Performance and carcass traits of heifers Rubia Gallega x Nellore supplemented with chromium picolinate

The objective was to evaluate the productive performance and the carcass traits of Nellore (NEL) and Rubia Gallega x Nellore F1 (NRG) heifers, subjected to energy-protein supplementation with chromium picolinate (CrP). Sixty heifers (30 NEL and 30 NRG) with a mean initial adjusted body weight (BW) of 214.50 kg and mean age of 201 days were distributed into a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 factorial (2 genetic groups x 2 supplementation groups). The experimental period lasted 320 days. There was no interaction (p>0.05) between the genetic groups and the supplements. The addition of CrP to the supplement did not alter the performance and carcass characteristics evaluated (p>0.05). However, the NRG genetic group was better than the NEL in the performance characteristics as final live weight, mean daily gain and carcass yield as carcass yield, Muscularity (p≤0.05).The use of the Rubia Gallega genotype in crossbreeding provides an increase in production of heavier carcasses with lower fat percentages and higher yields when compared to the use of Nellore heifers.The objective was to evaluate the productive performance and the carcass traits of Nellore (NEL) and Rubia Gallega x Nellore F1 (NRG) heifers, subjected to energy-protein supplementation with chromium picolinate (CrP). Sixty heifers (30 NEL and 30 NRG) with a mean initial adjusted body weight (BW) of 214.50 kg and mean age of 201 days were distributed into a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 factorial (2 genetic groups x 2 supplementation groups). The experimental period lasted 320 days. There was no interaction (p>0.05) between the genetic groups and the supplements. The addition of CrP to the supplement did not alter the performance and carcass characteristics evaluated (p>0.05). However, the NRG genetic group was better than the NEL in the performance characteristics as final live weight, mean daily gain and carcass yield as carcass yield, Muscularity (p≤0.05).The use of the Rubia Gallega genotype in crossbreeding provides an increase in production of heavier carcasses with lower fat percentages and higher yields when compared to the use of Nellore heifers

Performance and carcass traits of heifers Rubia Gallega x Nellore supplemented with chromium picolinate

The objective was to evaluate the productive performance and the carcass traits of Nellore (NEL) and Rubia Gallega x Nellore F1 (NRG) heifers, subjected to energy-protein supplementation with chromium picolinate (CrP). Sixty heifers (30 NEL and 30 NRG) with a mean initial adjusted body weight (BW) of 214.50 kg and mean age of 201 days were distributed into a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 factorial (2 genetic groups x 2 supplementation groups). The experimental period lasted 320 days. There was no interaction (p>0.05) between the genetic groups and the supplements. The addition of CrP to the supplement did not alter the performance and carcass characteristics evaluated (p>0.05). However, the NRG genetic group was better than the NEL in the performance characteristics as final live weight, mean daily gain and carcass yield as carcass yield, Muscularity (p≤0.05).The use of the Rubia Gallega genotype in crossbreeding provides an increase in production of heavier carcasses with lower fat percentages and higher yields when compared to the use of Nellore heifers

Time required to stabilize thermographic images at rest

Thermography for scientific research and practical purposes requires a series of procedures to obtain images that should be standardized; one of the most important is the time required for acclimatization in the controlled environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the appropriate acclimatization time in rest to reach a thermal balance on young people skin. Forty-four subjects participated in the study, 18 men (22.3 ± 3.1 years) and 26 women (21.7 ± 2.5 years). Thermographic images were collected using a thermal imager (Fluke ®), totaling 44 images over a period of 20 minutes. The skin temperature (TSK) was measured at the point of examination which included the 0 minute, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20. The body regions of interest (ROI) analyzed included the hands, forearms, arms, thighs, legs, chest and abdomen. We used the Friedman test with post hoc Dunn?s in order to establish the time at rest required to obtain a TSK balance and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare age, BMI, body fat percentage and temperature variations between men and women, considering always a significance level of pmenor que0.05. Results showed that women had significantly higher temperature variations than men (pmenor que0.01) along the time. In men, only the body region of the abdomen obtained a significant variance (pmenor que0.05) on the analyzed period, both in the anterior and posterior part. In women, the anterior abdomen and thighs, and the posterior part of the hands, forearms and abdomen showed significant differences (pmenor que0.05). Based on our results, it can be concluded that the time in rest condition required reaching a TSK balance in young men and women is variable, but for whole body analysis it is recommended at least 10 minutes for both sexes

Síndrome da Apneia obstrutiva do sono: risco para o desenvolvimento de fibrilação atrial: Obstructive sleep Apnea syndrome: risk for the development of atrial fibrillation

Introdução: A Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) é um distúrbio caracterizado por episódios repetitivos de obstrução completa ou parcial das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono. A FA é a arritmia cardíaca sustentada mais comum associada a SAOS, apresentando complicações associadas de insuficiência cardíaca, acidente vascular cerebral e morte. Objetivo: Analisar o risco para o desenvolvimento de fibrilação atrial em pacientes adultos diagnosticados com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono. Metodologia: Revisão Sistemática da literatura utilizando-se as bases de dados Pubmed, BVS, LILACS e Scielo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 14 artigos de acordo com os critérios da metodologia PRISMA. Discussão: A apneia do sono foi identificada como um fator de risco para início, manutenção e recorrência de FA. As recorrentes interrupções respiratórias durante a noite aumenta a atividade do SNA cardíaco. Conclusão: É possível concluir que a SAOS está diretamente relacionada com a FA, devido a presença de patologias em comum, como a hipertensão, a obesidade e disfunções no sistema nervoso autônomo, proporcionando assim um ambiente favorável para o surgimento das arritmias. Portanto, pacientes que sofrem de ambas patologias necessitam de mudanças de estilo de vida e um atendimento otimizado em busca da melhoraria na saúde cardiovascular geral

EFEITO DOS NÍVEIS DE SUPLEMENTAÇÃO NO DESEMPENHO DE BOVINOS EM SISTEMA DE SEMI-CONFINAMENTO

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos níveis de suplementação sobre o desempenho de bovinos em sistema de terminação no período das águas em pastagem de capim Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e sua viabilidade econômica. No experimento foram utilizados 68 bovinos não castrados da raça Nelore, sendo conduzido segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois níveis de suplementação de concentrado na proporção de 1,2% e 1,8% peso vivo (PV) com base na matéria seca (MS). Os níveis de suplementação não diferiram nos pesos corporais dos animais nas pesagens feitas durante o experimento e final. Os animais suplementados com 1,8% do PV obtiveram maior ganho de peso total, área de olho de lombo final e espessura de gordura subcutâneo final. Os níveis de suplemento não influenciaram significativamente no peso de carcaça quente, conformação da carcaça e rendimento da carcaça. Os animais que receberam o maior nível de suplementação tiveram maior acabamento da carcaça. O maior nível de suplementação gerou maior custo inicial, médio, final e maior custo por ganho de peso dos animais. Assim, a suplementação com 1,2% do PV resulta em menor custo por quilo de carne produzida, sendo o mais indicado para bovinos terminados a pasto.Palavras-chave: análise econômica, confinamento a pasto, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, pastejo, terminação. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION LEVELS ON BEEF CATTLE PERFORMANCE IN SEMI-CONFINED SYSTEMS ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation levels on the performance of cattle in the finishing system in the period of waters in pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa and its economic viability. In the experiment, 68 Nellore bulls were used, and were conducted in a completely randomized design with two levels of concentrate supplementation at the ratio of 1.2% and 1.8% live weight (LW) based on the dry matter (DM). Supplementation levels did not differ in body weights of animals during weighing done during the experiment and final. The animals supplemented with 1.8% of the LW obtained greater total weight gain, final loin eye area and final subcutaneous fat thickness. Supplement levels did not significantly influence hot carcass weight, carcass conformation, and carcass yield. The animals that received the highest level of supplementation had a better finishing of the carcass. The higher level of supplementation generated higher initial, average, final cost and higher cost for weight gain of the animals. Thus, the supplementation with 1.2% of the LW results in a lower cost per kilogram of meat produced, being the most suitable for beef cattle.Keywords: economic analysis, feedlot in pasture, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, grazing, termination

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt