Kırıkkale İlinde yetiştirilen taklacı güvercinlerde morfolojik özelliklerin belirlenmesi

The aim of this research was to determine the morphological characteristics of Kırıkkale tumbler pigeons. For this purpose, morphological characteristics were determined in 80 pigeons from 7 different breeders in Kırıkkale province. The body weight (P<0.05), body length (P<0.001), wing length (P<0.05), head width (P<0.01), and beak depth (P<0.001) were significantly influenced by sex. Male pigeons had higher values than female pigeons for these traits. Age group affected body weight, chest width, and chest depth. Although age group II was higher than age group I in terms of body weight, the age group I was higher than age group II in terms of chest width and chest depth (P<0.05). As a result of the study, it was determined that most of Kırıkkale tumbler pigeons had brown-eyed (89.53 %) and small muff (78.48 %), and there was a high rate of individuals with gray plumage color (35.16 %) without a crest (45.35 %). Body weight, body length, wing length, thoracic perimeter, and head width values of Kırıkkale tumbler pigeons were lower than the study for Squadron flyer but higher than the Alabadem and Muradiye Dönek pigeons. Kırıkkale tumbler pigeons had similar values to Ankara tumbler pigeons in terms of morphological characteristics. It can be suggested that the genetic relationship level between Ankara pigeons and Kırıkkale pigeons should be clarified by genetic studies.Bu araştırmanın amacı Kırıkkale taklacı güvercinlerinin morfolojik özelliklerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla Kırıkkale ilinde 7 farklı yetiştiriciden 80 güvercinde morfolojik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Canlı ağırlık (P<0.05), vücut uzunluğu (P < 0.001), kanat uzunluğu (P<0.05), baş genişliği (P<0.01) ve gaga derinliği (P<0.001) cinsiyetten önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Bu özelliklerde erkek güvercinler dişi güvercinlerden daha yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. Yaş grubu canlı ağırlık, göğüs genişliği ve göğüs derinliğini etkilemiştir. Canlı ağırlık bakımından yaş grubu II, yaşlı grubu I’den daha yüksek olmasına rağmen, göğüs genişliği ve göğüs derinliği bakımından yaş grubu I, yaş grubu II’den daha yüksek olmuştur (P<0.05). Bu araştırmanın sonucu olarak Kırıkkale taklacı güvercinlerinin çoğunun kahverengi gözlü (% 89.53) ve yıldız paçalı olduğu (% 78.48), gri dona sahip (% 35.16) ve tepesiz (% 45.35) bireylerin oranının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kırıkkale taklacı güvercinlerinin vücut ağırlığı, vücut uzunluğu, kanat uzunluğu, göğüs çevresi ve baş genişliği değerleri filo güvercinleri için yapılan çalışmaya göre daha düşük, Alabadem ve Muradiye Dönek güvercinlerine göre yüksek olmuştur. Kırıkkale taklacı güvercinleri morfolojik özellikler yönünden Ankara taklacı güvercinlerine benzer değerlere sahiptir. Ankara güvercinleri ile Kırıkkale güvercinleri arasındaki genetik yakınlık düzeyi, genetik çalışmalarla netleştirilmesi önerilebilir

Different features of lung involvement in Niemann-Pick disease and Gaucher disease

SummaryBackgroundNiemann-Pick disease (NPD) and Gaucher disease (GD) are well-known lysosomal storage diseases. Respiratory system involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with NPD and GD.ObjectivesWe tried to assess the clinical, radiological, and histological features of GD and NPD patients with lung involvement.MethodsWe reviewed medical history, physical examination, radiological, and histological data of 10 NPD and 7 GD patients.ResultsThe most common respiratory symptoms were recurrent lung infection and dyspnea. Although lung examination results in 6 NPD patients were normal, they had lung involvement; 3 patients were diagnosed as NPD directly via lung biopsy during investigation of recurrent lung infection or interstitial lung disease. All GD patients but 1 had respiratory system symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Hepatopulmonary syndrome was present in 4 GD patients. A ground-glass pattern and atelectasis were 2 important high-resolution computed tomography features in the NPD and GD patients. Flexible bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were used for emergency extraction of bronchial casts in 1 NPD patient.ConclusionsLung involvement in NPD and GD patients should be included in the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Besides interstitial appearance on HRCT, atelectasis related to bronchial cast and bronchiectasis are other radiological findings in these group of patients. Analysis of bronchoalveolar fluid and lung biopsy provide very important clues for diagnosis. Hepatopulmonary syndrome is an important vascular complication observed in GD patients

The evaluation of vitamin K status in children with febrile seizure

Background: Febrile seizure is the most common neurological disorder in childhood. The exact pathophysiology of febrile seizures is unknown. Recent studies showed the role of vitamin K in nonhematological and inflammatory disorders. This study aimed to investigate the serum vitamin K levels in children with febrile seizures. Aims: To evaluate vitamin K levels in children with febrile seizures. Study Design: Prospective case-control study. Methods: This multicenter study examined representative populations in 8 different cities in Turkey between April 1, 2018 and April 1, 2019. Blood samples were taken from all children at presentation. Vitamin K1, vitamin K2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: A total of 155 children were included in the study—84 children with febrile seizures and 71 children in febrile control group. Serum vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels were also higher in children with febrile seizures than in the controls. The results of statistical analysis showed that vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels were correlated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 levels. The median vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels of children experiencing their first febrile seizure were higher than those in children with recurrent febrile seizures. Type of febrile seizure has no effect on serum vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 levels. Conclusion: In children with febrile seizures, vitamin K levels are higher than those in the control group. These new findings may contribute to elucidating the etiopathogenesis of febrile seizures

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

BACKGROUND: The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration. METHODS: To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART). For concentrated epidemics, we calibrated Spectrum models to fit vital registration data corrected for misclassification of HIV deaths. In generalised epidemics, we minimised a loss function to select epidemic curves most consistent with prevalence data and demographic data for all-cause mortality. We analysed counterfactual scenarios for HIV to assess years of life saved through prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and ART. For tuberculosis, we analysed vital registration and verbal autopsy data to estimate mortality using cause of death ensemble modelling. We analysed data for corrected case-notifications, expert opinions on the case-detection rate, prevalence surveys, and estimated cause-specific mortality using Bayesian meta-regression to generate consistent trends in all parameters. We analysed malaria mortality and incidence using an updated cause of death database, a systematic analysis of verbal autopsy validation studies for malaria, and recent studies (2010-13) of incidence, drug resistance, and coverage of insecticide-treated bednets. FINDINGS: Globally in 2013, there were 1·8 million new HIV infections (95% uncertainty interval 1·7 million to 2·1 million), 29·2 million prevalent HIV cases (28·1 to 31·7), and 1·3 million HIV deaths (1·3 to 1·5). At the peak of the epidemic in 2005, HIV caused 1·7 million deaths (1·6 million to 1·9 million). Concentrated epidemics in Latin America and eastern Europe are substantially smaller than previously estimated. Through interventions including PMTCT and ART, 19·1 million life-years (16·6 million to 21·5 million) have been saved, 70·3% (65·4 to 76·1) in developing countries. From 2000 to 2011, the ratio of development assistance for health for HIV to years of life saved through intervention was US$4498 in developing countries. Including in HIV-positive individuals, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·5 million (7·4 million to 7·7 million), prevalence was 11·9 million (11·6 million to 12·2 million), and number of deaths was 1·4 million (1·3 million to 1·5 million) in 2013. In the same year and in only individuals who were HIV-negative, all-form tuberculosis incidence was 7·1 million (6·9 million to 7·3 million), prevalence was 11·2 million (10·8 million to 11·6 million), and number of deaths was 1·3 million (1·2 million to 1·4 million). Annualised rates of change (ARC) for incidence, prevalence, and death became negative after 2000. Tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals disproportionately occurs in men and boys (versus women and girls); 64·0% of cases (63·6 to 64·3) and 64·7% of deaths (60·8 to 70·3). Globally, malaria cases and deaths grew rapidly from 1990 reaching a peak of 232 million cases (143 million to 387 million) in 2003 and 1·2 million deaths (1·1 million to 1·4 million) in 2004. Since 2004, child deaths from malaria in sub-Saharan Africa have decreased by 31·5% (15·7 to 44·1). Outside of Africa, malaria mortality has been steadily decreasing since 1990. INTERPRETATION: Our estimates of the number of people living with HIV are 18·7% smaller than UNAIDS's estimates in 2012. The number of people living with malaria is larger than estimated by WHO. The number of people living with HIV, tuberculosis, or malaria have all decreased since 2000. At the global level, upward trends for malaria and HIV deaths have been reversed and declines in tuberculosis deaths have accelerated. 101 countries (74 of which are developing) still have increasing HIV incidence. Substantial progress since the Millennium Declaration is an encouraging sign of the effect of global action. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Simulating Indonesian fuel subsidy reform: a social accounting matrix analysis

The debate over phasing out fuel subsidies in Indonesia is quite intense. Recent studies pointed out an unfair distribution of subsidies. Besides this, the burden of fuel subsidies to Indonesian government is expected to increasingly continue in parallel with rising fuel consumption as well as international oil prices. However, recent experiences indicated that phasing out the fuel subsidy could potentially result in adverse effects in the economy. Then, the need for comprehensive economy-wide analyses in order to reveal diverse impacts of these subsidies, has emerged. The main objective of this study is to estimate the impacts of fuel subsidies from the economic, social, and environmental perspective, and to propose policy options for a subsidy reform. For this purpose, a social accounting matrix model is employed to simulate the impact analysis. Scenarios including reallocation of subsidy to either other sectors (sectoral subsidy) or income groups (target subsidy) are simulated and the social, economic and environmental impacts of these scenarios are presented. The results show that reallocation of fuel subsidy to other sectors will be able to positively increase the overall economic development, while compromising environmental aspects. The direct reallocation of subsidy to the low income households, on the other hand, will slow down overall economic development but show a positive result for social welfare

Antibacterial efficacy of copper-added chitosan nanoparticles: A confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of copper added chitosan nanoparticles (CU-CNPs) as an irrigation solution with different irrigants in terms of eliminating Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canals. Fifty mandibular premolar teeth were prepared and infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. After the incubation period, samples were randomly divided into a control group irrigated with distilled water and 4 experimental groups (n = 10) irrigated with as follows, %6 NaOCl, %6 NaOCl + %9 editronate (HEBP), Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), and CU-CNPs. To calculate the proportion of dead E. faecalis cell volume, stained using LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit and were scanned using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). All the irrigation solutions significantly (P < .05) killed the bacteria in the canal, except for the control group. CU-CNPs solution killed the highest (P < .05) number of bacteria compared with the other experimental groups. No significant difference was found between CNPs, NaOCl + HEBP, and NaOCl in terms of antibacterial activity. CU-CNPs solution was exhibited higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis