Las salidas alternativas y las sanciones no privativas de libertad de reparación del daño y servicios en beneficio de la comunidad en el subsistema de responsabilidad penal del adolescentes infractores de la ley penal

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Mismach between perceived family and individual chronotype and their association with sleep-wake patterns

While social zeitgebers are known to shape diurnal preference, little research has been devoted to determining the contribution of the familiar group chronotype as social zeitgeber on individual circadian rhythms and sleep-wake patterns in adult subjects. The current study aimed to examine the matching between perceived family chronotype and individual chronotype and their relationship with sleep-wake patterns on weekdays and weekends, diurnal subjective somnolence, and substance consumption. Nine hundred and forty-two Colombian adults completed the Composite Scale of Morningness, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and responded to a questionnaire about circadian preferences of their family nucleus. We found evidence of a mismatch between perceived family and individual chronotype, mainly for morning-type individuals (Cohen's Kappa = -0.231; p < 0.001). This mismatch was associated with diurnal subjective somnolence (β = 0.073; p < 0.001) and specific sleep-wake patterns (p < 0.01). In addition, subjects with evening-type families showed higher caffeine and alcohol consumption (p < 0.001). To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess and report the mismatching between perceived family and individual chronotypes, and it adds to the existing body of knowledge regarding the influence of social zeitgebers on circadian rhythms. This is particularly relevant since mismatching between circadian physiology and environmental cues have been shown to lead to diverse pathologies

Wolves contribute to disease control in a multi-host system

[EN] We combine model results with field data for a system of wolves (Canis lupus) that prey on wild boar (Sus scrofa), a wildlife reservoir of tuberculosis, to examine how predation may contribute to disease control in multi-host systems. Results show that predation can lead to a marked reduction in the prevalence of infection without leading to a reduction in host population density since mortality due to predation can be compensated by a reduction in disease induced mortality. A key finding therefore is that a population that harbours a virulent infection can be regulated at a similar density by disease at high prevalence or by predation at low prevalence. Predators may therefore provide a key ecosystem service which should be recognised when considering human-carnivore conflicts and the conservation and re-establishment of carnivore populationsSIThis is a contribution to MINECO Plan Nacional grant WILD DRIVER ref. CGL2017-89866 and EU-FEDER. Eleanor Tanner was supported by The Maxwell Institute Graduate School in Analysis and its Applications, a Centre for Doctoral Training funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant EP/ L016508/01), the Scottish Funding Council, Heriot-Watt University and the University of Edinburgh. Pelayo Acevedo was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the University of Castilla-La Mancha through a “Ramón y Cajal” contract (RYC-2012-11970). This research was also supported by Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica, through Fundación Biodiversida

Vaccination of rabbits with immunodominant antigens from Sarcoptes scabiei induced high levels of humoral responses and pro-inflammatory cytokines but confers limited protection

© 2016 The Author(s). Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.[EN]Background: Vaccination is an attractive ecological alternative to the use of acaricides for parasite control. However, effective anti-parasite vaccines against sarcoptic mange have not yet been developed. The purpose of this study was first to identify Sarcoptes scabiei immunodominant antigens and second to evaluate them as vaccine candidates in a rabbit/S. scabiei var. cuniculi model. Methods: The S. scabiei Ssλ15 immunodominant antigen was selected by immunoscreening of a S. scabiei var. hominis cDNA. The full-length cDNA was sequenced and cloned into the pGEX vector and the recombinant protein expressed in BL21 (DE3) cells and purified. A vaccination trial was performed consisting of a test group (n = 8) immunised with recAgs (a mix of two recombinant antigens, Ssλ15 and the previously described Ssλ20ΔB3) and a control group (n = 8) immunised with PBS. All analyses were performed with R Statistical Environment with α set at 0.050. Results: The full-length open reading frame of the 1,821 nt cloned cDNA encodes a 64 kDa polypeptide, the sequence of which had 96 % identity with a hypothetical protein of S. scabiei. Ssλ15 was localised by immunostaining of skin sections in the tegument surrounding the mouthparts and the coxa in the legs of mites. Rabbit immunisation with recAgs induced high levels of specific IgG (P < 0.010) and increased levels of total IgEs. However, no significant clinical protection against S. scabiei challenge was detected. Unexpectedly, the group immunised with the recAgs mix had significantly higher lesion scores (P = 0.050) although lower mean mite densities than those observed in the control group. These results might indicate that the lesions in the recAgs group were due not only to the mites density but also to an exacerbated immunological response after challenge, which is in agreement with the specific high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNFα) detected after challenge in this group. Conclusions: The selected antigens delivered as recombinant proteins had no clinical protective efficacy against S. scabiei infestation although immunisation reduced mite density. However, these results pave the way for future studies on alternative production systems, adjuvants, delivery methods and combinations of antigens in order to manage stimulation of clinical protective immune responses.SIThis work was partially funded by grant RTA11-00087-00-00 from the Spanish Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), AGL2010-22200-C02-01 from Spanish Ministry (MINECO) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) grant BBS/E/I/00002014

The NoiseFiltersR Package: Label Noise Preprocessing in R

In Data Mining, the value of extracted knowledge is directly related to the quality of the used data. This makes data preprocessing one of the most important steps in the knowledge discovery process. A common problem affecting data quality is the presence of noise. A training set with label noise can reduce the predictive performance of classification learning techniques and increase the overfitting of classification models. In this work we present the NoiseFiltersR package. It contains the first extensive R implementation of classical and state-of-the-art label noise filters, which are the most common techniques for preprocessing label noise. The algorithms used for the implementation of the label noise filters are appropriately documented and referenced. They can be called in a R-user-friendly manner, and their results are unified by means of the "filter" class, which also benefits from adapted print and summary methods.Spanish Research ProjectAndalusian Research PlanBrazilian grant-CeMEAI-FAPESPFAPESPUniv Granada, Dept Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence, E-18071 Granada, SpainUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Matemat & Comp, Trabalhador Sao Carlense Av 400, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol, Talim St 330, BR-12231280 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol, Talim St 330, BR-12231280 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilSpanish Research Project: TIN2014-57251-PAndalusian Research Plan: P11-TIC-7765CeMEAI-FAPESP: 2013/07375-0FAPESP: 2012/22608-8FAPESP: 2011/14602-7Web of Scienc

Goats Naturally Infected with the Spanish Goat Encephalitis Virus (SGEV): Pathological Features and An Outbreak

[EN] In autumn 2011, a disease outbreak caused by Spanish goat encephalitis virus (SGEV) was reported in a herd of goats from Asturias (north-western Spain), expanding the known geographic distribution of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe. The virus was classified as a new subtype (subspecies) within the Louping-ill virus species of the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group. The aims of the present study were to describe the pathology in goats naturally infected with SGEV, as well as discuss the pathogenesis of the disease in that outbreak. A total of 22/85 (25.88%) goats (20 adults and 2 kids) died between October 2011 and June 2012, showing neurological clinical signs. Over three years, the mortality rate in the herd reached 100%. Neuropathological lesions caused by SGEV were severe and widespread throughout the central nervous system but were more severe and numerous in the proximal cervical spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellar cortex. They consisted of neuron necrosis, neuronophagia, mononuclear inflammatory cell perivascular cuffs (lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages) and gliosis. The distribution of viral antigens was restricted to the cytoplasm of neurons in several brain areas but not associated with inflammatory foci nor inflammatory cells. SGEV should be considered a significant pathogen of goats that results in severe neurological clinical disease and high mortality.SIThis work was partially funded by the Principality of Asturias (PCTI 2021–2023, GRUPIN: IDI-2021-000102) and European Regional Development Fun

Validation of the model-based cell culture media design platform “CELIA” for biomass and product optimization in a bioreactor setting

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Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif Terintegrasi Dengan Lks Pokok Bahasan Hukum Newton Tentang Gerak Kelas X Sma/ma

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif dengan menggunakan software adobe flash dan XML pada pokok bahasan Hukum Newton tentang gerak; (2) mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif menggunakan software adobe flash dan XML pada pokok bahasan Hukum Newton tentang gerak yang dikembangkan; (3) mengetahui pencapaian hasil belajar siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif terintegrasi dengan lembar kerja siswa hasil pengembangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R&amp;D) yang mengacu pada model yang dikemukakan oleh Sugiyono. Kelayakan media divalidasi oleh ahli materi, ahli media dan praktisi. Subjek Ujicoba penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA N 3 Sukoharjo tahun akademik 2013/2014 sebanyak 43 siswa dengan rincian 10 siswa sebagai subjek ujicoba produk dan 33 siswa sebagai subjek ujicoba pemakaian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data disimpulkan: (1) media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif terintegrasi dengan lembar kerja siswa berhasil dikembangkan dengan menggunakan Software Adobe Flash dan XML dengan hasil produk dikemas dalam keping CD yang didalamnya berisi software utama media dan beberapa file pendukung dari media tersebut. Media disajikan dengan dua pembagian materi yaitu materi pembelajaran dan materi penjelasan yang diproteksi serta berisi bank soal yang dapat diupdate. Media pembelajaran dikembangkan dengan mengacu pada langkah yang diberikan oleh Sugiyono dan telah tervalidasi; (2) media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif terintegrasi dengan lembar kerja siswa yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dengan kategori baik; (3) pencapaian hasil belajar peserta didik setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran fisika berbasis multimedia interaktif terintegrasi dengan lembar kerja siswa mengalami peningkatan pada aspek pengetahuan

El bullying, fenómeno social agresivo en los estudiantes de la escuela normal superior de Villavicencio grado octavo tres

EncuestasEl bullying es un fenómeno social agresivo que afecta de manera directa a todos los ambientes escolares, sin excluir clase social, raza, edad, genero, físico y cultura; por tal razón es importante empezar a investigar sobre el grave problema que puede constituir este fenómeno de la violencia escolar, en esta propuesta de investigación se propone una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, debido a la realización de dos instrumentos que complementaran la exposición de la realidad social, brindando la posibilidad de incursionar en la comprensión y punto de vista de la violencia escolar; El compromiso que se tiene para esta propuesta de investigación es la comprensión de las causas y consecuencias que originan este comportamiento, y que no solo se desencadenan en la victima sino también en el espectador y el agresor; Por consiguiente se aborda la teoría del desarrollo moral, y se construye un comparativo de la realidad de los alumnos del grado 8 – 3 de la escuela normal superior de Villavicencio de la jornada mañana, con el propósito de que esta propuesta proporcione en un futuro no muy lejano la posibilidad de ser desarrollado en su totalidad, para que con ello la población académica tenga una herramienta que genere cambio y a si una mejor convivencia y desarrollo de los estudiantes.Is a aggressive social phenomenon directly affects all school environments, without excluding social class, race, age, gender, physical and culture, for this reason it is important to begin to investigate the serious proposal proposes a qualitative and quantitative methodology due to completion of two instruments to complement the exhibition of social reality, offering the possibility of entering the understanding and perspective of school violence. The commitment we have to those research proposals is to understand the causes and consequences of these behaviors originate, and are triggered not only the victims but also the view and the aggressor. Therefore addresses the moral and development theory, and construes a really of comparative graders 8 – 3 of the school normal superior of Villavicencio of the day tomorrow, with the intention that this proposal does not provide in the future for away the chance to be fully developed, so that the academic population have a tool that generates change and, if a better coexistence and development of students

Assessment of nutritional and biological activity of wild bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum L.

Allium ampeloprasum L. posee un gran potencial nutricional con presencia de compuestos antioxidantes de interés para la salud. Diversos estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado los efectos beneficiosos del consumo de diversas especies pertenecientes al género Allium, destacando sus efectos anticancerígenos. En el presente trabajo se estudia el contenido de nutrientes (hidratos de carbono, proteínas, grasa y minerales), compuestos bioactivos (ácidos orgánicos, vitamina C, tocoferoles, perfil de ácidos grasos) y actividad antioxidante (DPPH, poder reductor, inhibición de la decoloración del β-caroteno y TBARS) la parte comestible del ajo porro (A. ampeloprasum). Para ello, se recolectaron muestras de los puerros (bulbos y parte basal de las hojas) de dicha especie silvestre en dos localidades diferentes del centro peninsular durante dos años consecutivos (2007-2008), sobre los cuales se llevaron a cabo los análisis mencionados. Los resultados del análisis de los compuestos anteriormente mencionado indican que, a pesar de la amplia variabilidad natural detectada, esta planta destacó por ser una buena fuente de fibra (3,5 – 4,7 g/100 g), hierro (0,20 – 0,92 mg/100 g) y cinc (0,03 – 1,67 mg/100 g) en comparación con otras especies del mismo género, así como por su bajo valor calórico (59-97 Kcal/100 g). Asimismo, presentó un alto porcentaje de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, siendo el ácido linoleico el principal ácido graso (53% del total de ácidos grasos). Se obtuvieron valores equilibrados en cuanto a la presencia de compuestos bioactivos hidrófilos y lipófilos en esta planta. La bioactividad de este bulbo se caracterizó por su actividad antioxidante medida como poder reductor (correlacionado con los tocoferoles) y TBARS (correlacionado con los compuestos fenólicos totales).Allium ampeloprasum L. has a great nutritional value as it presents antioxidant compounds with potentially beneficial effects on human. Different epidemiological studies have shown the healthy effects of the consumption of various species of the genus Allium, highlighting its anticancer effects. In the present work, the nutritional composition (carbohydrates, proteins, fat and minerals), bioactive compounds (organic acids, vitamin C, tocopherols and fatty acids) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, reducing power, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching and TBARS methods) of the edible part of the wild leek (A. Ampeloprasum) were studied. Samples of wild leek were collected from two different wild populations located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula for three consecutive years (2007-2008), on which the aforementioned analysis were conducted. Despite the large natural variability detected, this plant stood out as a good source of fiber (3.5 to 4.7 g/100 g), iron (0.20 to 0.92 mg/100 g) and zinc (0.03 to 1.67 mg/100 g), compared to other species of the same genus. Wild leeks also showed a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, being linoleic acid the major one (53% of total fatty acids). Values were balanced in terms of the presence of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds in this plant. The bioactivity of this species was better characterized by antioxidant activity measured as reducing power assay (correlated with tocopherols) and TBARS (correlated with total phenolic compounds).ERDF and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2006-09546/BOS). The authors are also grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and COMPETE/QREN/EU for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst- OE/AGR/UI0690/2011). P. García-Herrera thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2006-09546/BOS) for her UCM predoctoral fellowship