Erratum: a synonymous variant in GCK gene as a cause of gestational diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus. 2019;22(2). Doi: 10.14341/dm9938)

An erratum on «A synonymous variant in GCK gene as a cause of gestational diabetes mellitus» by Natalya A. Zubkova, Petr M. Rubtsov, Liudmila I. Ibragimova, Nina A. Makretskaya, Evgeny V. Vasiliev, Vasily M. Petrov, Anatoly N. Tiulpakov (2019). Diabetes mellitus. 22(2). doi: 10.14341/DM9938An error was made in the list of authors: Fatima F. Burumkulova was not indicated as author of this article. The correct list of authors: Natalya A. Zubkova, Petr M. Rubtsov, Fatima F. Burumkulova, Liudmila I. Ibragimova, Nina A. Makretskaya, Evgeny V. Vasiliev, Vasily M. Petrov, Anatoly N. Tiulpakov.The editorial board apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.The original article has been updated

A synonymous variant in GCK gene as a cause of gestational diabetes mellitus

The diagnosis of MODY as a subtype of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is important for an adequate management during pregnancy and the postnatal period. The present report describes a case of GDM caused by a synonymous с.666C>G р.V222V substitution in the GCK gene. The variant, which was initially ranked as ‘likely benign’, was later proven to be pathogenic by in vitro studies. The с.666C>G substitution led to the use of a new donor splice site and synthesis of the aberrant mRNA with deletion of 16 base pairs. The case illustrates that additional clinical and experimental data may be required for the correct interpretation of sequence variants pathogenicity

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Dynamics of the CO2 Fluxes from the Soil Surface in Pine Forests in Central Siberia

В лесных экосистемах на поток СО2 из почвы может приходиться 40–80 % от суммарного количества высвобожденного СО2. Доминирование потерь углерода на дыхание над продуктивностью может изменить функциональную роль экосистемы и превратить ее из стока в источник углерода. Одним из наиболее важных направлений по изучению дыхания почвы считается выявление единой методики измерения потоков СО2 с поверхности почвы и ее стандартизация. В нашей работе было проведено исследование сезонной и суточной динамики эмиссии СО2 для разных типов подстилающей поверхности с использованием метода закрытых камер динамического типа (DC-метод) в пределах среднетаежных лесов Сибири. Измерения почвенного дыхания проводились в течение вегетационного сезона с июня до октября 2013 г. Максимальные величины эмиссии СО2 приходились на временной промежуток со второй половины июля по конец августа 2013 г. Наличие напочвенного покрова существенно влияет на величину почвенного дыхания. На участке без напочвенного покрова флуктуации потоков минимальные (0.11 – 1.24 μмоль CO2 м-2 с-1), а их величина в среднем в 8 раз ниже, чем на лесопокрытых участках. Максимальные потоки СО2 с поверхности почвы наблюдаются в смешанном лесу и варьируют от 2.31 до 8.41 μмоль CO2 м-2 с-1. Важным условием для получения достоверных результатов является частота измерений. Установлено, что при измерениях с частотой пять и более раз в месяц коэффициент вариации не превышает 10 %, что свидетельствует о высокой достоверности полученных значенийIn forest ecosystems, the CO2 efflux from the soil may account for 40–80 % of the total amount of released CO2. Domination carbon breath losses over productivity may change the functional role of the ecosystem and transform it from a carbon sink to source. One of the most important field of study in soil respiration research is to identify a uniform methodology for measuring CO2 fluxes from the soil surface and its standardization. In our study, we assessed the investigation of the temporal and spatial dynamics of CO2 flux from the soil surface using the method based on the dynamic closed chambers in the middle taiga forests of Central Siberia. Soil respiration measurements were carried out during the growing season from June to October 2013. The period, when the soil respiration reached to maximum development – the second half of July to the end of August 2013. The ground cover substantially affected the value of soil respiration. The smallest value observed at the site without any plant cover – pp_sand (0.11–1.24 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), which is 8 times lower than in the forested areas. The greatest values were attended at the site with mixed forest ranged from 2.31 to 8.41 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. An important condition to obtain reliable results is the frequency of measurements. It was found that the measurements with a frequency of 5 or more times per month does not exceed the variation coefficient of 10 %, which indicates high reliability of the obtained value