Perspectives in anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich wastewater

Lipid-rich wastewaters are ideal sources for methane production, but lipids are generally separated and removed prior to anaerobic treatment to avoid sludge flotation and microbial inhibition. In this work, we review the major technological and microbiological advances in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of lipids, while highlighting the most important breakthroughs in the field and identifying the future perspectives. In the past decades, several treatment processes have been developed for lipidrich wastewaters, moving from the upflow granular sludge based reactor designs to anaerobic membrane bioreactors and in situ flotation based bioreactors all now commercially available. Knowledge on the complexity of microbial communities and microbial interactions has increased greatly, allowing a better interpretation of lipids anaerobic biodegradation. However, there are still knowledge gaps and bottlenecks in lipids AD that need to be overcome to improve industrial applications. A multi-faceted approach with industrial and academic partners will provide a unique strategy for future widespread usage of waste-lipids as valuable resource for AD.The authors acknowledge the funding from EPA Research (Ireland), the Irish Dairy Processing Technology Centre, The Irish Research Council (EBPS2012) and the Microbiology Society; the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684), of Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462), POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (UID/CTM/50011/2013), and by BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement no. 323009 and the funding of ANII-Uruguay, UNESCO-IHE and LATU (Uruguay).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of dietary carotenoids on mouse lung genomic profiles and their modulatory effects on short-term cigarette smoke exposures

Male C57BL/6 mice were fed diets supplemented with either β-carotene (BC) or lycopene (LY) that were formulated for human consumption. Four weeks of dietary supplementations results in plasma and lung carotenoid (CAR) concentrations that approximated the levels detected in humans. Bioactivity of the CARs was determined by assaying their effects on the activity of the lung transcriptome (~8,500 mRNAs). Both CARs activated the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene but only BC induced the retinol dehydrogenase gene. The contrasting effects of the two CARs on the lung transcriptome were further uncovered in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 3 days; only LY activated ~50 genes detected in the lungs of CS-exposed mice. These genes encoded inflammatory-immune proteins. Our data suggest that mice offer a viable in vivo model for studying bioactivities of dietary CARs and their modulatory effects on lung genomic expression in both health and after exposure to CS toxicants

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Manual de uso, conservación y mantenimiento de centros educativos

Manual que pretende servir como un instrumento para la conservación, el mantenimiento y la vigilancia de los edificios destinados a los centros educativos y cuyo objetivo es lograr mayores cotas de calidad de los mismos. Se hace un análisis de las características que deben cumplir los edificios en cuanto a su estructura, sus cerramientos, los acabados, las instalaciones y la urbanización.ExtremaduraConsejería de Educación; Calle Santa Julia, 5; 06800 Mérida (Badajoz); 924007541; 924007516; [email protected]

Principles, Advances, and Perspectives of Anaerobic Digestion of Lipids

Several problems associated with the presence of lipids in wastewater treatment plants are usually overcome by removing them ahead of the biological treatment. However, because of their high energy content, waste lipids are interesting yet challenging pollutants in anaerobic wastewater treatment and codigestion processes. The maximal amount of waste lipids that can be sustainably accommodated, and effectively converted to methane in anaerobic reactors, is limited by several problems including adsorption, sludge flotation, washout, and inhibition. These difficulties can be circumvented by appropriate feeding, mixing, and solids separation strategies, provided by suitable reactor technology and operation. In recent years, membrane bioreactors and flotation-based bioreactors have been developed to treat lipid-rich wastewater. In parallel, the increasing knowledge on the diversity of complex microbial communities in anaerobic sludge, and on interspecies microbial interactions, contributed to extend the knowledge and to understand more precisely the limits and constraints influencing the anaerobic biodegradation of lipids in anaerobic reactors. This critical review discusses the most important principles underpinning the degradation process and recent key discoveries and outlines the current knowledge coupling fundamental and applied aspects. A critical assessment of knowledge gaps in the field is also presented by integrating sectorial perspectives of academic researchers and of prominent developers of anaerobic technology.</p

Principles, Advances, and Perspectives of Anaerobic Digestion of Lipids

Several problems associated with the presence of lipids in wastewater treatment plants are usually overcome by removing them ahead of the biological treatment. However, because of their high energy content, waste lipids are interesting yet challenging pollutants in anaerobic wastewater treatment and codigestion processes. The maximal amount of waste lipids that can be sustainably accommodated, and effectively converted to methane in anaerobic reactors, is limited by several problems including adsorption, sludge flotation, washout, and inhibition. These difficulties can be circumvented by appropriate feeding, mixing, and solids separation strategies, provided by suitable reactor technology and operation. In recent years, membrane bioreactors and flotation-based bioreactors have been developed to treat lipid-rich wastewater. In parallel, the increasing knowledge on the diversity of complex microbial communities in anaerobic sludge, and on interspecies microbial interactions, contributed to extend the knowledge and to understand more precisely the limits and constraints influencing the anaerobic biodegradation of lipids in anaerobic reactors. This critical review discusses the most important principles underpinning the degradation process and recent key discoveries and outlines the current knowledge coupling fundamental and applied aspects. A critical assessment of knowledge gaps in the field is also presented by integrating sectorial perspectives of academic researchers and of prominent developers of anaerobic technology.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Sanitary Engineerin

The novel pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, PIM447, displays dual antimyeloma and bone-protective effects, and potently synergizes with current standards of care

[Purpose]: PIM kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases recently proposed as therapeutic targets in oncology. In the present work, we have investigated the effects of the novel pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, PIM447, on myeloma cells and myeloma-associated bone disease using different preclinical models. [Experimental Design]: In vitro/ex vivo cytotoxicity of PIM447 was evaluated on myeloma cell lines and patient samples. Synergistic combinations with standard treatments were analyzed with Calcusyn Software. PIM447 effects on bone cells were assessed on osteogenic and osteoclastogenic cultures. The mechanisms of PIM447 were explored by immunoblotting, qPCR, and immunofluorescence. A murine model of disseminated multiple myeloma was employed for in vivo studies. [Results]: PIM447 is cytotoxic for myeloma cells due to cell-cycle disruption and induction of apoptosis mediated by a decrease in phospho-Bad (Ser112) and c-Myc levels and the inhibition of mTORC1 pathway. Importantly, PIM447 demonstrates a very strong synergy with different standard treatments such as bortezomib + dexamethasone (combination index, CI = 0.002), lenalidomide + dexamethasone (CI = 0.065), and pomalidomide + dexamethasone (CI = 0.077). PIM447 also inhibits in vitro osteoclast formation and resorption, downregulates key molecules involved in these processes, and partially disrupts the F-actin ring, while increasing osteoblast activity and mineralization. Finally, PIM447 significantly reduced the tumor burden and prevented tumor-associated bone loss in a disseminated murine model of human myeloma. [Conclusions]: Our results demonstrate dual antitumoral and bone-protective effects of PIM447. This fact, together with the very strong synergy exhibited with standard-of-care treatments, supports the future clinical development of this drug in multiple myeloma.This work was supported by funding from the RTICC-Hematology Group (RD12/0036/0058), Spanish FIS (PI11/01465 and PI15/02156) and FEDER Funds, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad grants DPI2012-38090-C03-02 and DPI2015-64221-C2-2, AECC (GCB120981SAN), Junta de Castilla y León, Consejerías de Sanidad (GRS 862/A/13, GRS 1175/A/15 and BIO/SA05/14) y Educación (FIC335U14) and the Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León.Peer Reviewe