PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TAKE AND GIVE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Pada Siswa Kelas VB SDN Gununggpuyuh CBM)

The problem in this research is the lack of learning activity of Vb class student in learning process, the purpose of this research describes the learning process by applying cooperative learning model of Take and Give type, describing the increasing of student learning activity. The type of research used is classroom action research (PTK) with research design using Kemmis and Mc Taggart model done as much as 2 cycles. This research is completed with data collecting in the form of questionnaire result of student learning activity, documentation result, observation sheet and field note. Participants in this research is Vb class as many as 35 students. The result of the research shows that the students' learning activeness is increasing. In cycle II has increased from cycle I with activeness category that less active in cycle II become very active. This study concludes that applying cooperative learning model type Take and Give can improve student learning activity in Vb class at SDN Gunungpuyuh academic year 2017/2018

Molecular mechanisms of pluripotency and reprogramming

Pluripotent stem cells are able to form any terminally differentiated cell. They have opened new doors for experimental and therapeutic studies to understand early development and to cure degenerative diseases in a way not previously possible. Nevertheless, it remains important to resolve and define the mechanisms underlying pluripotent stem cells, as that understanding will impact strongly on future medical applications. The capture of pluripotent stem cells in a dish is bound to several landmark discoveries, from the initial culture and phenotyping of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells to the recent induction of pluripotency in somatic cells. On this developmental time line, key transcription factors, such as Oct4, Sox2 or Nanog, have been revealed not only to regulate but also to functionally induce pluripotency. These early master regulators of development control developmental signalling pathways that affect the cell cycle, regulate gene expression, modulate the epigenetic state and repair DNA damage. Besides transcription factors, microRNAs have recently been shown to play important roles in gene expression and are embedded into the regulatory network orchestrating cellular development. However, there are species-specific differences in pluripotent cells, such as surface marker expression and growth factor requirements. Such differences and their underlying developmental pathways require clear definition and have major impacts on the preclinical test bed of pluripotent cells

Nutritional intervention and its impact on the height of children among the B40 group in Selangor

Introduction: A number of children suffer from malnutrition with visible stunting due various factors such as food insecurity and household income. The address of nutritional intervention promotes healthier outcomes especially engagement through population with greater risks, those with low income of B40 groups in Selangor being the most populous state, thus accelerating health policy makers in making differences in public health strategies. Nutritional status is a significant measure for the anthropometric development of the children population. Therefore, this study aims to measure the impact of nutritional intervention on the height of children aged 1 to 6 years old among the population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in Selangor State involving 500 children aged 1 to 6 years old randomly selected among the B40 group. A nutritional intervention that involved the supply of specialized formula milk totalling 2kg and 30 tablets of multivitamin with lysin were given for each month. Nutritional counseling was also given. Anthropometric measurements were taken using (barang) and were monitored using WHO AthroPlus software. The height is categorized into moderately stunted and severely stunted defined by WHO height-for age Z score. Descriptive data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Results: 500 total respondents participated in the 5-month course. There were equal numbers of gender 50% and the majority of the respondents were aged 3 years old. For all ages, the baseline height results showed 15.0% were moderately stunted and 3.3% were severely stunted. For each month, there was an increase in mean of height, where the highest in the second month follow up, increase in mean of 1.89m, followed by 0.63m, 0.53m and 0.48m increase in height on the third, fourth and fifth month respectively. The fifth month has the lowest percentage of moderately stunted children 5.0% compared to the first month with 15%. Discussion: Here, by giving nutrient supplementation, it helps to improve the height of these children. Initially, children may develop stunting not as easily as being underweight. Stunting is needed more attention compared to other undernutrition anthropometric; underweight and wasting as each varies in severity, speed and onset of its retardation. Conclusion: Access to nutrition security throughout the 5-months-programme improves the stunting problems, thus the growth and health outcomes in up to aged 5 children. Therefore, other efforts of environmental sanitation, primary health care and control infections for the children are also recommended

Digital mental health and covid-19: mental health literacy among general population in Selangor

Introduction: Mental health increased in prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused changes in health-seeking behaviour among the general population. Having adequate knowledge helps to improve community attitudes on mental health. Thus, measuring mental health literacy is essential in developing policies, prevention strategies and formulating interventions. Therefore, this study aims to measure mental health literacy among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor. Methods: A validated Malay version of the self-administered Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) was used in this cross-sectional study among all Selangor citizens through SELANGKAH Apps from 13th September 2021 until 7th March 2022. This app was initially used as a contact tracing during the pandemic. Later features of the mental health module (SEHAT) were added, consisting of screening questionnaires, literacy questionnaires, and psychoeducation videos. This app was promoted to all Selangor citizens and can be downloaded for free. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 26. Result: There are a total of 42072 SEHAT app users, while 1222 users completed the MHLS questionnaires. Most respondents were female (52.8%), Muslims (79.3%), had formal education up to secondary level (51.1%), had a monthly income below RM 5000 (90.5%), and age group of 21-40 years old (58.5%), and lived in the district of Petaling, Selangor (29.5%). The overall mean (sd) MHLS was low, which is 101.3 (17.03) and was significantly associated with all determinants (p<0.05). Those with higher mean MHLS include females, Muslims, aged 21-40 years old, university graduates, had a monthly income of RM 5001 to RM 10000 and living in the district of Petaling, which is an urban centre in Selangor. Discussion: This is one of the most extensive state-wide level studies during the pandemic. Higher mean MHLS among females could be due to more sensitive recognition and perception of symptoms in females than males. Access to mental health information is now at one 's fingertip with the luxury of the internet and devices. A surge in internet usage among Malaysians was seen during the pandemic, mainly during the Movement Control Order (MCO) period. Subsequently, those in the younger age group, with higher monthly income, and living in urban areas have greater access to the mental health information on media, hence having higher MHLS. Furthermore, the higher the formal education level, the higher the mental health literacy as more information is known via greater exposure in higher institutions. Conclusion: The mental health literacy scores were low among the general population in Selangor during the pandemic. Hence, more mental health advocacy and awareness programs should be carried out

Analysis of microclimate temperature and relative humidity distribution of local poultry house in a subtropical area of Nigeria

The design of the ventilation system to ensure microclimate condition are optimum in poultry houses in the Nigerian context requires knowledge of the microclimate parameter distribution, which is lacking in the literature. This study investigated the patterns of temperature and RH distributions in a typical local poultry house. The specific objectives were to (i) analyse the vertical and horizontal distributions of the microclimate parameters in battery cage poultry housing and deep litter poultry housing, (ii) identify whether the distribution is homogenous or heterogeneous, and (iii) identify the data spread of parameters. An experimental intensive naturally ventilated local poultry house was used for this study. It consisted of deep litter (DL) and battery cage (BC) poultry housing systems partitioned by an air wall. Daytime, nighttime, rainy, and dry season temperature and RH distributions in the BC and DL poultry housing were analysed. Approximately 1.2 °C temperature difference was recorded between the poultry house and the ambient environment during the day and night. The temperature and RH distributions in the poultry housing were heterogeneous. Approximately 5% and 67%–73% of the daytime and nighttime temperature data, respectively, and 37%–41% of daytime RH fell within the optimum values

Linking early-life NMDAR hypofunction and oxidative stress in schizophrenia pathogenesis.

Molecular, genetic and pathological evidence suggests that deficits in GABAergic parvalbumin-positive interneurons contribute to schizophrenia pathophysiology through alterations in the brain's excitation-inhibition balance that result in impaired behaviour and cognition. Although the factors that trigger these deficits are diverse, there is increasing evidence that they converge on a common pathological hub that involves NMDA receptor hypofunction and oxidative stress. These factors have been separately linked to schizophrenia pathogenesis, but evidence now suggests that they are mechanistically interdependent and contribute to a common schizophrenia-associated pathology

The epidemiology and patterns of acute and chronic toxicity associated with recreational ketamine use

Ketamine was originally synthesised for use as a dissociative anaesthetic, and it remains widely used legitimately for this indication. However, there is increasing evidence of non-medical recreational use of ketamine, particularly in individuals who frequent the night-time economy. The population-level and sub-population (clubbers) prevalence of recreational use of ketamine is not known but is likely to be similar, or slightly lower than, that of other recreational drugs such as cocaine, MDMA, and amphetamine

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe