Inclusiones fluidas en el yacimiento aurífero de "El Cabaco" provincia de Salamanca

[Resumen] En este estudio se caracterizan las inclusiones fluidas en filones de cuarzo del área mineralizada de El Cabaco, asociados al granito hercínico de La Alberca-Sequeros en su borde noroccidental (Sur de la provincia de Salamanca). En los filones mineralizados, a lo largo de los planos de crecimiento del cuarzo, se han observado dos tipos principales de inclusiones fluidas desde un punto de vista composiciona1. Uno de ellos (tipo A) es rico en CH4, con cantidades menores de C02, y el otro (tipo B) es rico en H20 con C02 (± CH4). Estos datos se interpretan como el resultado de un fenómeno de inmiscibilidad de un fluido inicial rico en H20-CH4 y con algo de C02. También se han observado otras inclusiones (tipo C), grandes y abundantes (claramente secundarias) principalmente de dos fases, ricas en H20 y a veces con inclusiones minerales. En las zonas silicificadas o de greisen en torno a los filones, así como en un dique granítico, las inclusiones fluidas tienen una composición similar a la de los cuarzos filonianos. Sin embargo se han deducido temperaturas en formación de 485 ± 15°C para el dique granítico y el greisen y presiones algo menores a 1 Kb; los filones de cuarzo se formaron a temperaturas que no exceden 386°C y presiones menores de < 300 bares.[Abstract] This study characterizes fluid inclusions in veins associated with the emplacement of granite-hosted gold mineralization in the southern pan of the Province of Salamanca Spain. Within the mineralized veins, along planes of quanz growth, two main different compositional types of fluid inclusions were observed. One type (A) is rich in CH4, with minar C02, and the type (B) is rich in H20 with C02 (± CH4). These are interpreted as reflecting the inmiscibility of an initial fluid rich in H20CH4 and sorne C02. Large and abundant (cleary secondary) mainly two phase H20 rich inclusions (Type C) have seen observed also. Similar composition inclusion are seen in the granite cross-cutting vein mineralization and in the silification with mineralization of the greisen formed in a gra nitie dike. However, differenees regardin P-T conditions of formation have been dedueed from the interseetion of the isoehores obtained in the mierothermometrie study of the inclusions. These are eonsistent with the temperatures ealculated from the arsenopyrite-pyrite geothemometer (after mieroprobe measurement). Formation temperatures of 485 ± 15°C were dedueed for the mineralization in the greisen of the granitie dike and pressures under 1 x 108 Pa. The veins were formed at temperatures not exeeeding 386°C and < 300 x 105 Pa pressureFluid inclusions in the auriferous «El Cabaco» zone, Salamanca province, Spai

Geochemical clistribution of An in granites with locle mineralizations in As, W ancl Au (NW of Salamanca)

[Resumen] Ante las pruebas de la existencia de altas incidencias de cáncer de próstata en una zona de la provincia de Salamanca y habiendo descartado los factores etiológicos más comunes como su posible causa (MAYOR ARENAL, 1988), se concluye que el único factor de riesgo posible se debería a la existencia de algún factor carcinógeno ambiental. Se realizó una prospección geoquímica de Cd en esta zona dada la relación etiológica de este elemento con dicha enfermedad y se ha constatado que efectivamente existe una anomalía de Cd en los sedimentos de arroyo, que no se corresponde con actividades antropogénicas, sino que son anomalías regionales de los contenidos propios de este elemento en el sustrato, evidenciándose así como potencial factor de riesgo los contenidos de Cd en los suelos desarrollados sobre rocas anómalas en dicho elemento.[Abstract] A high ineidence of prostate cancer has been observed in certain areas of the province of Salamanca. Spain. Mter ruling out the most common etiological factors as the cause (MAYOR ARENAL, 1988) it is concluded that the only possible risk factor must be due to the presence of some environmental carcinogen. In view of the etiological relationship between Cd and the patological state, a study was carried out on the geochemistry of this element in this area. Anomalous amounts of Cd were found in stream sediments and it was observed that this anomaly does not correspond to human activity but rather to high regional amounts of cadmium in the substrate. Thus, the contents of Cd in soils developed over substrates containing naturally-ocurring anomalous amounts of cadmiun should be considered as a real new risk factor

Repercusión de la exposición y reestructuración cognitiva sobre la fobia social

El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en conocer la eficacia y repercusión de la exposición y reestructuración cognitiva en variables de síntomas psicopatológicos en 85 fóbicos sociales. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a las siguientes modalidades experimentales: a) exposición y reestructuración cognitiva empleados de forma conjunta (10 sesiones); b) exposición (5 sesiones) seguida de reestructuración cognitiva (5 sesiones) y c) grupo control que después de 3 meses recibió reestructuración cognitiva (5 sesiones) seguida de exposición (5 sesiones). Los resultados indican un beneficio global tanto en la remisión de la sintomatología psicopatológica asociada a la fobia social, como en el aumento de la autoestima y asertividad no existiendo diferencias significativas entre las modalidades de tratamiento contempladas.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the exposure and cognitive therapy on symptoms of psychopathology of 85 social phobia patients. The participants were randomly assigned to the following experimental conditions: a) the combination of exposure and cognitive restructuring (10 sessions); b) exposure (5 sessions) followed by cognitive restructuring (5 sessions) and c) a control group that after three months received cognitive restructuring (5 sessions) followed by exposure (5 sessions). Results indicate full remission of the psychopathology levels associated to the presence of social phobia, as well as in higher levels of self-esteem and assertiveness, not existing significant differences between the treatments used

Projet AGIL. Chantier pilote de la Réunion : compte-rendu de la mission CIRAD, IRD, IFREMER du lundi 22 mars au vendredi 2 avril 2004

AGIL pour Aide à la Gestion Intégrée des Littoraux est à la fois : a) un projet de recherche action répondant à l'appel d'offre du Réseau Terre-Espace lancé par le Ministère de la Recherche et de la Technologie pour accroître les applications du spatial et mieux faire correspondre l'offre en ce domaine à la demande des utilisateurs ; b) un consortium d'instituts publics et d'entreprises privées regroupant le BRGM, BRL Ingénierie, le CNES, le CIRAD, l'IFREMER, l'IRD et SCOT1 pour mettre en oeuvre ce projet et développer une offre de services aux échelles nationale et internationale sur la gestion intégrée des littoraux. Commencé en avril 2003, le projet AGIL est d'une durée de deux ans. La première année a été consacrée à un état de l'art portant sur la gestion intégrée des zones côtières (GIZC), sur les capteurs spatiaux et sur l'utilisation de la télédétection pour la GIZC. De cet état de l'art, ont été tirés des enseignements qui seront mis en oeuvre dans le cadre de deux chantiers "pilotes", l'un situé en zone tempérée, il s'agit du littoral du Languedoc-Roussillon, l'autre en zone tropicale, il s'agit du littoral de la Côte Ouest de l'île de La Réunion. Travailler sur ces chantiers, doit permettre au consortium AGIL de faire la démonstration de ses capacités d'intégration de ses moyens en compétences et outils. Le choix du site de La Réunion s'est vite imposé en raison des considérations suivantes : a) le territoire est de taille modeste mais est l'objet d'enjeux institutionnels forts, qu'il s'agisse ; (i) du projet de création d'une réserve marine sur son littoral corallien, (ii) de la mise en oeuvre de l'intercommunalité dans un contexte marqué par des communes étendues depuis la ligne de rivage jusqu'au sommet des bassins versants, (iii) de la gouvernance d'un espace soumis à une pression anthropique élevée, génératrice de tensions sociales et de dégradations écologiques potentielles ; b) la gestion intégrée du littoral passe par la prise en compte des dynamiques naturelles et anthropiques des bassins versants ; c) les usages du littoral sont multiples : pêche vivrière, récréative, commerciale informelle, tourismes international et local, habitat balnéaire,... d) Il existe de nombreuses données mobilisables ; ainsi, rapporté à sa taille, le "lagon de La Réunion" est probablement le plus étudié au monde. Objectifs de la mission : - Rétablir le contact avec les acteurs locaux et partenaires à associer au projet ; - Positionner le projet AGIL par rapport aux partenaires institutionnels et aux autres projets en cours portant sur le littoral ou les bassins versants de la zone étudiée ; - Définir la démarche à mettre en oeuvre ; - Elaborer le programme de travail des "fiches cas" et leur calendrier. (Résumé d'auteur

The evolution of lithium depletion in young open clusters: NGC 6475

We have carried out a high resolution spectroscopic survey of the 220-250 Myr old cluster NGC 6475: our main purpose is to investigate Li evolution during the early stages of the Main Sequence. We have determined Li abundances for 33 late F to K-type X-ray selected cluster candidates, extending the samples already available in the literature; for part of the stars we obtained radial and rotational velocities, allowing us to confirm the membership and to check for binarity. We also estimated the cluster metallicity which turned out to be over-solar ([Fe/H]=+0.14 +/-0.06). Our Li analysis evidenced that (i) late F-type stars (Teff > 6000 K) undergo a very small amount of Li depletion during the early phases on the ZAMS; (ii) G-type stars (6000 > Teff > 5500 K) instead do deplete lithium soon after arrival on the ZAMS. Whereas this result is not new, we show that the time scale for Li depletion in these stars is almost constant between 100 and 600 Myr; (iii) we confirm that the spread observed in early K-type stars in younger clusters has converged by 220 Myr. No constraints can be put on later-type stars. (iv) Finally, we investigate the effect of metallicity on Li depletion by comparing NGC 6475 with the similar age cluster M 34, but we show that the issue remains open, given the uncertain metallicity of the latter cluster. By using the combined NGC 6475 + M 34 sample together with the Hyades and the Pleiades, we compare quantitatively Li evolution from the ZAMS to 600 Myr with theoretical predictions of standard models.Comment: to appear in A&

The first magnetic maps of a pre-main sequence binary star system - HD 155555

We present the first maps of the surface magnetic fields of a pre-main sequence binary system. Spectropolarimetric observations of the young, 18 Myr, HD 155555 (V824 Ara, G5IV + K0IV) system were obtained at the Anglo-Australian Telescope in 2004 and 2007. Both datasets are analysed using a new binary Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) code. This allows us to simultaneously model the contribution of each component to the observed circularly polarised spectra. Stellar brightness maps are also produced for HD 155555 and compared to previous Doppler images. Our radial magnetic maps reveal a complex surface magnetic topology with mixed polarities at all latitudes. We find rings of azimuthal field on both stars, most of which are found to be non-axisymmetric with the stellar rotational axis. We also examine the field strength and the relative fraction of magnetic energy stored in the radial and azimuthal field components at both epochs. A marked weakening of the field strength of the secondary star is observed between the 2004 and 2007 epochs. This is accompanied by an apparent shift in the location of magnetic energy from the azimuthal to radial field. We suggest that this could be indicative of a magnetic activity cycle. We use the radial magnetic maps to extrapolate the coronal field (by assuming a potential field) for each star individually - at present ignoring any possible interaction. The secondary star is found to exhibit an extreme tilt (~75 deg) of its large scale magnetic field to that of its rotation axis for both epochs. The field complexity that is apparent in the surface maps persists out to a significant fraction of the binary separation. Any interaction between the fields of the two stars is therefore likely to be complex also. Modelling this would require a full binary field extrapolation.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Active Trigger Points Are Associated With Anxiety and Widespread Pressure Pain Sensitivity in Women, but not Men, With Tension Type Headache

BACKGROUND: A better understanding of gender differences can assist clinicians in further developing therapeutic programs in tension type headache (TTH). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate gender differences in the presence of trigger points (TrPs) in the head, neck, and shoulder muscles and their relationship with headache features, pressure pain sensitivity, and anxiety in people with TTH. METHODS: Two hundred and ten (59 men, 151 women) patients with TTH participated. TrPs were bilaterally explored in the temporalis, masseter, suboccipital, upper trapezius, splenius capitis, and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Headache features were collected using a 4-week headache diary. Trait and state anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) over the temporalis, C5/C6 joint, second metacarpal, and tibialis anterior were assessed. RESULTS: Women with TTH exhibited a significantly higher number of total (P = 0.027) and active (P = 0.030), but similar number of latent (P = 0.461), TrPs than men with TTH. Active TrPs in the temporalis, suboccipital, and splenius capitis muscles were the most prevalent in both men and women with TTH. The number of active TrPs was associated with anxiety levels (r = 0.217; P = 0.045) in women, but not in men (P = 0.453): the higher the number of active TrPs, the more the trait levels of anxiety. Women exhibited lower PPTs than men (all, P < 0.001). In men, the number of active, but not latent, TrPs was negatively associated with localized PPTs (all, P < 0.05), whereas in women, the number of active and latent TrPs was negatively associated with PPTs in all points (all, P < 0.01): the higher the number of TrPs, the lower the widespread PPTs. CONCLUSIONS: This study described gender differences in the presence of TrPs in TTH. Women with TTH showed lower PPTs than men. The association between TrPs, anxiety levels, and pressure pain hyperalgesia seems to be more pronounced in women than in men with TTH