Report on the Examination of I Stage Compressor Blades

The damages suffered by I stage compressor blades of three aeroengines have been studied at the request of Indian Air Force

Low Power Reversible Parallel Binary Adder/Subtractor

In recent years, Reversible Logic is becoming more and more prominent technology having its applications in Low Power CMOS, Quantum Computing, Nanotechnology, and Optical Computing. Reversibility plays an important role when energy efficient computations are considered. In this paper, Reversible eight-bit Parallel Binary Adder/Subtractor with Design I, Design II and Design III are proposed. In all the three design approaches, the full Adder and Subtractors are realized in a single unit as compared to only full Subtractor in the existing design. The performance analysis is verified using number reversible gates, Garbage input/outputs and Quantum Cost. It is observed that Reversible eight-bit Parallel Binary Adder/Subtractor with Design III is efficient compared to Design I, Design II and existing design.Comment: 12 pages,VLSICS Journa

Integrating real-time simulation models into a SCADA environment : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology at Massey University

Control system engineers have always envisaged the prospect of using the real-time models in an industrial setting. The inclusion of the real-time models can benefit industry in the following ways. 1. Operator Training - The operator can learn about how the various process react to control actions with the help of simulation models without affecting the real process itself. 2. Control Systems testing - The simulation models can be helpful in testing the control system software prior to trialing it on the real process. 3. Proccss Monitoring - Operators can compare the real process outputs with the simulation model outputs. This helps them in stopping the process when unusual conditions occur. 4. Testing for optimum operating conditions - Simulation models can be used to test for optimum operating conditions or for testing a certain operation at a new operating condition without affecting the real process. 5. Implementation of advanced control strategies - Advanced control strategics such as multivariable control, model predictive control and non linear control can be implemented as a real-time model without the development of separate real-time software. Even though using the real-time models can benefit the industry as mentioned modeling and real-time models have not found much favour in the industry. The reasons for this may be as follows: 1. Lack of awareness - Most of the plant managers/operators fail to understand what modeling results in and how it can improve the overall plant operation. 2. Lack of expertise - There is no expertise and/or tools in the company to develop the simulation models and implement it. 3. Cost of modeling - Producing a simulation model incurs significant costs. 4. Cost of implementation - Once the model is developed in the development environment it has to be transferred to the industrial platform. The cost of this transfer is high as the model software has to be more robust than the general purpose software. In order to produce real-time simulation models for an industrial setting there are two significant environments required. These are the development environment where the model is developed and secondly the implementation environment, where the model is used

THE MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF TAX NEWS

This dissertation explores the effect of tax news on national and state-level economic activity. In the first chapter, I explore the effect of tax news on state economic activity. I estimate a factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) model, which allows us to consider the possibility that unobserved regional factors --such as credit and fiscal conditions-- might be relevant for modelling the dynamic response of aggregate and state-level economic activity. Tax news is identified as a shock to the implicit tax rate, measured by the yield spread between the one year tax-exempt municipal bond and the one-year taxable Treasury bond. My results suggest that an increase in the implicit tax rate raises national output over much of the anticipation period. In addition, anticipated tax increases give rise to expansions in state personal income and employment. I find that the variation in the responsiveness of economic activity across states is mostly explained by differences in industrial composition as well as by some demographic characteristics such as education attainment and median age. In the second chapter, I examine the impact and transmission of the effect of tax news on U.S. economic activity. I find that news related to higher federal income taxes raise the real GDP over the anticipation period. In addition, aggregate and disaggregate industrial production, employment per worker, hours worked per worker and capacity utilization rate respond positively to tax news in the short run. An historical decomposition shows that tax news and federal funds rate shocks have been the main source of fluctuations in real GDP. In particular, tax news associated with legislation in 1986, 1993, and 2001 contributed to the movements in the real GDP. In the third chapter, I investigate whether the effect of tax news shocks differs across periods of recession and expansion. I follow Jorda’s (2005) local projection method to estimate tax news effects on the economy. I find that news about future tax cuts reduces economic activity for about four quarters and has a significant effect on the U.S. economy in the short run. The behavior of output following tax news shocks is similar in both recession and expansion phases of the business cycle and indicates that news about future tax cuts are contractionary. However, the rebound in economic activity four quarters after the news shock is higher in the recessionary phase than in the expansionary phase. Finally, the state dependent model shows that news shocks have a stronger positive impact on consumption expenditures and residential investment in the recession phase than in the expansion phase

Use of Biomass Waste in the Construction Industry

We are thriving to reduce the emissions of carbon-di-oxide (CO2) from the cement manufacturing industries by partially replacing the cement with biomass waste specially Rice Husk Ash (RHA), thereby producing high energy saving materials and making the construction industry sustainable whilst also providing high strength concretes. Of all the industries around the world, cement manufacturing industries contribute to about 10% of the emissions of CO2, and this 10% is estimated to be about 40,000 million tons of CO2 every year. On the other hand, about 991 to 1147 million tons of Biomass waste (2015) was produced in the USA alone which end up being dumped in as landfills. So, we had planned to use the biomass waste and partially replace cement (with about 10 to 20%) and make studies on it. Preliminary studies were conducted on the biomass waste as a partial replacement and proved to improve the strength of the mixture by 130% of its control. It cleared many permeability tests and met the requirements of the ASTM standards. It exceeded the performance with the mixtures where cement mixtures were alone used and tested. Characterizations were made using XRF, PSD, Calorimetric Analysis, TGA, LOI, SEM and TEM analysis. Physical properties such as Consistency, setting time, Strength Activity Index, Flow characteristics were studied. Durability tests like drying shrinkage, ASR, RCPT, sulphate attack, water absorption and water sportively were conducted. Future studies will be made to employ this RHA in HPC and UPHC systems which seems to be a great potential for its use

Application of Simplex-Centroid Design Methodologies to Optimize the Proportions of Ternary Cementitious Blends in High Performance Concretes

High performance concrete (HPC) mixtures often contain multiple cementitious components. Optimizing the proportion of these individual components to achieve the desired properties is extremely tedious requiring a large number of trial batches. This process is expensive and time consuming. The use of statistical mixture design technique provides a useful approach where in multiple outcomes can be met with fewer number of test runs. This is particularly true when multiple cementitious components are used in concrete. The research in progress here uses a statistical design of experiments approach, simplex-centroid design, with three cementitious components and seven minimum design points that represent specific mixture proportions. In this study, a ternary mixture blend of portland cement, slag and Class F fly ash was used to prepare concrete mixtures. Fresh and hardened properties of concrete were evaluated, including mechanical properties such as compressive strength and split tensile strength and durability indicators such as rapid chloride-ion permeability and expansion due to alkali-silica reaction. Results from this study suggest that simplex-centroid design method is a valuable tool in minimizing the number of trial batches needed to identify the optimal concrete proportions for achieving the desired properties

USING DIFFERENT SEARCHING SCHEMAS FOR FUZZY KEYWORD SEARCH OVER CLOUD DATA

Cloud Computing is a construct that allows you to access applications that actually reside at a location other than our computer or other internet-connected devices, Cloud computing uses internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications, the data is stored in off-premises and accessing this data through keyword search. So there comes the importance of encrypted cloud data search Traditional keyword search was based on plaintext keyword search, but for protecting data privacy the sensitive data should be encrypted before outsourcing. Fuzzy keyword search greatly enhances system usability by returning the matching files; Fuzzy technique uses approximate full text search and retrieval. Three different Fuzzy Search Schemas, The wild card method, gram based method and tree traverse search scheme, are dicussed and also the efficiency of these algorithms is analyzed

Developing a rational method to participation cementitious mortars containing Meta-Kaolin for application in additive manufacturing

There is a growing interest in adopting additive manufacturing processes using cement-based materials in the construction industry. However, the approach to developing a viable cementitious mixture for 3D printing has been empirical in nature and relies heavily on repeated trials, until suitable mixture proportions are determined for a given set of materials. Although the ultimate aim of the on-going study is to develop a rational approach for mixture proportioning cementitious mixtures for 3D printing, the focus of the present study is to examine the behavior of cementitious mixtures prepared with portland cement in combination with meta-kaolin and other admixtures such as super plasticizer (SP), viscosity modifying agent (VMA) and additives such as polypropylene (PP) fibers. In this parametric study, the influence of meta-kaolin addition at various dosage levels on the rheological and mechanical behavior of mortars was investigated Rheological properties of mortars (i.e. yield stress and plastic viscosity) were determined using ICAR PLUS rheometer to correlate the fundamental rheological properties with the performance measures such as extrudability, buildability, thixotropic open time and shape retention. Setting time of various mortar mixes were also determined using ASTM C403 method. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the material was evaluated. The bond behavior between the layers will be evaluated using pull-off testing (ASTM C 1583) in the future. The results from this investigation showed the relevance between the fundamental rheological properties and the performance measures for achieving a viable 3D printable mixture