Comparative Study Improving Residential Load Factor Using Power Shifting and Load Shifting

One the problem of electric power stability is due to load fluctuations in distribution system especialy during peak load conditions. One solution which is applied in Smart Grid scheme is through load shifting or power shifting. In load shifting the load with high power consumption which operates at peak load shifted its operations outside of the peak load or s some loads with high power consumption do not operate at the same time, there is a load whose operating time is shifted to reduce peak power. Power shifting is used when energy from renewable source not directly suplied to load but storage first and supplied to reduce high power consumption to reduce peak power. Low load factor, ratio between average power to peak power, may affect to power system operation. If load factor of residential load can keep in low, it will be certainly help improve the stability of the power system. In this study we will examine the comparison of load shifting method with power shifting in improving load factor. Load shifting is done to water pumps and washing machines, because washing machine is shiftable load. Power shifting is made to the output power of the solar power plant, which is used to reduce peak power from the water pump. Test results show that power shifting can increase load factor value up to 54,9% while load shifting give load factor value equal to 43,9%

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Geografi Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Snowball Throwing

The purpose of this study was to analyze :(1)the difference between pretest of the control class which used conventional learning method, and experimental class which used snowball throwing learning model (2)the difference between the posttest of the control class and the experimental class,(3)the increase of student learning outcomes in the material environment, used snowball throwing learning model. The research method was using quasi experiments. Population was grade IX students IIS in State Senior High School 2 in Kotabumi. Samples ware grade IX IIS1 and XI IIS 2, taken by using Purposive Sampling. The data were analyzed using t-tests and n-gain.The results indicated that: (1)There was no significant differences in pre-test of experimental class and control class(2)There was significant differences in the post-test of experimental class which swas higher than the control class (3) snowball throwing learning model can increase geography learning outcomes in the experimental class was higher than the control class.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis : (1) perbedaan antara pretes kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional dan kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan model pembelajaran snowball throwing (2) perbedaan antara postes kelas kontrol dengan kelas eksperimen (3) peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi lingkungan hidup menggunkan model pembelajaran snowball throwing. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan Quasi eksperimen. Populasi adalah siswa kelas IX IIS di SMA Negeri 2 di Kota Bumi. Sampel adalah kelas XII IIS 1 dan XI IIS 2, diambil dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t dan n gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1)Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pretes pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol (2) Ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam postes kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol (3) model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar geografi di kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari pada kelas kontrol

The Quality Control of Handling Examination in Universitas Terbuka

Universitas Terbuka (UT) has already has its own procedure of handling the examination. The procedure has used by all parts of the management in UT which are involved to conduct the examination. The aim of the survey is to find out the management who are responsible to handle the examination applied the procedure of conducting examination. The survey is conducting by using the procedure of examination and the audit system applied by the Quality Assurance center of UT. Unfortunately, survey shows that there are still part of management is not proper used the procedure, especially management who are involved in preparing the test, control the process of typing, reviewers from the Faculties, printing, packing, distribution, and security of keeping the test. Beside the preparing paths, the management in Regional Offices who has to prepare the buildings, rooms, supervisors, administrations and others who have to involved in conducting the examination process

PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR GEOGRAFI MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE SNOWBALL THROWING

The purpose of this study was to analyze :(1)the difference between pretest of the control class which used conventional learning method, and experimental class which used snowball throwing learning model (2)the difference between the posttest of the control class and the experimental class,(3)the increase of student learning outcomes in the material environment, used snowball throwing learning model. The research method was using quasi experiments. Population was grade IX students IIS in State Senior High School 2 in Kotabumi. Samples ware grade IX IIS1 and XI IIS 2, taken by using Purposive Sampling. The data were analyzed using t-tests and n-gain.The results indicated that: (1)There was no significant differences in pre-test of experimental class and control class(2)There was significant differences in the post-test of experimental class which swas higher than the control class (3) snowball throwing learning model can increase geography learning outcomes in the experimental class was higher than the control class.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis : (1) perbedaan antara pretes kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional dan kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan model pembelajaran snowball throwing (2) perbedaan antara postes kelas kontrol dengan kelas eksperimen (3) peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada materi lingkungan hidup menggunkan model pembelajaran snowball throwing. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan Quasi eksperimen. Populasi adalah siswa kelas IX IIS di SMA Negeri 2 di Kota Bumi. Sampel adalah kelas XII IIS 1 dan XI IIS 2, diambil dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t dan n gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1)Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pretes pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol (2) Ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam postes kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol (3) model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar geografi di kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari pada kelas kontrol.Kata kunci: hasil belajar, geografi, snowball throwin

COMPARISON OF MULTIPLEX SINGLE ROUND PCR AND MICROSCOPY IN DIAGNOSIS OF AMOEBIASIS

Background: Amoebiasis, the cause of dysentery and extra-intestinal abscesses, now becomes second fatal parasitic disease in the world. As routine microscopic diagnosis cannot differentiate causative Entamoeba histolytica from non-pathogenic E. dispar and E. moshkovskii, better diagnosis has to be searched. Materials and Methods: Multiplex single round PCR was tested and compared with results of microscopy of wet preparation on 30 samples of diarrheic stools and extra intestinal lesions from amoebiasis suspected patients. Results: Microscopy examination showed that 21 (70%) of the samples were positive for E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii complex and 18 (86%) of them contained hematophagous trophozoites. Multiplex single round PCR showed 12 positive results, from which seven were positive for E. histolytica, two were positive for E. moshkovskii, and three showed mixed of E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii. No samples were positive for E. dispar. High positive rate of microscopy might be related with highly suspected amoebiasis cases, while lower positive PCR might be caused by low parasite density and time-related trophozoite disintegration. Conclusion: The study showed that multiplex single-round PCR is a valuable diagnostic tool for species differentiation, but cannot replace microscopy in the diagnosis of amoebiasis because of its low sensitivity and impossibility to discriminate the form of E. histolytica and whether it is in the disease-causing stage, while microscopic examination is capable to demonstrate the presence of hematophagous trophozoites that indicates it is invasive and at the disease-causing stage of E. histolytica

Silicon Encapsulated Carbon Nanotubes

A dual stage process of depositing bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (BCNTs) by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) and coating Si using Radio frequency sputtering (RFS) technique. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron field emission studies (EFE). SEM results suggest a dense network of homogeneous silicon-coated BCNTs. From the comprehensive analysis of the results provided by these techniques emerges the picture of Si encapsulated BCNTs

Inventory of the chemicals and the exposure of the workers’ skin to these at two leather factories in Indonesia

PURPOSE: Tannery workers are exposed to hazardous chemicals. Tannery work is outsourced to newly industrialized countries (NICs) where attention into occupational health hazards is limited. In this study, we investigated the skin exposure to hazardous chemicals in tannery workers and determined the prevalence of occupational skin diseases (OSDs) at tanneries in a NIC. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on the observation of the working process and an inventory and risk assessment of the chemicals used. Classification of chemicals as potential sensitizers/irritants and a qualitative assessment of exposure to these chemicals. Workers were examined and interviewed using Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire-2002/LONG. RESULTS: The risk of OSDs at the investigated tanneries was mainly related to the exposure of the workers' skin to chemicals in hot and humid environmental conditions. In 472 workers, 12% reported a current OSD and 9% reported a history of OSD. In 10% of all cases, an OSD was confirmed by a dermatologist and 7.4% had an occupational contact dermatitis (OCD). We observed that personal protective equipment (PPE) used was mainly because of skin problems in the past and not as a primary protection against OSD. CONCLUSION: We observed a high frequency and prolonged exposure to many skin hazardous factors in tannery work although PPE was relatively easily available and which was generally used as a secondary preventative measure. The observed point-prevalence in this study was at the same level as that reported for other high-risk OSDs in Western countries and other tanneries in NICs. However, the observed point-prevalence in this study was lower than that reported in India and Korea. The results of our study and those of other studies at tanneries from other NICs were probably influenced by Healthy Worker Survivor Effect (HWSE)

Delivering medical abortion at scale: a study of the retail market for medical abortion in Madhya Pradesh, India.

BACKGROUND: Medical abortion (mifepristone and misoprostol) has the potential to contribute to reduced maternal mortality but little is known about the provision or quality of advice for medical abortion through the private retail sector. We examined the availability of medical abortion and the practices of pharmacists in India, where abortion has been legal since 1972. METHODS: We interviewed 591 pharmacists in 60 local markets in city, town and rural areas of Madhya Pradesh. One month later, we returned to 359 pharmacists with undercover patients who presented themselves unannounced as genuine customers seeking a medical abortion. RESULTS: Medical abortion was offered to undercover patients by 256 (71.3%) pharmacists and 24 different brands were identified. Two thirds (68.5%) of pharmacists stated that abortion was illegal in India. Only 106 (38.5%) pharmacists asked clients the timing of the last menstrual period and 38 (13.8%) requested to see a doctor's prescription - a legal requirement in India. Only 59 (21.5%) pharmacists correctly advised patients on the gestational limit for medical abortion, 97 (35.3%) provided correct information on how many and when to take the tablets in a combination pack, and 78 (28.4%) gave accurate advice on where to seek care in case of complications. Advice on post-abortion family planning was almost nonexistent. CONCLUSIONS: The retail market for medical abortion is extensive, but the quality of advice given to patients is poor. Although the contribution of medical abortion to women's health in India is poorly understood, there is an urgent need to improve the practices of pharmacists selling medical abortion

MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER, PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SYUKUR

Agama Islam diturunkan di dunia oleh ALLOH SWT, melalui Rosul Muhammad, adalah untuk memberikan pelajaran pada manusia tentang kebesaran dan keagungan NYA. Bentuk kebesaran dan keagungan NYA ini terwujud pada segala benda yang tampak dan tidak tampak di alam semesta. Selayanya manusia sebagai ciptaanNYA yang paling sempurna mensyukurinya. Literasi paling awal di dunia ini adalah ketika ALLOH SWT menurunkan wahyu pertama kepada Rosul Muhammad,melalui malaikat Jibril, berupa Iqro’, yang terangkum dalam surat Al ‘Alaq. Esensi dari surat tersebut adalah tuntunan bagaimana cara-cara mengakses pengetahuan dari ALLOH SWT. Tuhan memberikan bimbingan pada Rosululloh, pada fase awal turunnya wahyu, yang berlangsung di Mekah sebelum hijrah ke Medinah. Saat itu Rosul berumur 40 tahun, dan pada saat itu beliau sudah mencapai kematangan fisik, spiritual dan emosional. Saat proses malaikat Jibril datang membawa wahyu, Rosul Muhamamad bukannya dalam keadaan siap, malah menggigil dan ketakutan. Malaikat Jibril memeluk Rosul sampai tiga kali, baru kemudian Rosul tenang. Dalam keadaan tenang, kemudian Jibril mengulang wahyu ALLOH agar Rosul membaca dengan nama Tuhan ALLOH yang telah menciptakan pengetahuan bagi manusia. Fase pembelajaran yang Alloh tuntunkan kepada Rosul, terdapat dalam Al Qur’an sebanyak 86 surat terkait dengan bimbingan ALLOH. Surat-surat tersebut memberikan penguatan kepada jiwa, menamkan karakteristik iman yang kuat, dan akidah yang kokoh. Gambaran literasi melalui wahyu, kemudian dilanjutkan dalam bentuk hafalan-hafalan, diterjemahkan dalam tulisan-tulisan tangan, dan sampai pada era sekarang tulisan tangan sudah bertransformasi menjadi digital. Pada bab ini, penulis akan menguraikan pendidikan karakter syukur terdiri dari 3 konsep utama : 1) Konsep pendidikan, 2) Konsep karakter, dan 3) Konsep syukur. Tiga diksi yang berbeda namun bila dirangkai menjadi satu, maka akan membentuk diksi bar

Demand-side financing for maternal and newborn health: what do we know about factors that affect implementation of cash transfers and voucher programmes?

BackgroundDemand-side financing (DSF) interventions, including cash transfers and vouchers, have been introduced to promote maternal and newborn health in a range of low- and middle-income countries. These interventions vary in design but have typically been used to increase health service utilisation by offsetting some financial costs for users, or increasing household income and incentivising 'healthy behaviours'. This article documents experiences and implementation factors associated with use of DSF in maternal and newborn health.MethodsA secondary analysis (using an adapted Supporting the Use of Research Evidence framework - SURE) was performed on studies that had previously been identified in a systematic review of evidence on DSF interventions in maternal and newborn health.ResultsThe article draws on findings from 49 quantitative and 49 qualitative studies. The studies give insights on difficulties with exclusion of migrants, young and multiparous women, with demands for informal fees at facilities, and with challenges maintaining quality of care under increasing demand. Schemes experienced difficulties if communities faced long distances to reach participating facilities and poor access to transport, and where there was inadequate health infrastructure and human resources, shortages of medicines and problems with corruption. Studies that documented improved care-seeking indicated the importance of adequate programme scope (in terms of programme eligibility, size and timing of payments and voucher entitlements) to address the issue of concern, concurrent investments in supply-side capacity to sustain and/or improve quality of care, and awareness generation using community-based workers, leaders and women's groups. ConclusionsEvaluations spanning more than 15 years of implementation of DSF programmes reveal a complex picture of experiences that reflect the importance of financial and other social, geographical and health systems factors as barriers to accessing care. Careful design of DSF programmes as part of broader maternal and newborn health initiatives would need to take into account these barriers, the behaviours of staff and the quality of care in health facilities. Research is still needed on the policy context for DSF schemes in order to understand how they become sustainable and where they fit, or do not fit, with plans to achieve equitable universal health coverage