Resonant x-ray diffraction study of the magnetoresistant perovskite Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3

We report a x-ray resonant diffraction study of the perovskite Pr0.6Ca0.4MnO3. At the Mn K-edge, this technique is sensitive to details of the electronic structure of the Mn atoms. We discuss the resonant x-ray spectra measured above and below the charge and orbital ordering phase transition temperature (TCOO = 232 K), and present a detailed analysis of the energy and polarization dependence of the resonant scattering. The analysis confirms that the structural transition is a transition to an orbitally ordered phase in which inequivalent Mn atoms are ordered in a CE-type pattern. The Mn atoms differ mostly by their 3d orbital occupation. We find that the charge disproportionation is incomplete, 3d^{3.5-\delta} and 3d^{3.5+\delta} with \delta\ll0.5 . A revised CE-type model is considered in which there are two Mn sublattices, each with partial e_{g} occupancy. One sublattice consists of Mn atoms with the 3x^{2}-r^{2} or 3y^{2}-r^{2} orbitals partially occupied, the other sublattice with the x^{2}-y^{2} orbital partially occupied.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figure

Spallative ablation of dielectrics by X-ray laser

Short laser pulse in wide range of wavelengths, from infrared to X-ray, disturbs electron-ion equilibrium and rises pressure in a heated layer. The case where pulse duration $\tau_L$ is shorter than acoustic relaxation time $t_s$ is considered in the paper. It is shown that this short pulse may cause thermomechanical phenomena such as spallative ablation regardless to wavelength. While the physics of electron-ion relaxation on wavelength and various electron spectra of substances: there are spectra with an energy gap in semiconductors and dielectrics opposed to gapless continuous spectra in metals. The paper describes entire sequence of thermomechanical processes from expansion, nucleation, foaming, and nanostructuring to spallation with particular attention to spallation by X-ray pulse

Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at √s=0.9 and 2.36 TeV

Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at root s = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0.46 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2.4 and +2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dN(ch)/d eta vertical bar(vertical bar eta vertical bar and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date

КОММУНИКАТИВНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО ЯЗЫКА И КУЛЬТУРЫ ПРЕЦЕДЕНТНЫЕ ИМЕНА КИНОЗАГОЛОВКОВ

This article focuses on the precedent names of French movie titles. The possibility of applying the theory of precedency in the analysis of movie titles as a pragmatic and significant element of the film dis-course is considered. Special attention is paid to the sources of previous titles, their functioning and partici-pation in the major purpose of the movie titleВ данной статье анализируются прецедентные имена, присутствующие в кинозаголовках французских кинофильмов. Рассматривается возможность применения теории прецедентности в процессе анализа названия кинофильма как прагматически значимого элемента кинодискурса. Осо-бое внимание уделяется источникам прецедентных имен, их функционированию и участию в выпол-нении основных задач, присущих названию кинофильм

Интертекстуальность малоформатных текстов французского кинодискурса

This article analyses the intertextuality of the functional and pragmatic elements of the film text (film title, synopsis, slogan) that are a direct part of the film text’s semiotic space. The pragmatic orientation of the film title, synopsis and slogan with their main task (targeted audience capture) largely determines the pragmatic nature of intertextual allusions that occur in these film text elements. The purpose of this work is to prove the presence of intertextual connections in the functional and pragmatic elements of the film text and to consider in depth the internal intertextuality of these elements. In the course of the study, we made the following conclusions: the most acceptable for the analysis of the functional and pragmatic elements of the film text is the theory of transtextuality by G. Genette, through which the intertextuality of the film title, synopsis and slogan must be considered on the basis of the paratextuality, metatextuality and hypertextuality. The intertextuality of the functional and pragmatic elements of the film text consists in the interaction of film title, synopsis and slogan with the precedent texts and events, as well as the intertextual connection inside the class of these elements. The internal intertextuality of the functional and pragmatic elements of the film text allows the movie title, synopsis, and slogan to ensure the fulfillment of their main function that is to attract to watch the movie as many viewers as possible.В данной статье рассматривается интертекстуальность функционально-прагматических единиц кинотекста - кинозаголовков, синопсисов и слоганов кинофильма, являющихся непосредственной частью семиотического пространства кинотекста. Цель данной работы - доказать присутствие интертекстуальных связей в функционально-прагматических единицах кинотекста и подробно рассмотреть внутреннюю интертекстуальность данного класса единиц. Прагматическая направленность кинозаголовка, синопсиса и слогана кинофильма, основной задачей которых является привлечение как можно больше представителей целевой аудитории к просмотру кинофильма, во многом обусловливает характер интертекстуальных аллюзий, встречающихся в данных единицах кинотекста. В ходе исследования нами были сделаны следующие выводы: наиболее приемлемой для анализа интертекстуальности функционально-прагматических единиц кинотекста является теория транстекстуальности Ж. Женетта, посредством которой интертекстуальность кинозаголовка, синопсиса и слогана необходимо рассматривать на основе паратекстуальности, метатекстуальности и гипертекстуальности. Интертекстуальность функционально-прагматических единиц кинотекста заключается во взаимодействии кинозаголовка, синопсиса и слогана кинофильма с прецедентными текстами и событиями, а также в межтекстовой связи внутри класса данных единиц. Внутренняя интертекстуальность кинозаголовка, синопсиса и слогана реализуется посредством эхо-фраз заголовка и слогана кинофильма в его синопсисе, а также между частями синопсиса кинопроизведения. Внутренняя интертекстуальность класса функционально-прагматических единиц позволяет кинозаголовку, синопсису и слогану кинопроизведения обеспечить выполнение их основной функции - привлечение к просмотру кинофильма как можно большее число представителей целевой аудитории кинокартины. Ценность данного исследования заключается в комплексном осмыслении интертекстуальности функционально-прагматических единиц кинотекста, а также выявлении их взаимодействия между собой

Место перевода в системе обучения иностранному языку

The article is devoted to the place of instruction in translation and interpretation in the process of learning a foreign language, indicating the need of the implementation of the training translation in the educational process and its necessary conditions. The practical recommendations for the use of translation in the classroom, allowing strengthen knowledge, consolidate and, improve the skills of oral and written communication are provided.В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с ролью обучения переводу в процессе изучения иностранного языка. Речь идет о необходимости внедрения учебного перевода в образовательный процесс и условиях, необходимых для этого. Приводятся практические рекомендации для применения перевода в ходе аудиторных занятий, позволяющие лучше отработать, закрепить и усвоить материал, совершенствовать навыки устной и письменной речи

Realization of the Patriotism Idea in Film Discourse Based on Russian Patriotic Cinema

In recent years due to a significant increase in the interest of the Russian film audience to the patriotism topic and the emergence of a social demand for Patriotic cinema, there has been a significant growth in the film distribution share that affects the historical and social aspects of patriotism. The reflection of the idea of patriotism in the modern Russian film discourse has a number of specific structural and semantic features, which present an extensive representative material for linguistic and cultural studies of modern discursive practices. The purpose of this article is to identify the structural and semantic features of functional and pragmatic units of the small texts of the modern Russian film discourse (movie titles, synopses and slogans) in terms of representation of the idea of patriotism and statistical processing of the data obtained as a result of the study. The research material includes 21 Russian films released in the period 2014—2019, which are directly related to the idea of patriotism in their genre and stylistic orientation. In the course of the analysis, the authors define the concept of “patriotism” as a complex sociopsychological phenomenon characterized by a high emotional saturation of semantic and pragmatic categories of representation associated with it. This article analyses the main ways of representing the idea of patriotism in the modern Russian film discourse. The paper uses methods of semantic, pragmatic, contextual, linguoculturological and statistical analysis. The object of the analysis are the functional and pragmatic elements of the film text: movie titles, slogans and synopses. The subject is syntactic-grammatical and semantic (structural-content) features of the movie titles, slogans and synopses creation. Structural analysis of parts of speech and syntactic components of functional and pragmatic units of the film text of Russian Patriotic films allowed us to identify the relationship between the structures of movie titles, synopses and slogans of the films under consideration. A distinctive feature of the structural and content characteristics of the analyzed functional and pragmatic elements of the film text is their relationship with each other within this class of elements. The idea of patriotism in the functional and pragmatic elements of the film text of the films under consideration is conveyed by means of emotionally colored vocabulary, which encourages potential viewers to be proud of their country, the feat of its outstanding citizens, and also to feel part of a great country and syntactic features, such as the chopped narrative style and the presence of exclamation and question sentences in synopsis texts and movie slogans. The special significance in transmitting the idea of patriotism in Russian Patriotic films to the audience are played by precedent names, situations and statements aimed at activating the associative ties of a potential viewer and awakening in him a sense of pride in his Homeland. © 2022, RUDN UNiversity. All rights reserved