On a Geometric Foundation of Mathematics (Su una Fondazione Geometrica della Matematica)

Frege with Grundlagen der Arithmetik and Hilbert with Grundlagen der Geometrie are two outstanding figures that are attributed to a fundamental role in the arithmetization of mathematics. However, the latest writings of Frege, released posthumously, testify to his reflection on the nature of mathematics. In them Frege argues that mathematics is all about geometry and begins a theory that aims to define complex numbers geometrically. For this purpose he introduced a notion of identical relationships that tends to set up a geometric aspect ratio. In addition, Grundlagen der Geometrie can be given a radically different reading from that which emphasizes Hilbert's exclusive intention to found geometry on a purely formal axiomatic system. Several authors argue that by his work, and in particular through the arithmetic of the segments introduced in it, Hilbert wanted to emancipate the geometry from instruments outside her, such as numbers, finding them within a substantially synthetic geometry

On the definition of periodic decimal representations: An alternative point of view

Until the seventeenth century, rational numbers were represented as fractions. It was starting from that century, thanks to Simon Stevin, that for all practical purposes the use of decimal notation became widespread. Although decimal numbers are widely used, their organic development is lacking, while a vast literature propagates misconceptions about them, among both students and teachers. In particular, the case of the period 9 is especially interesting. In this paper, changing the point of view, we propose substituting the usual definitions of the periodic decimal representation of a rational number - the one obtained through long division introduced in the secondary school and the one obtained through the series concept for undergraduate level - with one which, instead of infinite progressions, uses a known property of fractions deducible from Euler\u27s Totient Theorem. The long division becomes a convenient algorithm for obtaining the decimal expansion of a rational number. The new definition overcomes the difficulties noted in the literature. An elementary proof of Euler\u27s Totient Theorem will be given depending only on Euclidean Division Theorem

On an assumption of geometric foundation of numbers

In line with the latest positions of Gottlob Frege, this article puts forward the hypoth- esis that the cognitive bases of mathematics are geometric in nature. Starting from the geometry axioms of the Elements of Euclid, we introduce a geometric theory of propor- tions along the lines of the one introduced by Grassmann in Ausdehnungslehre in 1844. Assuming as axioms, the cognitive contents of the theorems of Pappus and Desargues, through their configurations, in an Euclidean plane a natural field structure can be iden- tified that reveals the purely geometric nature of complex numbers. Reasoning based on figures is becoming a growing interdisciplinary field in logic, philosophy and cognitive sciences, and is also of considerable interest in the field of education, moreover, recently, it has been emphasized that the mutual assistance that geometry and complex numbers give is poorly pointed out in teaching and that a unitary vision of geometrical aspects and calculation can be clarifying

A study on dynamic state information (DSI) around users for safe urban life

To select each node by devices and by contexts in urban computing, users have to put their plan information and their requests into a computing environment (ex. PDA, Smart Devices, Laptops, etc.) in advance and they will try to keep the optimized states between users and the computing environment. However, because of bad contexts, users may get the wrong decision, so, one of the users’ demands may be requesting the good server which has higher security. To take this issue, we define the structure of Dynamic State Information (DSI) which takes a process about security including the relevant factors in sending/receiving contexts, which select the best during user movement with server quality and security states from DSI. Finally, whenever some information changes, users and devices get the notices including security factors, then an automatic reaction can be possible; therefore all users can safely use all devices in urban computing

The construction of reading identity in struggling middle school readers

Middle school students bring various identities into the classroom including their reading identities, their self concepts concerning their views of themselves as readers. Using identity and psycho-social and socio-cultural theoretical constructs as a foundation, I conducted phenomenological case studies that focused on middle school remedial readers and the means by which their reading identities are constructed within and outside the institution of school. The study investigated in- school factors which impact student reading identities, including interactions with remedial and classroom teachers, as well as out- of- school factors such as family literacy

A Polychaete’s Powerful Punch: Venom Gland Transcriptomics of Glycera Reveals a Complex Cocktail of Toxin Homologs

© The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The article attached is the publisher's pdf

A importância da reabilitação cardíaca na recuperação pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio: abordagem integrada para redução de riscos

O infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) é uma das principais causas de morte no mundo, e o Brasil apresenta índices alarmantes, especialmente entre adultos acima de 30 anos. Fatores de risco modificáveis, como tabagismo, dislipidemia, e sedentarismo, desempenham um papel significativo na predisposição ao infarto, enquanto fatores não modificáveis, como idade e genética, aumentam a vulnerabilidade. A reabilitação cardíaca (RC) surge como uma intervenção essencial no processo de recuperação de pacientes pós-IAM, abrangendo três fases: hospitalar, ambulatorial e domiciliar. A RC tem como objetivo reduzir a mortalidade, melhorar a capacidade funcional e minimizar o risco de novos eventos cardiovasculares, promovendo um retorno seguro às atividades diárias. Além disso, a RC auxilia no controle dos fatores de risco e no suporte psicológico, melhorando a qualidade de vida do paciente. Este artigo revisa os principais benefícios da RC, destacando sua eficácia na prevenção secundária de novos eventos cardíacos e a importância da adesão ao tratamento farmacológico. Conclui-se que a reabilitação cardíaca é uma estratégia indispensável para a recuperação e a longevidade dos pacientes pós-IAM, com benefícios tanto físicos quanto psicológicos

An insight into the sialotranscriptome of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</it>, known as the brown dog tick, is a common ectoparasite of domestic dogs and can be found worldwide. <it>R.</it><it>sanguineus </it>is recognized as the primary vector of the etiological agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and canine babesiosis. Here we present the first description of a <it>R. sanguineus </it>salivary gland transcriptome by the production and analysis of 2,034 expressed sequence tags (EST) from two cDNA libraries, one consctructed using mRNA from dissected salivary glands from female ticks fed for 3-5 days (early to mid library, RsSGL1) and the another from ticks fed for 5 days (mid library, RsSGL2), identifying 1,024 clusters of related sequences.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Based on sequence similarities to nine different databases, we identified transcripts of genes that were further categorized according to function. The category of putative housekeeping genes contained ~56% of the sequences and had on average 2.49 ESTs per cluster, the secreted protein category contained 26.6% of the ESTs and had 2.47 EST's/clusters, while 15.3% of the ESTs, mostly singletons, were not classifiable, and were annotated as "unknown function". The secreted category included genes that coded for lipocalins, proteases inhibitors, disintegrins, metalloproteases, immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory proteins, as Evasins and Da-p36, as well as basic-tail and 18.3 kDa proteins, cement proteins, mucins, defensins and antimicrobial peptides. Comparison of the abundance of ESTs from similar contigs of the two salivary gland cDNA libraries allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes, such as genes coding for Evasins and a thrombin inhibitor, which were over expressed in the RsSGL1 (early to mid library) versus RsSGL2 (mid library), indicating their role in inhibition of inflammation at the tick feeding site from the very beginning of the blood meal. Conversely, sequences related to cement (64P), which function has been correlated with tick attachment, was largely expressed in the mid library.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our survey provided an insight into the <it>R. sanguineus </it>sialotranscriptome, which can assist the discovery of new targets for anti-tick vaccines, as well as help to identify pharmacologically active proteins.</p

The expression of genes coding for distinct types of glycine-rich proteins varies according to the biology of three metastriate ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma cajennense

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ticks secrete a cement cone composed of many salivary proteins, some of which are rich in the amino acid glycine in order to attach to their hosts' skin. Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) are a large family of heterogeneous proteins that have different functions and features; noteworthy are their adhesive and tensile characteristics. These properties may be essential for successful attachment of the metastriate ticks to the host and the prolonged feeding necessary for engorgement. In this work, we analyzed Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) similar to GRPs from cDNA libraries constructed from salivary glands of adult female ticks representing three hard, metastriate species in order to verify if their expression correlated with biological differences such as the numbers of hosts ticks feed on during their parasitic life cycle, whether one (monoxenous parasite) or two or more (heteroxenous parasite), and the anatomy of their mouthparts, whether short (Brevirostrata) or long (Longirostrata). These ticks were the monoxenous Brevirostrata tick, <it>Rhipicephalus </it>(Boophilus) <it>microplus</it>, a heteroxenous Brevirostrata tick, <it>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</it>, and a heteroxenous Longirostrata tick, <it>Amblyomma cajennense</it>. To further investigate this relationship, we conducted phylogenetic analyses using sequences of GRPs from these ticks as well as from other species of Brevirostrata and Longirostrata ticks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>cDNA libraries from salivary glands of the monoxenous tick, <it>R. microplus</it>, contained more contigs of glycine-rich proteins than the two representatives of heteroxenous ticks, <it>R. sanguineus </it>and <it>A. cajennense </it>(33 versus, respectively, 16 and 11). Transcripts of ESTs encoding GRPs were significantly more numerous in the salivary glands of the two Brevirostrata species when compared to the number of transcripts in the Longirostrata tick. The salivary gland libraries from Brevirostrata ticks contained numerous contigs significantly similar to silks of true spiders (17 and 8 in, respectively, <it>R. microplus </it>and <it>R. sanguineus</it>), whereas the Longirostrata tick contained only 4 contigs. The phylogenetic analyses of GRPs from various species of ticks showed that distinct clades encoding proteins with different biochemical properties are represented among species according to their biology.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We found that different species of ticks rely on different types and amounts of GRPs in order to attach and feed on their hosts. Metastriate ticks with short mouthparts express more transcripts of GRPs than a tick with long mouthparts and the tick that feeds on a single host during its life cycle contain a greater variety of these proteins than ticks that feed on several hosts.</p

Comparison of injective related reactions following ofatumumab and ocrelizumab in patients with multiple sclerosis: data from the European spontaneous reporting system

IntroductionIn 2021 ofatumumab, a recombinant human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) already authorized for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, received the marketing approval for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Differently from ocrelizumab, that is administered intravenously, ofatumumab if the first anti-CD20 mAb to be administered subcutaneously without a premedication.Methods and objectivesIn this study we aimed to describe and compare the main characteristics of Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) describing the occurrence of Injective Related Reactions (IRRs) following the treatment with ocrelizumab and ofatumumab reported in the Eudravigilance (EV) database during years 2021–2023.ResultsA total of 860 ICSRs with either ofatumumab and ocrelizumab as suspected drug were retrieved from Eudravigilance, of which 51% associated with ofatumumab and 49% with ocrelizumab. The majority of patients who experienced IRRs following ocrelizumab belonged to the age group of 18–64 years (73%), while the age-group was mostly not specified (55%) in ICSRs reporting ofatumumab as suspected. The distribution of gender was almost similar in the two groups, with the majority of ICSRs related to female patients. “Pyrexia” was the Preferred Term (PT) most reported for ofatumumab, while “Infusion related reaction” were more frequently reported with ocrelizumab. Premedication drugs were reported in 148 ICSRs. Out of 89 ICSRs for which the Time to Event (TTE) was calculated, 74 reported IRRs that occurred the same day of the drug administration.DiscussionBased on the results of this study, although a risk of ofatumumab-induced IRRs cannot be excluded, it should be considered as manageable considering that the drug seems to be mostly associated with the occurrence of fever. Thus, it is important to continue to closely monitor the use of these in clinical practice to improve the knowledge on their long-term safety