La Reforma Previsional en Argentina.

El reemplazo de los sistemas de reparto por otros de capitalización administrados por empresas privadas, se ha transformado en un elemento central en la mayoría de los países de Latinoamérica y Europa oriental ocupando un lugar creciente en el debate público europeo y en muchos países de Asia. 268 pag.Social Security

Quality Characteristics of Palm Olein in Frying Systems

The changes in quality characteristics of refined bleached and deodorised palmole in (RBD olein)during heating and heating with intermittent frying for 5hr/day for 8 consecutive days in 4 different systems were studied.The systems studied included (1)static heating of RED olein without antioxidant,(2)heating with intermittent frying using RBD olein without antioxidant,(3)heating with intermit tent frying using RBD olein to which 200 ppm of tertiary butylhydroquinone had been added prior to frying on the first day and (4) heating with intermittent frying using RBD olein which had tertiary butylhydroquinone topped up to a level of 200 ppm at the start of each day.The evaluation of oil quality included assessment of colour, iodine value, fatty acid composition, C18:2 remaining (%), polar components , dielectric constant, acid value, smoke point, polymers'content and uv absorbance at 232nm and 268 nm. The results showed that oil deterioration increases with increase sin heating and frying time.The useful frying life of RBD olein under these conditions is about 4 days when 27.0% polar components is taken as the accepted limit for frying oil. The addition of tertiary butylhydroquinone has some protective effect on the oil. This is most evident in system 4. The only observed undesirable effect of tertiary butylhydroquinone is that it caused darkening of the oil

Extraction and stripping of Cu(ii) ions from real industrial efffluent by continous liquid membrane / Anne Mitchelle Asap

The type of liquid membrane used in this work is the combination of bulk liquid membrane and emulsion liquid membrane operating in continuous mode. The existing method in of copper extraction such as solvent extraction, adsorption and chemical precipitation require additional step for removal and recovery of Cu(II). This drawback is overcome by using liquid membrane separation technique. The objective of this study is to remove and recover Cu(II) using liquid membrane. The feed phase is a real industrial wastewater that contain high amount of copper ions. The organic phase consist of waste cooking oil loaded with tributylphosphate (TBP) and di-2- ethylhexylphosphate (D2EHPA) and sulfuric acid as stripping phase. The parameter is feed flow rate at 3.79 L/hr, membrane flow rate at 2.73 1/hr and stripping phase at stagnant. The percent of extraction is evaluate at different reaction time and analyzed using inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The percent of extraction of Cu(II) is 44.22% at reaction time of 210 minute

GCP: Gossip-based Code Propagation for Large-scale Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have recently received an increasing interest. They are now expected to be deployed for long periods of time, thus requiring software updates. Updating the software code automatically on a huge number of sensors is a tremendous task, as ''by hand'' updates can obviously not be considered, especially when all participating sensors are embedded on mobile entities. In this paper, we investigate an approach to automatically update software in mobile sensor-based application when no localization mechanism is available. We leverage the peer-to-peer cooperation paradigm to achieve a good trade-off between reliability and scalability of code propagation. More specifically, we present the design and evaluation of GCP ({\emph Gossip-based Code Propagation}), a distributed software update algorithm for mobile wireless sensor networks. GCP relies on two different mechanisms (piggy-backing and forwarding control) to improve significantly the load balance without sacrificing on the propagation speed. We compare GCP against traditional dissemination approaches. Simulation results based on both synthetic and realistic workloads show that GCP achieves a good convergence speed while balancing the load evenly between sensors

Biochar and mineral acid soil phosphorus availability

This book provides an essential information for farmers, researchers and students on how biochar and phosphorus fertilisers are optimised to improve soil and crop productivity. It begins with the challenges in managing phosphorus in the mineral acid soils of the tropics and the existing and potential approaches in improving phosphorus availability in tropical agriculture. It also outlines methods of measuring indicators of soil properties and crop productivity. Furthermore, this book presents findings from experiments which optimised the use of biochar and phosphorus fertilisers

Fjernledelse i pandemitider: Hvordan påvirker fjernledelse medarbeidernes indre motivasjon til arbeidet?

Denne bacheloroppgaven undersøker fenomenet fjernledelse gjennom et teoretisk rammeverk fundamentert i motivasjon og ledelse. Formålet er å undersøke hvordan utvalgte ledere jobber for å opprettholde medarbeidernes indre motivasjon, under koronapandemien som har fordret distanse mellom partene. Tidsrammen strekker seg fra mars 2020 til april 2021, som er perioden hvor samfunnet var preget av sterkt innskjerpede tiltak. Konteksten for oppgaven er én internasjonal bedrift med hovedkontor i Norge. Problemstillingen for oppgaven er som følger: Hvordan påvirker fjernledelse medarbeidernes indre motivasjon til arbeidet? For å besvare problemstillingen har vi utledet tre forskningsspørsmål. Disse er fundamentert i teori om fjernledelse, transformasjonsledelse samt Deci og Ryans selvbestemmelsesteori. Tidligere forskning har vist at samtlige av disse kan medføre økt indre motivasjon hos medarbeidere. Oppgaven benytter derfor ulike teorier til å belyse forskjellige aspekter ved problemstillingen. Oppgavens metode har fulgt en kvalitativ tilnærming. Vi har innhentet data fra åtte informanter som alle arbeider i samme bedrift. Informantene har gjennomført dybdeintervjuer og er et strategisk utvalg bestående av medarbeidere og ledere. Oppgaven er skrevet med utgangspunkt i medarbeidernes perspektiv, men intervju av ledere har bidratt til en dypere forståelse av situasjonen. Funnene våre har avdekket at medarbeidernes motivasjon har blitt redusert ved fjernledelse. Vi har funnet flere årsaker til dette. Blant årsakene finner vi svekket organisasjonstilhørighet og oppfølging, samt reduserte muligheter for kompetanseutvikling

Propuesta didáctica para el desarrollo de las competencias matemáticas en estudiantes de cinco años del nivel inicial en una institución educativa pública de Bagazán, Datem del Marañón, Loreto

Este presente trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar una propuesta didáctica para el desarrollo de las competencias matemáticas en los estudiantes de cinco años, en una institución educativa de Bagazán, Datem del Marañón, Loreto. Contiene tres capítulos: en el primer capítulo se describe el marco situacional, el diagnóstico, las características de la institución educativa y los objetivos. En el segundo capítulo, se presenta los tres autores; Piaget con la teoría del desarrollo cognitivo; Vygotsky con la teoría sociocultural; y Ausubel con la teoría significativa; también, contiene definiciones de términos básicos. En el tercer capítulo, se elabora la programación anual, esta contiene las unidades, sesiones e instrumentos de evaluación. Finaliza con las conclusiones, recomendaciones.This present work aims to design a didactic proposal for the development of mathematical skills in five-year-old students, in a educational institution of Bagazán, Datem del Marañón, Loreto. Contains three chapters: The first chapter describes the situational framework, the diagnosis, the characteristics of the educational institution and the objectives. In the second chapter, the three authors; Piaget with the theory of cognitive development; Vygotsky with the theory sociocultural; and Ausubel with the significant theory; also contains definitions of basic terms. In the third chapter, the annual programming is elaborated, it contains units, sessions and evaluation instruments. End with conclusions recommendations

Using soil water to control ammonia emission from acid soils with and without chicken litter biochar

Although urea use in agriculture is on the increase, increase in pH at soil microsite due to urea hydrolysis which causes ammonia emission can reduce N use efficiency. Among the interventions used to mitigate ammonia loss include urease inhibitors, clinoptilolite zeolite, coated urea, and biochar but with little attention to the use of soil water levels to control ammonia volatilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil water levels on ammonia volatilization from soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Dry soils with and without chicken litter biochar were subjected to 0%, 25% 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% soil water. There was no urea hydrolysis in the soil without water. Chicken litter biochar as soil amendment effectively mitigated ammonia loss at 1% to 32% and 80% to 115% field capacity. However, urea used on soil only showed lower ammonia loss at 33% to 79% and 116% to 125% field capacity compared with the soils with chicken litter biochar. At 50% field capacity ammonia loss was high in soils with and without chicken litter biochar. Although chicken litter biochar is reputed for improving soil chemical properties, water levels in this present study affected soil chemical properties differently. Fifty percent field capacity, significantly reduced soil chemical properties. These findings suggest that timely application of urea at the right field capacity can mitigate ammonia emission. Therefore, whether soils are amended with or without chicken litter biochar, urea application should be avoided at 50% field capacity especially in irrigated crops

ANALISIS EKONOMI DAN FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI JUMLAH KUNJUNGAN OBJEK WISATA PANTAI SANTOLO KABUPATEN GARUT

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