The Returns to Flexible Postsecondary Education: The Effect of Delaying School

We investigate the returns to postsecondary education relaxing the standard assumption that it proceeds in a continuous manner. Using a unique survey that collects information on a representative cohort of graduates, we are able to estimate the effects of delaying school among successful graduates abstracting from specific macroeconomic conditions at the time of graduation. Our results show that graduates that delayed their education receive a premium relative to graduates that did not, even after considering other factors such as experience or labour market connections. These estimates are robust to the possibility of selection in the decision to return to school.Human Capital, Postsecondary Education, Flexible School Choice, School Delay

Is the Application of Plant Probiotic Bacterial Consortia Always Beneficial for Plants? Exploring Synergies between Rhizobial and Non-Rhizobial Bacteria and Their Effects on Agro-Economically Valuable Crops

The overgrowth of human population and the demand for high-quality foods necessitate the search for sustainable alternatives to increase crop production. The use of biofertilizers, mostly based on plant probiotic bacteria (PPB), represents a reliable and eco-friendly solution. This heterogeneous group of bacteria possesses many features with positive effects on plants; however, how these bacteria with each other and with the environment when released into a field has still barely been studied. In this review, we focused on the diversity of root endophytic rhizobial and non-rhizobial bacteria existing within plant root tissues, and also on their potential applications as consortia exerting benefits for plants and the environment. We demonstrated the benefits of using bacterial inoculant consortia instead of single-strain inoculants. We then critically discussed several considerations that farmers, companies, governments, and the scientific community should take into account when a biofertilizer based on those PPBs is proposed, including (i) a proper taxonomic identification, (ii) the characterization of the beneficial features of PPB strains, and (iii) the ecological impacts on plants, environment, and plant/soil microbiomes. Overall, the success of a PPB consortium depends on many factors that must be considered and analyzed before its application as a biofertilizer in an agricultural system

Effect of the fungicide benomyl on spore germination and hyphal length of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae

The fungicide benomyl inhibited spore germination and hyphal length of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae when applied at doses of 21.25 μg/ml (agronomic dose), 10.62 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml. G. mosseae was able to germinate in the presence of 2.12 μg/ml of benomyl, and the percentage of spore germination was unaffected by dosis of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 μg/ml of the fungicide. However, all doses of fungicide tested in this study decreased the hyphal length. When ungerminated G. mosseae spores previously exposed to benomyl were transferred to water-agar medium without benomyl, the maximum germination was 16%. Small spores of G. mosseae were more resistant to benomyl than the larger ones. Our results show some of the factors which can explain the variability of the effect of benomyl on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Una propuesta urbana como respuesta al deterioro en centros expandidos de ciudad

El trabajo de grado consiste en una propuesta urbana que se desarrolla sobre el espacio publico en el centro de Bogotá en una zona estratégica de la cuidad delimitada por la calle 19 y la calle 6, la carrera 7 y la avenida caracas. Se plantea la intervención de una pieza estratégica, mediante la identificación de niveles de deterioro, con el fin de mitigarlo por medio de una nueva dinámica propuesta en el vacío urbano, respetando la identidad y buscando el equilibrio entre sus diferentes sectores. Desde un enfoque conceptual y explorativo a nivel físicoespacial y perceptual, planteo una propuesta urbana exponiendo una alternativa de concebir la ciudad desde el espacio publico como vacío urbano para solucionar problemas de deterioro. En la suma de todos estos sistemas experimentales, se plantea una dinámica de actividades contundentes del espacio publico que en su relación con las preexistencias desarrollan una hipótesis de mitigación del deterioro. con este trabajo se puede demuestra que concebir la ciudad desde el vacío en términos de espacio publico, es romper con lo convencional, es encontrar una metodología de nuevos caminos experimentales que respondan a la ciudad sin dejar de ver la realidad de la ciudad y problemáticas como el deterioro, pero generando una mejor calidad de vida para la población que goza de diferentes dinámicas en el espacio publico.The degree work is an urban proposal builds on the public space in the center of Bogotá in a strategic area of the city bounded by 19th Street and 6th Street, Race 7 and Caracas Avenue. The involvement of a strategic piece arises , by identifying levels of impairment , in order to mitigate it by a given new dynamics in the urban void, respecting the identity and seeking a balance between its different sectors. From a conceptual and explorative approach to physical- spatial and perceptual level, pose an urban setting forth an alternative proposal to conceive the city from the urban public space as a vacuum to troubleshoot deterioration. The sum of all these experimental systems, a robust dynamic activities of public space in their relationship to develop a pre-existing impairment mitigation scenario arises . this work demonstrates that you can conceive the city from the vacuum in terms of public space , is to break with convention , is to find a new experimental methodology paths that respond to the city and still see the reality of the city and problems such as deterioration, but creating a better quality of life for the population that has different dynamics in public space.Arquitecto (a)Pregrad

Microwave Heating Applied to Pyrolysis

the MW pyrolysis as an original thermochemical process of materials is presented. This chapter comprises a general overview of the thermochemical and quantifying aspects of the pyrolysis process, including current application togethe with a compilation of the most frequently used materialsPeer reviewe

Propuesta didáctica para el desarrollo de competencias del área de comunicación en las estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Moquegua

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional que a continuación se presenta, tiene como objetivo diseñar una propuesta didáctica para el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas en los estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria de una institución educativa pública de Moquegua. Para ello, se basa en el Paradigma Sociocognitivo Humanista de: Jean Piaget, David Ausubel y Jerome Bruner (cognitivo), Lev Vygotsky y Reaven Feuerstein (social y cultural), Robert Sternberg, Martiniano Román y Eloísa Diez (Teoría de la Inteligencia). A través de esta propuesta, el estudiante se vincula con competencias, capacidades y destrezas; donde no solo adquiere conocimientos, sino también aprende valores para que pueda socializar con sus conocimientos en esta sociedad cambiante. Así, esta propuesta contiene en el primer capítulo esta la planificación del trabajo de suficiencia profesional, el segundo el marco teórico y como último capítulo la programación curricular.The objective of this work of professional sufficiency, presented below, is to design a didactic proposal for the development of mathematical competencies in first year secondary school students of a public educational institution with an agreement in Moquegua It is based on the Humanist Sociocognitive Paradigm of: Jean Piaget, David Ausubel and Jerome Bruner (cognitive), Lev Vygotsky and Reaven Feuerstein (social and cultural), Robert Sternberg, Martiniano Román and Eloísa Diez (Theory of Intelligence). Through this proposal, the student is linked with competences, capacities and skills; where not only acquires knowledge, but also learns values so that he can socialize with his knowledge in this changing society. Thus, this proposal contains in the first chapter the planning of the work of professional sufficiency, the second the theoretical framework and as last chapter the curricular programming

Arbuscular mycorrhizal populations associated with natural and cultivated vegetation on a site of Buenos Aires province, Argentina

The influence of tillage and monoculture on arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungal species diversity in a field site of the Buenos Aires province (Argentina) was investigated through the morphological characterization of AM spores. Glomalean spores were isolated by wet sieving and decanting from three plots cropped either to wheat, barley or clover and from a grassland at the margins of the cultivated plots. Seventeen different Glomalean species were detected overall and seven of them were identified. Total species number as well as spore and species richness found in grassland and clover soil were higher than those found in soils planted either with barley or wheat. The most frequently occurring species in the site were Glomus mosseae, Scutellospora pellucida, Glomus sp. 7 and Gigaspora sp. 1. The first three were also the most dominant species and were found in the four types of analysed soils. In grassland soil and wheat, the dominant species was Glomus sp. 6. S. pellucida was dominant in barley, and in red clover the dominant species were G. mosseae and S. pellucida. Tillage and cereal monoculture negatively affected diversity of AM fungal species. Natural re-colonization of indigenous AM fungi was observed in cultivated soil with red clover for 3 years, suggesting that this host could be used as a cover crop to increase AM fungal inocula in disturbed soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal populations were associated with natural and cultivated vegetation on a site of Buenos Aires province, Argentina.Fil: Menendez, Ana Bernardina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Scervino, Jose Martin. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Godeas, Alicia Margarita. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Mexican Investment After the Tequila Crisis: Basic Economics, "Confidence" Effects, or Market Imperfections?

This study provides an empirical investigation of the determinants of the growth of investment in Mexico, especially after the Tequila crisis. The paper uses the Generalized Method of Moments estimator to determine if investment can be explained with a standard investment function. The model predicts well the recovery of investment; the tradable sector has an accelerator effect that exceeds that of the non-tradable sector. Domestic real interest rates and real exchange rate volatility are also significant. Results support the hypothesis of a "confidence" effect during the 1982-1983 crisis, but not during the Tequila crisis. There is also evidence of credit rationing

Understanding online consumer behavior and eWOM strategies for sustainable business management in the tourism industry

Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has been widely used by most consumers on di erent digital platforms. This review aimed to obtain further insights into online consumer behavior through social networking sites and online reviews sites to help tourism businesses develop sustainable eWOM strategies. To this end, an exploratory study was developed to analyze available literature on eWOM strategies and online consumer behavior. The systematic literature review analysis focused on the following two main topics: (i) tourism and (ii) eWOM. The scientific database, Web of Science, was used to collect relevant literature on the subject. The search terms “Tourism” and “eWOM” were used. Searching the database, Web of Science, yielded a total of 124 articles; upon application of di erent filters, a total of 14 studies were included in the final dataset. The results of the present study provide new insights into consumer behavior for social sciences and businesses for the adoption of sustainable strategies to increase the influence of eWOM on the tourism industry.FCT: UIDB/04020/2020/ UIDB/04470/2020info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

RUMOS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DO SÉCULO XXI: PROJETOS E PLANEJAMENTOS.

Este artigo foi produzido a partir de um conjunto de textos e discussões sobre gestão educacional, como conteúdo básico da disciplina Estrutura e Funcionamento de Ensino. Visa mostrar a importância de um planejamento na área educacional, respaldado por estratégias que apontem soluções a longo prazo e não apenas a elaboração de projetos utópicos e promessas governamentais. É preciso enfrentar este grande desafio com o intuito de valorizar a Educação e propor uma sociedade baseada na justiça social, cooperação e democracia, viabilizando projetos que integrem sociedades civis, setor público e privado