221 research outputs found

    El impacto de las microfinanzas sobre el crecimiento económico de los países en vías de desarrollo

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    Con el nacimiento y expansión de los microcréditos se ha abierto una nueva vía de financiación hacia los sectores de la población que carecen de medios pecuniarios. Estratos sociales que hasta ese momento no habían tenido acceso a posibilidades de financiación comienzan a adquirirla gracias a las salidas abiertas por las Instituciones Microfinacieras. En teoría, este fenómeno de divulgación de los microcréditos debería haber contribuido a la profundización financiera de los países implicados. Y basándonos en este supuesto, la sobresaliente ampliación de la financiación debería haber tenido un resultado concreto sobre el crecimiento económico. El estudio se centra por tanto, en el análisis del impacto que las microfinanzas tienen a nivel macroeconómico para lo cual se ha empleado, previa justificación, una variable para medir la microfinanciación. Este análisis se enmarca dentro de la rama de estudios que observa el comportamiento del binomio desarrollo financiero-crecimiento económico. Nuestra conjetura apunta a que se habría producido un movimiento a escala nacional como consecuencia de las millonarias operaciones efectuadas a escala doméstic

    Strength tests on asphalt mixes attacked by motor fuels. Recommendations on bath immersion times

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    [Abstract:] One of the limitations of asphalt mixes as pavement materials is their poor resistance to attack from crude oil-based motor fuels. Several procedures exist for determining the resistance of asphalt materials to motor fuel action. Different test standards can be found for fillers and surface dressings in both the US and European series. However, where the assessment of asphalt mixes themselves are concerned, there is a considerable lack of standardisation. This paper reports on laboratory studies on certain essential aspects of the procedures for assessing the strength of asphalt mixes in respect of motor fuel attack, chiefly the time the mix is exposed to the fuel. Based on the research results, the paper makes some good-practice recommendations for weight-loss procedures after immersion in motor fuel, with or without subsequent brushing, and in respect of the Marshall stability preserved after immersion. In relation to the immersion period and in view of the laboratory findings and their subsequent statistical processing, one of the factors with the greatest influence is the recommendation that the immersion period should be 24 hours, except in the weight-loss test subseuent to immersion without any brushing where the results obtained prove to be more significant if the immersion period is seven days

    Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni0.8Fe0.2/Ti Nanoscale Multilayers

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    The influence of the thickness of the Ni0.8Fe0.2 (Permalloy, Py) layers on the structural and magnetic properties of magnetron sputtered Py/Ti multilayers was studied. The thickness of the Py layers was varied in the interval of 8 to 30 angstrom. X-ray reflectivity scans evidence the existence of a well-defined layered structure in all the samples considered, but also the presence of a complex intermixed interface. The shape of both the temperature dependence of magnetization and the hysteresis loops of the multilayered structures depends strongly on Py thickness. Magnetic and reflectivity measurements were comparatively analyzed in order to better understand the structure of the samples, and specifically, their interfaces. In particular, the presence of small superparamagnetic Py at the interfaces of the samples, especially evident in the samples with the thinnest Py layers, seems confirmed by the magnetic measurements, agreeing well with the reflectivity results.The research was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 02.A03.21.0006) and by the Spanish projects MAT2014-58034-R (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, EU) and PEII-2014-042-P (JCCM/FEDER, EU)

    Microclimatic studies in Paranhos water galleries, Porto (Portugal)

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    Sanz Rubio, Enrique et al.-- 4 pages, 3 figures, 4 references.-- Proceedings of the International Congress on Science and Technology for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, held 2-5 october, Santiago de Compostela, España.Paranhos constitutes one of the main water galleries excavated in the granite substratum of Porto City (Portugal) to gather the groundwater for public use during the past six centuries. The interest of this water gallery is double: a) Cultural Heritage and scientific value, b) Underground geoturism. A multidisciplinary research to study the microclimatology, geochemistry, mineralogy and geomicrobiology of the Paranhos catchwork galleries is currently in progress. The characterization of the main environmental parameters (air-rock temperature, relative humidity, CO2, 222Rn, etc.) in the internal atmosphere would allow the establishment of: a) Fluid-rock interactions and development of a physical-chemical model of air-water-rock, as a base to define their relations with unusual mineral formations and microbial communities b) Microclimatic parameters and determination of effective radioactive dose for visitors based on 222Rn studies, as potential use as underground geotourism site under safe conditions.This research was supported by the Spanish Project CGL2011-25690.Peer reviewe

    Marine GIS Applications: GIS Spanish Institute of Oceanography

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    Poster presentado en el SIEBM XVIII Simposio Ibérico de Biología MarinaSince 1998 in the IEO is developing a MARINE GIS with the objective of organize, harmonize, standardize, integrated the geo-information of IEO. GIS tools are used in several projects carried out in the IEO related to study of living resources, natural resources, studies of evolution of natural phenomena, collecting data, marine spatial planning, etc

    Confrontation as a banner. Analysis of Vox’s political discourse in the 2021 Catalan elections

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    La campanya electoral de les eleccions al Parlament de Catalunya del 2021, primera convocatòria electoral catalana després de les eleccions excepcionals convocades pel president Mariano Rajoy el 2017, va introduir una novetat important en el mapa polític català: la participació de Vox en els comicis autonòmics catalans. Aquesta novetat es va sumar al context insòlit de l’organització d’unes eleccions durant la pandèmia de la COVID-19. En aquesta recerca s’analitza el contingut discursiu que utilitza la formació de dreta radical Vox per afrontar aquests comicis, a partir de la classificació dels principals components del seu discurs polític en els mítings realitzats durant la campanya i al programa electoral. S’arriba a la conclusió que els continguts discursius utilitzats durant la campanya per Vox es basen, principalment, en la confrontació amb el moviment independentista català, i deixen de banda altres temàtiques com la immigració o la confrontació amb el moviment feminista.The electoral  campaign of the 2021  Catalan elections,  which were the first Catalan elections to be called after the  exceptional elections which had been called by Spanish President Mariano Rajoy in 2017, introduced an  important novelty in Catalan politics: the participation of the Vox party in the  Catalan regional  elections. This  newness compounded the unusual context of organizing an election during the COVID-19 global pandemic. This research analyzes the discursive content used by the radical  right-wing party Vox to approach these elections. Specifically, to carry out this  analysis, the main components of Vox’s political discourse in the meetings held during the campaign, and the principal components of its electoral program, are classified by means of content analysis. The main conclusion is that Vox uses confrontation with the Catalan independence movement as its primary campaign message, leaving aside other characteristic issues of its discourse such as  immigration or confrontation with the feminist movement

    La acción comunitaria a través de los espacios intersectoriales y su influencia en la salud: un estudio ecológico.

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    Objetive: to assess the development of these community interventions executed at municipal level. Methods: Descriptive ecological study. 78 municipalities in Principality of Asturias have been the population under study. Municipal health agents answered an online survey adjusted from “Guía de Salud Comunitaria del Observatorio de Salud de Asturias” in addition to collecting health determinants variables, assets and results. The quantitative analysis methods were based on univariate, bivariate and linear regression analysis. The troubles at co-production identifies were analyzed by qualitative analysis. Results: 73% of the municipalities answered the survey (88% of the population). 70,2% out of 73% of the municipalities have got some type of intersectoral roundtables, in addition to lower income and population density, were associated to a higher crude mortality rate (+36,1%). 36 agents named the main issues to stimulating the community action: shortage of time, personnel and economic resources as well as the lack of continuity of the interventions. Conclusions: at the intersectoral worktables, Action phase prevailed over Evaluation and Proritize phases. Intersectoral worktables, together with health determinants and assets, seemed to reduce the crude mortality rate. The necessity of boosting the intersectoral worktables development is due to effect of the intersectoral on population health and the identified issuesObjetivo. Evaluar el desarrollo de actuaciones intersectoriales de salud comunitaria realizadas en el ámbito municipal. Método. Estudio descriptivo ecológico. La población a estudio han sido los 78 municipios del Principado de Asturias. Los referentes de salud municipales respondieron un cuestionario online adaptado de la Guía de Salud Comunitaria del Observatorio de Salud en Asturias; además se recogieron las variables: determinantes, activos y resultados de salud. Los métodos de análisis utilizados han sido cuantitativo univariante, bivariante y de regresión lineal múltiple, así como cualitativo para la identificación de dificultades. Resultados. Obtuvimos respuesta del 73% de municipios (correspondiente al 88% de la población asturiana), de los que el 70,2% tuvo algún espacio intersectorial. Los municipios sin espacios de coordinación, con menor renta y densidad poblacional se asociaron a mayores tasas de mortalidad bruta (+36,1%). 36 referentes identificaron las principales dificultades en la dinamización de la acción comunitaria: la escasez de recursos humanos, económicos y temporales y la continuidad de programas. Conclusiones. En el trabajo intersectorial, primó la fase de acción frente a la evaluación y priorización. Los espacios de trabajo intersectorial, junto a los activos y determinantes de salud, parecieron disminuir la tasa bruta de mortalidad. Dada la repercusión de estos espacios en la salud poblacional y las dificultades identificadas, se justificó la necesidad de impulsar su desarrollo

    Molecular epidemiology of an enterovirus A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological disease, Spain, 2016

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    Encephalitis; Enterovirus; OutbreaksEncefalitis; Enterovirus; Brot epidèmicEncefalitis; Enterovirus; Brote epidémicoIntroductionEnterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is an emerging pathogen that causes a wide range of disorders including severe neurological manifestations. In the past 20 years, this virus has been associated with large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease with neurological complications in the Asia-Pacific region, while in Europe mainly sporadic cases have been reported. In spring 2016, however, an EV-A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological cases was reported in Catalonia and spread further to other Spanish regions.AimOur objective was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of the outbreak.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study which included 233 EV-A71-positive samples collected during 2016 from hospitalised patients. We analysed the clinical manifestations associated with EV-A71 infections and performed phylogenetic analyses of the 3'-VP1 and 3Dpol regions from all Spanish strains and a set of EV-A71 from other countries.ResultsMost EV-A71 infections were reported in children (mean age: 2.6 years) and the highest incidence was between May and July 2016 (83%). Most isolates (218/233) were classified as subgenogroup C1 and 217 of them were grouped in one cluster phylogenetically related to a new recombinant variant strain associated with severe neurological diseases in Germany and France in 2015 and 2016. Moreover, we found a clear association of EV-A71-C1 infection with severe neurological disorders, brainstem encephalitis being the most commonly reported.ConclusionAn emerging recombinant variant of EV-A71-C1 was responsible for the large outbreak in 2016 in Spain that was associated with many severe neurological cases
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