Manifestations and forms of violence in a rural-to-urban society (Pilot study in the state of El-taref)

إن انتقال الناس من الأنماط الريفية إلى الأنماط الحضرية في الحياة يعني اكتساب طرق جديدة في الحياة وقيم قد تكون لها تأثير على السلوك، والعلاقات في المدن. فالأوضاع التقليدية لا تحظى بنفس الرعاية التي توليها للأوضاع الحضرية وهنا تضعف سلطتها ويحدث صراع بين النظرة الحضرية من جهة والريفية من جهة أخرى  فالصراع يولد العنف لدى الأفراد ويخلق نوع من الطبقية في حياتهم المعيشية وحتى الفكرية مما ينجم عنه تصادم في المصالح وهذا ما يؤثر على نمط حياتهم ويحدث خلل في توازن المجتمع وهذا ما سنتكلم عنه ضمن هذا المقال.The transition of people from rural to urban patterns of life means acquiring new ways of life and values that May have an impact on behavior, and Relationship in cities. Traditional conditions do not receive the same care given to urban conditions and here its authority will be weekend creating a conflicts between the urban view and the rural one, this conflict breeds violence in individuals and creates a kind of class in their living and intellectual lives which leads to a clash of interests affecting their lifestyle creating an imbalance in society and This what we will talk about in this article

La politique de science ouvert au BRGM 2022

Le mouvement pour la science ouverte s’inscrit dans un contexte international de la science depuis plus de vingt ans. Il connaît une accélération sans précédent à l’échelle mondiale depuis quelques années avec la mise en place de cadres de politiques scientifiques et juridiques à l’échelle nationale et internationale favorisant l’ouverture systématique de données et connaissances acquises sur fonds publics. Le BRGM entend y jouer tout son rôle en tant qu\u27opérateur national à vocation mondiale

Simulation des \'ecoulements gravitaires avec les mod\`eles d'\'ecoulement en couche mince: \'etat de l'art et exemple d'application aux coul\'ees de d\'ebris de la Rivi\`ere du Pr\^echeur (Martinique, Petites Antilles)

Quantifying the propagation of landslides is a key step for analyzing gravitational risks. In this context, thin-layer models have met a growing success over the past years to simulate the dynamics of gravitational flows, such as debris flows. They are easier to use and require less computing ressources than 3D models, and provide more detailed estimations of flow thicknesses and velocities than purely empirical methods. In this literature review, we present the main rheologies used to model homogeneous gravitational flows, and describe a practical case study with debris flow modeling in the Pr{\^e}cheur River (Martinique, Lesser Antilles). Then, we discuss possible developments for operational hazard and risk assessment with thin-layer models.Comment: in French languag

Herramientas para la gestión de las aguas subterráneas durante los eventos extremos

International audienc

Ecological changes in historically polluted soils: Metal(loid) bioaccumulation in microarthropods and their impact on community structure

International audienceSoil pollution by persistent metal(loid)s present environmental and sanitary risks. While the effects of metal(loid)s on vegetation and macrofauna have been widely studied, their impact on microarthropods (millimetre scale) and their bioaccumulation capacity have been less investigated. However, microarthropods provide important ecosystem services, contributing in particular to soil organic matter dynamics. This study focussed on the impact of metal(loid) pollution on the structure and distribution of microarthropod communities and their potential to bioaccumulate lead (Pb). Soil samples were collected from a contaminated historical site with a strong horizontal and vertical gradient of Pb concentrations. Microarthropods were extracted using the Berlese method. The field experiments showed that microarthropods were present even in extremely polluted soils (30,000 mg Pb kg− 1). However, while microarthropod abundance increased with increasing soil C/N content (R2 = 0.79), richness decreased with increasing pollution. A shift in the community structure from an oribatid-to a springtail-dominated community was observed in less polluted soils (R2 = 0.68). In addition, Pb bioamplification occurred in microarthropods, with higher Pb concentrations in predators than in detritivorous microarthropods. Finally, the importance of feeding and reproductive ecological traits as potentially relevant descriptors of springtail community structures was highlighted. This study demonstrates the interest of microarthropod communities with different trophic levels and ecological features for evaluating the global environmental impact of metal(loid) pollution on soil biological quality