Benchmarks and implementation of the ALICE high level trigger

The ALICE high level trigger combines and processes the full information from all major detectors in a large computer cluster. Data rate reduction is achieved by reducing the event rate by selecting interesting events (software trigger) and by reducing the event size by selecting sub-events and by advanced data compression. Reconstruction chains for the barrel detectors and the forward muon spectrometer have been benchmarked. The HLT receives a replica of the raw data via the standard ALICE DDL link into a custom PCI receiver card (HLT-RORC). These boards also provide a FPGA co-processor for data-intensive tasks of pattern recognition. Some of the pattern recognition algorithms (cluster finder, Hough transformation) have been re-designed in VHDL to be executed in the Virtex-4 FPGA on the HLT-RORC. HLT prototypes were operated during the beam tests of the TPC and TRD detectors. The input and output interfaces to DAQ and the data flow inside of HLT were successfully tested. A full-scale prototype of the dimuon-HLT achieved the expected data flow performance. This system was finally embedded in a GRID-like system of several distributed clusters demonstrating the scalability and fault-tolerance of the HL

Event-by-event mean pT fluctuations in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum of charged particles produced in pp collisions at TeX TeX 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV, and Pb–Pb collisions at TeX TeX 2.76 TeV are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Dynamical fluctuations indicative of correlated particle emission are observed in all systems. The results in pp collisions show little dependence on collision energy. The Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET are in qualitative agreement with the data. Peripheral Pb–Pb data exhibit a similar multiplicity dependence as that observed in pp. In central Pb–Pb, the results deviate from this trend, featuring a significant reduction of the fluctuation strength. The results in Pb–Pb are in qualitative agreement with previous measurements in Au–Au at lower collision energies and with expectations from models that incorporate collective phenomena

Measurement of the Cross Section for Electromagnetic Dissociation with Neutron Emission in Pb-Pb Collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

The first measurement of neutron emission in electromagnetic dissociation of 208Pb nuclei at the LHC is presented. The measurement is performed using the neutron Zero Degree Calorimeters of the ALICE experiment, which detect neutral particles close to beam rapidity. The measured cross sections of single and mutual electromagnetic dissociation of Pb nuclei at √sNN = 2.76 TeV with neutron emission are σ_single EMD = 187.2±0.2 (stat.) +13.8−12.0 (syst.) b and σ_mutual EMD = 6.2 ± 0.1 (stat.) ±0.4 (syst.) b respectively. The experimental results are compared to the predictions from a relativistic electromagnetic dissociation model.publishedVersio

Inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

The transverse momentum (p T) dependence of the nuclear modification factor R AA and the centrality dependence of the average transverse momentum 〈p T〉 for inclusive J/ψ have been measured with ALICE for Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV in the e+e− decay channel at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.8). The 〈p T〉 is significantly smaller than the one observed for pp collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy. Consistently, an increase of R AA is observed towards low p T. These observations might be indicative of a sizable contribution of charm quark coalescence to the J/ψ production. Additionally, the fraction of non-prompt J/ψ from beauty hadron decays, f B, has been determined in the region 1.5 < p T < 10 GeV/c in three centrality intervals. No significant centrality dependence of f B is observed. Finally, the R AA of non-prompt J/ψ is discussed and compared with model predictions. The nuclear modification in the region 4.5 < p T < 10 GeV/c is found to be stronger than predicted by most models

Where Brain, Body and World Collide

The production cross section of electrons from semileptonic decays of beauty hadrons was measured at mid-rapidity (|y| &lt; 0.8) in the transverse momentum range 1 &lt; pt &lt; 8 Gev/c with the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at a center of mass energy sqrt{s} = 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 2.2 nb^{-1}. Electrons from beauty hadron decays were selected based on the displacement of the decay vertex from the collision vertex. A perturbative QCD calculation agrees with the measurement within uncertainties. The data were extrapolated to the full phase space to determine the total cross section for the production of beauty quark-antiquark pairs

Measurement of the cross section for electromagnetic dissociation with neutron emission in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

The first measurement of neutron emission in electromagnetic dissociation of 208 Pb nuclei at the LHC is presented. The measurement is performed using the neutron zero degree calorimeters of the ALICE experiment, which detect neutral particles close to beam rapidity. The measured cross sections of single and mutual electromagnetic dissociation of Pb nuclei at √ s NN = 2.76     TeV with neutron emission are σ singleEMD = 187.4 ± 0.2 ( stat ) + 13.2 − 11.2 ( syst )     b and σ mutualEMD = 5.7 ± 0.1 ( stat ) ± 0.4 ( syst )     b , respectively. The experimental results are compared to the predictions from a relativistic electromagnetic dissociation model

Measurement of electrons from beauty hadron decays in pp collisions at root √s=7 TeV

The production cross section of electrons from semileptonic decays of beauty hadrons was measured at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.8) in the transverse momentum range 1 < pT <8 GeV/c with the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at a center of mass energy √s = 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 2.2 nb−1. Electrons from beauty hadron decays were selected based on the displacement of the decay vertex from the collision vertex. A perturbative QCD calculation agrees with the measurement within uncertainties. The data were extrapolated to the full phase space to determine the total cross section for the production of beauty quark–antiquark pairs.publishedVersio

Transverse Momentum Distribution and Nuclear Modification Factor of Charged Particles in p-Pb Collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum $p_T$ distribution of primary charged particles is measured in non single-diffractive p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The $p_T$ spectra measured near central rapidity in the range 0.5 < $p_T$ < 20 GeV/c exhibit a weak pseudorapidity dependence. The nuclear modification factor $R_{pPb}$ is consistent with unity for $p_T$ above 2 GeV/c. This measurement indicates that the strong suppression of hadron production at high $p_T$ observed in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC is not due to an initial-state effect. The measurement is compared to theoretical calculations.publishedVersio