Detección y seguimiento de rostros

El objetivo fundamental del proyecto es el seguimiento del rostro, una vez detectado el rostro en la imagen mediante la función cvHaarDetectObjects (de las librerías de las OPENCV) procederemos a desactivar ésta función para luego continuar con el seguimiento mediante la estimación de movimiento. Cada cierto tiempo se hará un refresco para evitar que los errores se acumulen en el tiempo. Se podría decir que es una optimización de la función cvHaarDetectObjects, o un complemento de ésta; ya que, al trabajar conjuntamente, la vuelve más rápida, alcanzando en ciertos casos específicos, la iteración a tiempo real. La idea fundamental de éste proyecto; es decir, el funcionamiento del método reconoce de la clase Seguimiento, está inspirada en la codificación de video MPEG 1, el cual utiliza imágenes intra (I) e inter (P). Las imágenes intra son aquellas que contienen toda la información y en la cual se produce la reducción de la resolución espacial para la codificación de video; además se refrescan cada cierto tiempo. Su análogo en nuestro proyecto es la información que nos facilita la función cvHaarDetectObjects. Las imágenes inter o predictivas, tienen sólo la información necesaria y son usadas para reducir la resolución temporal del video mediante la estimación de movimiento, su análogo en nuestro proyecto es el método reconoce de la clase Seguimiento. Para la realización del proyecto se ha utilizado Visual Studio 2008 como entorno de desarrollo, C++ como lenguaje de programación y las librerías de las OpenCV, para obtener el máximo rendimiento en el seguimiento de rostros, como muestra la siguiente imagen.Ingeniería Técnica en Sistemas de Telecomunicació

Gestión administrativa y relaciones interpersonales en la Institución Educativa Agroindustrial José Gabriel Condorcanqui del Centro Poblado Túpac Amaru I- Bagua 2016

La presente investigación tiene como propósito fundamental Determinar la relación que existe entre la Gestión administrativa y relaciones interpersonales en la Institución Educativa Agroindustrial José Gabriel Condorcanqui del Centro Poblado Túpac Amaru I-Bagua 2016 La población estuvo constituida por 12 docentes de la I.E. José Gabriel Condorcanqui del Centro Poblado Túpac Amaru I. Los datos fueron recogidos a través del test para contrastar y validar los resultados obtenidos mediante técnicas estadísticas, y verificar el grado de influencia en el desarrollo de las relaciones interpersonales y la gestión administrativa El tipo de investigación es descriptiva correlacional, con diseño no experimental, con la aplicación de un test; esto nos permitió determinar el grado de influencia de las relaciones interpersonales y la gestión administrativa. Luego de haber aplicado el test se pudo determinar la relación existente, debemos afirmar que influyó de manera significativa las malas relaciones interpersonales en el nivel de la gestión administrativa

Detecting the optic disc boundary in digital fundus images using morphological, edge detection, and feature extraction techniques

Optic disc (OD) detection is an important step in developing systems for automated diagnosis of various serious ophthalmic pathologies. This paper presents a new template-based methodology for segmenting the OD from digital retinal images. This methodology uses morphological and edge detection techniques followed by the Circular Hough Transform to obtain a circular OD boundary approximation. It requires a pixel located within the OD as initial information. For this purpose, a location methodology based on a voting-type algorithm is also proposed. The algorithms were evaluated on the 1200 images of the publicly available MESSIDOR database. The location procedure succeeded in 99% of cases, taking an average computational time of 1.67 s. with a standard deviation of 0.14 s. On the other hand, the segmentation algorithm rendered an average common area overlapping between automated segmentations and true OD regions of 86%. The average computational time was 5.69 s with a standard deviation of 0.54 s. Moreover, a discussion on advantages and disadvantages of the models more generally used for OD segmentation is also presented in this paper

Olive-Fruit Variety Classification by Means of Image Processing and Convolutional Neural Networks

The automation of classifcation and grading of horticultural products attending to different features comprises a major challenge in food industry. Thus, focused on the olive sector, which boasts of a huge range of cultivars, it is proposed a methodology for olive-fruit variety classifcation, approaching it as an image classifcation problem. To that purpose, 2,800 fruits belonging to seven different olive varieties were photographed. After processing these initial captures by means of image processing techniques, the resulting set of images of individual fruits were used to train, and continuedly to externally validate, the implementations of six different Convolutional Neural Networks architectures. This, in order to compute the classifers with which perform the variety categorization of the fruits. Remarkable hit rates were obtained after testing the classifers on the corresponding external validation sets. Thus, it was yielded a top accuracy of 95.91% when using the Inception-ResnetV2 architecture. The results suggest that the proposed methodology, once integrated into industrial conveyor belts, promises to be an advanced solution to postharvest olive-fruit processing and classifcation

Predicting Crop Evapotranspiration under Non-Standard Conditions Using Machine Learning Algorithms, a Case Study for Vitis vinifera L. cv Tempranillo

This study focuses on assessing the accuracy of supervised machine learning regression algorithms (MLAs) in predicting actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc act) for a deficit irrigated vineyard of Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo, influenced by a typical Mediterranean climate. The standard approach of using the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) crop evapotranspiration under standard conditions (FAO-56 Kc-ET0) to estimate ETc act for irrigation purposes faces limitations in row-based, sparse, and drip irrigated crops with large, exposed soil areas, due to data requirements and potential shortcomings. One significant challenge is the accurate estimation of the basal crop coefficient (Kcb), which can be influenced by incorrect estimations of the effective transpiring leaf area and surface resistance. The research results demonstrate that the tested MLAs can accurately estimate ETc act for the vineyard with minimal errors. The Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) values were found to be in the range of 0.019 to 0.030 mm·h⁻¹. Additionally, the obtained MLAs reduced data requirements, which suggests their feasibility to be used to optimize sustainable irrigation management in vineyards and other row crops. The positive outcomes of the study highlight the potential advantages of employing MLAs for precise and efficient estimation of crop evapotranspiration, leading to improved water management practices in vineyards. This could promote the adoption of more sustainable and resource-efficient irrigation strategies, particularly in regions with Mediterranean climates.We acknowledge FCT Research Unit “GREEN-IT-Bioresources for Sustainability” (UIDB/04551/2020 and UIDP/04551/2020) for financial support. We also thank the support of the research units CITES, Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad, Universidad de Huelva, and LEAF (UID/AGR/04129/2019). We also address our acknowledgements to Herdade do Esporão (Reguengos de Monsaraz, Alentejo, PT) and Rui Flores for their contribution to field management of the experimental vineyard

Implementación del mantenimiento preventivo para mejorar la Productividad del área de vehículos convertidos a GLP, Empresa Vari Almacenes SAC, Callao, 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue la implementación del mantenimiento preventivo mejora la productividad de la empresa Vari Almacenes S.A.C, Callao, 2021. La investigación es de tipo aplicada, Enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel explicativo, alcance longitudinal, diseño pre experimental. La población y muestra estará conformada por los equipos que participan en el área de convertidos a GLP. Las técnicas aplicadas fueron la observación, y análisis documental, mediante una ficha de observación. Los resultados descriptivos muestran una media de 35.33% en productividad antes de incoar el mantenimiento preventivo, y luego de la aplicación, este indicador subió a 84.85%, la prueba de Wilcoxon arrojo una significancia de 0.000, y unas diferencias entre medias de 49.52% positiva, indicando la mejora de la productividad posterior a la aplicación del mantenimiento. De igual forma, se comprobó la mejora en eficienciade 39.58%, y en eficacia de 24.68%. Se concluyó que la implementación de un mantenimiento preventivo mejora los indicadores de productividad, eficiencia y eficacia del área de conversión a GLP. Se recomendó a la empresa, difundir el mantenimiento preventivo en el tiempo, y obtener datos, así como de aplicar una normativa interna general de prevención

Gestión de cuentas por cobrar y el impacto en la liquidez de la Asociación del círculo militar de Supervisores Técnicos y Sub oficiales del ejército (ACM-STS), año 2023

El trabajo de Suficiencia profesional – TSP “Gestión de cuentas por cobrar y el impacto en la liquidez de la Asociación del círculo militar de Supervisores Técnicos y Sub oficiales del ejército (ACM-STS), año 2023”, tiene como objetivo identificar y prevenir aquella problemática que pueda afectar la solvencia de la empresa. En primer lugar; hemos revisado el contexto de la organización y el diagnóstico de la situación la problemática que está relacionada a las cuentas por cobrar, con la identificación de falta de mecanismos legales de cobro, falta de personal especializado en la gestión de cobranzas que impide un control adecuado de las cuentas incobrables. En segundo lugar, hemos identificado las posibles soluciones, reforzando los procedimientos, lineamientos, directivas de créditos y cobranzas, gestionando capacitaciones al personal para el manejo adecuado de las cuentas por cobrar lo cual implica contratar una empresa consultora para la elaboración de procedimientos empresariales, así como para las capacitaciones del personal encargado. Obteniendo así una reducción de los errores y mejorando las habilidades del personal. Finalmente, la investigación nos demuestra que, con la implementación de la mejora en los procedimientos, lineamientos y directivas de créditos, gestionando las capacitaciones constantes al personal, optimizara la liquidez de la asociación.The work of Professional Sufficiency – TSP “Management of accounts receivable and the impact on the liquidity of the Association of the military circle of Technical Supervisors and Sub-officers of the Army (ACM-STS), year 2023”, aims to identify and prevent the problems that may affect the solvency of the company. First of all; We have reviewed the context of the organization and the diagnosis of the situation, the problem that is related to accounts receivable, with the identification of a lack of legal collection mechanisms and, lack of personnel specialized in collection management that prevents adequate control of uncollectible accounts. Secondly, we have identified possible solutions, reinforcing the procedures, guidelines, credit, and collection directives, managing training for staff for the proper management of accounts receivable, which implies hiring a consulting company to develop business procedures, as well as for the training of the personnel in charge. Thus obtaining a reduction in errors and improving staff skills. Finally, the research shows us that, with the implementation of the improvement in the procedures, guidelines, and credit directives, and managing constant staff training, the liquidity of the association will be optimized.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

A preliminary evaluation of a low-cost multispectral sensor for non-destructive evaluation of olive fruits’ fat content

[Abstract] This study presents a preliminary evaluation of a low-cost multispectral device for the non-destructive assessment of olive fruits’ fat content. The developed device integrates a multispectral sensor, with a spectral response of 18 channels falling in a range from 410 to 940 nm, a calibrated light source, and a programmable board, in a ‘gun’-shaped device whose trigger activates sample reading. The device was used to measure 50 intact olive samples, which were subsequently chemically analysed to determine their actual fat content. Then, the multispectral readings from the 18 channels were used as input variables to train a neural network, using the actual fat content registers as reference data. The measured results, in terms of root-mean-square-error and coefficient of determination, shows promising capabilities of the developed low-cost device in the prediction of fat content of intact olives, what stands up for further development and experimentation.This work was supported by grant PID2020- 119217RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and grant IJC2019-040114-I funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, and also by project TIColiVA with grant P18-RTJ-4539 funded by the Regional Government of Andalusia through the “PAIDI, Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación”. The authors would also like to thank “Cooperativa Nuestra Señora de la Oliva”, for generously providing the olive samples with which this research was conducted.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; 10.13039/501100011033Junta de Andalucía; P18-RTJ-453

Monitoring and mapping soil functionality in degraded areas of organic European vineyards

Póster presentado en el 11th International Terroir Congress, celebrado en Willamette Valley, Oregon (Estados Unidos) del 10 al 14 de julio de 2016.Soil malfunctioning, caused by an improper land preparation before vine plantation and/or management, is a common problem in European vineyards. Soil malfunctioning can include: reduced contribution of the soil fauna, poor organic matter content, imbalance nutritional status, altered pH, water deficiency, soil compaction and/or scarce oxygenation. To address these problems, ReSolVe, a transnational European research project, aimed at testing the effects of selected agronomic strategies for restoring optimal soil functionality in degraded areas within organic vineyard. The project involves 8 research groups in 6 different EU countries (Italy, Spain, France, Sweden, Slovenia, and Turkey) with experts from several disciplines including soil science, ecology, microbiology, grapevine physiology, viticulture, and biometry. The experimental vineyards are situated in Italy (Chianti hills and Maremma plain, Tuscany), Spain (La Rioja), France (Bordeaux and Languedoc), and Slovenia (Primorska) for winegrapes, and in Turkey (Adana and Mersin) for tablegrapes. Three different restoring strategies have been implemented: (i) compost, (ii) green manure with winter legumes, and (iii) dry mulching with cover crops. These strategies have being tested according to their efficiency to improve i) plant and root growth; and ii) grape yield and quality; optimize iii) the quality of soil ecosystem services; and iv) the terroir effect. The first activity of the project was characterizing and mapping the degraded areas within experimental vineyards. In the work we used non-invasive technologies to characterize soil and plant status. In Spanish and Italian vineyards, the delineation of degraded areas was performed by gamma-ray spectroscopy for topsoil, RGB machine vision for canopy status and thermography for plant water status. Gamma-ray spectroscopy measured continuously the natural gamma-ray emitted from the first 30-40 cm of soil, calculating the contribution of the main radionuclides (40K, 232Th, and 238U). The spectra of gamma-ray were able to provide information about mineralogy, texture, surficial stoniness and carbonates. RGB and thermal cameras were used to assess canopy porosity, leaf area exposure and vine water status of both degraded and non-degraded areas. All soil, canopy and water status parameters were mapped.Peer Reviewe

A New Low-Cost Device Based on Thermal Infrared Sensors for Olive Tree Canopy Temperature Measurement andWater Status Monitoring

In recent years, many olive orchards, which are a major crop in the Mediterranean basin, have been converted into intensive or super high-density hedgerow systems. This configuration is more e cient in terms of yield per hectare, but at the same time the water requirements are higher than in traditional grove arrangements. Moreover, irrigation regulations have a high environmental (through water use optimization) impact and influence on crop quality and yield. The mapping of (spatio-temporal) variability with conventional water stress assessment methods is impractical due to time and labor constraints, which often involve staff training. To address this problem, this work presents the development of a new low-cost device based on a thermal infrared (IR) sensor for the measurement of olive tree canopy temperature and monitoring of water status. The performance of the developed device was compared to a commercial thermal camera. Furthermore, the proposed device was evaluated in a commercially managed olive orchard, where two different irrigation treatments were established: a full irrigation treatment (FI) and a regulated deficit irrigation (RDC), aimed at covering 100% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), respectively. Predawn leaf water potential (YPD) and stomatal conductance (gs), two widely accepted indicators for crop water status, were regressed to the measured canopy temperature. The results were promising, reaching a coeffcient of determination R2 > 0.80. On the other hand, the crop water stress index (CWSI) was also calculated, resulting in a coeffcient of determination R2 > 0.79. The outcomes provided by the developed device support its suitability for fast, low-cost, and reliable estimation of an olive orchard’s water status, even suppressing the need for supervised acquisition of reference temperatures. The newly developed device can be used for water management, reducing water usage, and for overall improvements to olive orchard management.The research and APC were funded by the Interreg Cooperation Program V-A SPAIN-PORTUGAL (POCTEP) 2014–2020 and co-financed with ERDF (European Regional Development Fund), grant number 0155_TECNOLIVO_6_E, within the scope of the TecnOlivo Project. Dr. Borja Millán is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities through a Juan de la Cierva-Formación Grant (FJCI-2017-31824).The research and APC were funded by the Interreg Cooperation Program V-A SPAIN-PORTUGAL (POCTEP) 2014–2020 and co-financed with ERDF (European Regional Development Fund), grant number 0155_TECNOLIVO_6_E, within the scope of the TecnOlivo Project. Dr. Borja Mill á n is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities through a Juan de la Cierva-Formaci ó n Grant (FJCI-2017-31824)