Utilisation of blood clam Anadara granosa

Blood clam (Anadara granosa) forms a fishery of considerable magnitude in the Kakinada Bay where an estimated 20001 are landed annually. Ini addition culture technology for blood clam has been standardised In India, throwing open the possibility of large scale farming of this species. Presently clam meat is burnt along with shell to produce lime. In order to optimise the utilisation Of blood clam as against the existing gross under utilisation Kakinada Research Centre of CIFT has developed the technologies for Icing, freezing and canning of the clam. A pickled product and sausage are the other products developed by the Centre. The paper describes the technologies developed for utilisation of blood clam

Renormalization Group Evolution of the Non-Unitary operator

Integrating out a heavy field gives rise to effective Lagrangian containing higher dimensional operators. In the context of Type-I seesaw mechanism, integrating out the heavy right handed neutrino field leads to unique dimension five operator which gives the tree level neutrino mass term. Apart from these there are dimension six operators that can have important implications. A linear combination of two such operators gives rise to the non-unitarity in the lepton mixing matrix, $U_{\text{PMNS}}$. In this paper, we discuss the origin of non-unitarity at the high scale and its evolution through renormalization group running.Comment: 14 pages, Typos correcte

Minimal Textures in Seesaw Mass Matrices and their low and high Energy Phenomenology

In an attempt to find minimal scenarios we study the implications of Dirac and Majorana mass matrices with texture zeros within the type I seesaw mechanism. For the Dirac mass matrices we consider 5 zero textures which we show to be the most minimal form that can successfully account for low energy phenomenology if the Majorana mass matrices are chosen minimal as well. For those, we consider both diagonal and even more minimal non-diagonal forms. The latter can be motivated e.g. by simple U(1) flavour symmetries and have two degenerate eigenvalues. We classify the allowed textures and discuss the ramifications for leptogenesis and lepton flavour violation.Comment: Typos correcte

Not Available

Not AvailableBlood clam (Anadara granosa) forms a fishery of considerable magnitude in the Kakinada Bay where an estimated 20001 are landed annually. Ini addition culture technology for blood clam has been standardised In India, throwing open the possibility of large scale farming of this species. Presently clam meat is burnt along with shell to produce lime. In order to optimise the utilisation Of blood clam as against the existing gross under utilisation Kakinada Research Centre of CIFT has developed the technologies for Icing, freezing and canning of the clam. A pickled product and sausage are the other products developed by the Centre. The paper describes the technologies developed for utilisation of blood clam.Not Availabl

International Journal of Experimental Biology

Not AvailableThe decapod crustacean Penaeus monodon survives large fluctuations in salinity through osmoregulation in which Na+/ K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in the gills plays a central role, Adult P. monodon specimens were gradually acclimatized to 5, 25 and 35% salinities and maintained for 20 days to observe long term alterations in NKA expression. Specific NKA activity assayed in gill tissues was found to be 3 folds higher at 5% compared to 25% (isosmotic salinity) and 0.48 folds lower at 35%. The enzyme was immunolocalized in gills using mouse q-5 monoclonal antibody that cross reacts with P. monodon NKA a-subunit. At 5% the immunopositive cells were distributed on lamellar tips and basal lamellar epithelium of the secondary gill filaments and their number was visibly higher. At both 25% and 35% NKA positive cells were observed in the inter-lamellar region but the expression was more pronounced at 25% Gill architecture was normal at all salinities. However, the 1.5 fold increase in NKA a-subunit mRNA at 5% measured by quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) using EFIa as reference gene was not statistically significant. The study confirms the osmoregulating ability of P. monodon like other crustaceans at lower salinities. It is likely that significant increase in NKA transcript level happens at an earlier time point. At higher salinities all three methods record only marginal or no change from isosmotic controls confirming the hypothesis that the animal largely osmoconforms in hyperosmotic environment

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Expression studies on <span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI">NA⁺/K⁺-ATPase in gills of<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI"> <i>Penaeus monodon </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic" lang="EN-GB">(Fabricius) acclimated to different salinities</span></span></span></span>

273-280The decapod crustacean Penaeus monodon survives large fluctuations in salinity through osmoregulation in which Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in the gills plays a central role. Adult P. monodon specimens were gradually acclimatized to 5, 25 and 35‰ salinities and maintained for 20 days to observe long term alterations in NKA expression. Specific NKA activity assayed in gill tissues was found to be 3 folds higher at 5‰ compared to 25‰ (isosmotic salinity) and 0.48 folds lower at 35‰. The enzyme was immunolocalized in gills using mouse α-5 monoclonal antibody that cross reacts with P. monodon <span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">NKA α-subunit. At 5‰ the immunopositive cells were distributed on lamellar tips and basal lamellar epithelium of the secondary gill filaments and their number was visibly higher. At both 25‰ and 35‰ NKA positive cells were observed in the inter-lamellar region but the expression was more pronounced <span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">at 25‰. Gill architecture was normal at all salinities. However, the 1.5 fold increase in NKA α-subunit mRNA at 5‰ measured by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) using EF1α as reference gene was not statistically significant. The study confirms the osmoregulating ability of P. monodon like other crustaceans at lower salinities. It is likely that significant increase in NKA transcript level happens at an earlier time point. At higher salinities all three methods record only marginal or no change from isosmotic controls confirming the hypothesis that the animal largely osmoconforms in hyperosmotic environment. </span

Challenges in Accessing and Delivering Maternal and Child Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Rapid Survey from Six States of India

Background/Objectives: Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic and its prevention and control policies have impacted maternal and child health (MCH) services. This study documents the challenges faced by patients in accessing MCH services, and the experiences of health care providers in delivering those services during the COVID-19 outbreak, explicitly focusing on the lockdown period in India. Methods: A cross-sectional study (rapid survey) was conducted in 18 districts from 6 states of India during March to June, 2020. The sample size included 540 MCH patients, 18 gynaecologists, 18 paediatricians, 18 district immunisation officers and 108 frontline health workers. Bivariate analysis and multivariable analysis were used to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics, and challenges faced by the patients. Results: More than one-third of patients (n = 212; 39%) reported that accessing MCH services was a challenge during the lockdown period, with major challenges being transportation-related difficulties (n = 99; 46%) unavailability of hospital-based services (n = 54; 23%) and interrupted outreach health services (n = 39; 18.4%). The supply-side challenges mainly included lack of infrastructural preparedness for outbreak situations, and a shortage of human resources. Conclusions/Recommendations: A holistic approach is required that focuses on both preparedness and response to the outbreak, as well reassignment and reinforcement of health care professionals to continue catering to and maintaining essential MCH services during the pandemic