Bioplaguicida con base en Lecanecillim lecanii para el control de la mosca blanca de los invernaderos Trialeurodes vaporarium.

El artículo presenta el desarrollo de los bioplaguicidas con el aislamiento y la evaluación de microorganismos entomopatógenos, y con la producción, la formulación y la evaluación en campo de estos, también encontramos aspectos del desarrollo del bioplaguicida, la eficacia del bioplaguicida sobre un cultivo de habichuela y la eficacia del bioplaguicida sobre un cultivo de tomate bajo invernadero

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

A global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use in neonatal intensive care units: The no-more-antibiotics and resistance (NO-MAS-R) study

Background: Global assessment of antimicrobial agents prescribed to infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may inform antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Methods: We conducted a one-day global point prevalence study of all antimicrobials provided to NICU infants. Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were obtained including NICU level, census, birth weight, gestational/chronologic age, diagnoses, antimicrobial therapy (reason for use; length of therapy), antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), and 30-day in-hospital mortality. Findings: On July 1, 2019, 26 of infants (580/2,265; range, 0�100; median gestational age, 33 weeks; median birth weight, 1800 g) in 84 NICUs (51, high-income; 33, low-to-middle income) from 29 countries (14, high-income; 15, low-to-middle income) in five continents received �1 antimicrobial agent (92, antibacterial; 19, antifungal; 4, antiviral). The most common reasons for antibiotic therapy were �rule-out� sepsis (32) and �culture-negative� sepsis (16) with ampicillin (40), gentamicin (35), amikacin (19), vancomycin (15), and meropenem (9) used most frequently. For definitive treatment of presumed/confirmed infection, vancomycin (26), amikacin (20), and meropenem (16) were the most prescribed agents. Length of therapy for culture-positive and �culture-negative� infections was 12 days (median; IQR, 8�14) and 7 days (median; IQR, 5�10), respectively. Mortality was 6 (42, infection-related). An NICU ASP was associated with lower rate of antibiotic utilization (p = 0·02). Interpretation: Global NICU antibiotic use was frequent and prolonged regardless of culture results. NICU-specific ASPs were associated with lower antibiotic utilization rates, suggesting the need for their implementation worldwide. Funding: Merck & Co.; The Ohio State University College of Medicine Barnes Medical Student Research Scholarship © 2021 The Author

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Coatings and Thin-Film Technologies

The field of coatings and thin-film technologies is rapidly advancing to keep up with new uses for semiconductor, optical, tribological, thermoelectric, solar, security, and smart sensing applications, among others. In this sense, thin-film coatings and structures are increasingly sophisticated with more specific properties, new geometries, large areas, the use of heterogeneous materials and flexible and rigid coating substrates to produce thin-film structures with improved performance and properties in response to new challenges that the industry presents. This book aims to provide the reader with a complete overview of the current state of applications and developments in thin-film technology, discussing applications, health and safety in thin films, and presenting reviews and experimental results of recognized experts in the area of coatings and thin-film technologies

Evaluación de soya integral cocida y arroz paddy en la alimentación de pollas de levante

En la dieta de pollas semipesadas, de la línea Dekalb Warren, de 9 a 18 semanas, se reemplazó el sorgo por arroz paddy (0,50 y 100%) y se combinó con torta de so­ya ó soya integral cocida (SIC) (100° C x 35 minutos). Las aves se distribuyeron me­diante un diseño completamente al azar y un arreglo factorial 3x2, los tratamientos se aplicaron 5 veces y 60 aves confor­maron cada unidad experimental. En el 15 % de las aves de cada replicación se evaluó el efecto hasta el pico de postura. En la fase de levante hubo diferencias (P and lt; 0.01) en consumo, aumento de peso y conversión alimenticia. El arroz paddy y la SIC pueden reemplazar respectivamen­te el 100 % del sorgo y la torta de soya en la dieta. Hubo diferencias (P and lt; 0.05) en edad a la madurez sexual y pico de pos­tura, pero no 50% de postura atribuible al reemplazo de sorgo, disminuyendo la edad a la madurez sexual y retardándole el pico de postura conforme se incre­mentaron los niveles de reemplazo. Tam­bién hubo diferencias (P and lt; 0.05) en edad a la madurez sexual, 50%  y pico de pos­tura por la fuente de proteína; cuando se usó SIC presentándose más temprano la edad a la madurez sexual y 50% de pos­tura y más tarde la edad al pico da postu­ra. La mejor alternativa económica la cons­tituyó la dieta 100% arroz paddy + SIC.A experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect on growing pullets  (9 to 18 weeks) and from this age to peak produc­tion due to the replacement of 0, 50 and 100 % milo by paddy rice in combina­tion with soybean meal (SBM) or whole cooked  soybean (WCSB) in the diet. De­kalb Warren pullets alloted with a comple­tely randomized design and factorial arrangement 2x3, with 5 replications by treatment and 30 experimental units of 60 pullets each were used. A 15 % of the pullets of each replications were used to evaluate the effects of the 3 pro­duction phase. The statistical   analysis showed differences (P and lt; 0.01) in feed consumption, weight gain and feed effi­ciency due to the replacement of milo and to the protein source used. Paddy ri­ce and WCSB can respectively replace 100 %  milo and SBM in growing    pu­llets diet. There were differences (P and lt; 0.05) in sexual and peak production but not in 50 % production age due to the replacement of milo, decreasing the age to sexual maturity and increasing to peak production. Also, there were differences (