southern hybridization of AccD probe with genomic DNA revealed stable integration of the cassette in the specific positions in the chloroplast genome with no read through transcription by indigenous promoters. Comparison of the LC and fatty acid profile of the transformed algal cell line and the control revealed the over-expression of the ME/AccD genes in the transformants leading to 12% increase in total LC and significant improvements in biodiesel properties especially by increasing algal oil oxidation stability. The whole process successfully implemented herein for transforming algal cells by genes involved in lipid production pathway could be helpful for large scale biodiesel production from microalgae

Cerebral Angiographic Findings in Non-Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Single Center Experience in the West of Iran

Background and Aim: This study aimed at analyzing the demographic characteristics of the patients with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, their angiographic results and the correlation between computed tomography (CT) scan and angiography findings. Methods and Materials/Patients: In a descriptive study, we retrospectively reviewed the records of the patients with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage based on their brain CT or lumbar puncture findings from 2011 to 2017. For all patients, four vessel catheter angiography via the femoral approach was performed in the Medical Imaging Center of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Results: We investigated 143 cases with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage which was indicated in CT findings (91.61%) or lumbar puncture (8.39%). Of 143 patients, 64 (44.8%) were men and 79 (55.2%) women (mean age 53.7±12.1 years old). Moreover, 104(72.7%) patients had Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH), 19(13.3%) of them had Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH), 8(5.6%) ones had Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) and 12(8.4%) patients had normal brain CT. There were 100 cases of aneurysm (69.93%), 13 cases of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) (9.09%), 28 cases with negative angiograms (19.58%), and 2 cases with other pathologies (1.4%). Seven (4.89%) cases of multiple aneurysms were also recorded. Of 13 patients with AVM, 8(61.5%) patients had AVM in parieto-occipital region, 2(15.4%) in temporal, 1(7.7%) in frontal region and 2(15.4%) had deep AVM. Two (1.4%) patients with SAH had dural AVF. Twenty-eight (19.6%) patients had negative angiogram, 22 cases of them had second angiography after one to two weeks. The most common positive finding in the second angiogram was Acom aneurysm (18.18%). Conclusion: Aneurysms and AVMs are the most common causes of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. The most common site of intracranial aneurysms is the circle of Willis. A second angiogram after one to two weeks is necessary in most patients with negative results in first angiography after non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage