Effects of robotic coding activities on the effectiveness of secondary school students' self-efficacy for coding

In this study, it was aimed to determine whether robotic coding activities at secondary school level had any significant effect on students’ self-efficacy perceptions related to block-based programming. Data were collected by "self-proficiency perception scale for block-based programming" prepared by Altun and Kasalak (2018). Within the scope of the study, 5-week robotic coding activities were planned, followed by 58 students in a public school. According to pre-test and post-test results of the students, there was a significant change in intra-group positive direction in the self-efficacy perception scores of both simple and complex block-based programming (tsimple = -5.01, p = 0.00, tcomplex = -8.84, p = 0.00). Across various variables, when we look at the differentiation of self-efficacy perceptions regarding block-based programming, it is found that it does not differ significantly according to gender (tsimple = -0.58, p = 0.56, tcomplex = 0.87, p = 0.39), computer ownership at home (tsimple = -1.23, p = 0.22, tcomplex = -1.23, p = 0.22), Internet connection ownership at home (tsimple = -0.37, p = 0.22, tcomplex = -0.44, p = 0.66) and the possibility to study Scratch program out of course (tsimple = -0.91, p = 0.37, tcomplex = -0.91, p = 0.37)

The effects of dictionary training on Turkish EFL students' reading comprehension and vocabulary learning

Ankara : The Institute of Economic and Social Sciences of Bilkent Univ., 1995.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1995.Includes bibliographical references leaves 55-59The present study investigated the effects of monolingual dictionary training on Turkish EFL students' reading comprehension and vocabulary learning. Thirty-seven intermediate-level Turkish EFL preparatory students in the Department of English Language Teaching at Mustafa Kemal University participated in this study. The study considered two research questions. The first question concerned the effect of monolingual dictionary training on students' reading comprehension. The second research question investigated the effects of monolingual dictionary training on students' vocabulary learning. To answer the research questions, the students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: one experimental and two control groups. The experimental group, the Dictionary Training group (DT), received special training on the use of a monolingual dictionary. One of the control groups, Dictionary group (D), had access to a monolingual dictionary, but received no training. The other control group, the Guessing group (G), had neither training with nor access to a dictionary. To gather the data, a pretest-posttest procedure was followed. The data were analysed using ANOVA procedures. In order to measure students' reading comprehension, a multiple-choice test based on two reading passages was used. There were a total of 12 questions on the test. Vocabulary learning was tested in two ways: vocabulary production (recall) and vocabulary selection (recognition). In both these tests, the same 16 vocabulary items chosen from the two reading passages were selected. A repeated-measure one-way ANOVA revealed that there were no group differences on the posttest attributable to treatment (p<.105). Dictionary use with or without training had no significant effect on reading comprehension. The results of two separate repeated-measures one-way ANOVAs showed group differences attributable to treatment on the vocabulary learning in terms of both vocabulary production and vocabulary selection. Follow-up post hoc tests were conducted. For vocabulary production, the DT group performed significantly better than the D group (p<.001) and the G group (p<.001). There was no significant difference between the D and the G groups. For vocabulary selection, the DT group performed better than the D group (p<.05) and the G group (p=.001). There was no significant difference between the D and G groups. The findings of this study indicate that access to a monolingual dictionary, with or without training, had no significant effect on students' reading comprehension. However, dictionary training had a positive effect on both production (recall) and selection (recognition) of vocabulary. Dictionary access without training was not superior to guessing.Altun, ArifM.S

Öğretmen Adaylarının İnternete Yönelik Tutumları

The purpose of this study is two-fold. Firstly, it is intended to develop a scale to measure pre-service teachers’ altitude toward the Internet. Secondly, it explores whether there is a significant difference between pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward the Internet and gender, and their attitudes toward the Internet and the availability of personal access to the Internet. A total of 340 pre-service teachers participated in the development of the scale for the study. The data for exploring pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward the Internet, however, was gathered from 725 pre-service teachers. The reliability of the scale was found to be p = .79. The findings suggest that there was no significant difference between pre-service teachers’ attitudes toward the Internet and gender, or their attitudes toward the Internet and the availability of personal access to the Internet.Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının internete yönelik tutumlarını belirlemeye yardımcı olacak geçerli ve güvenilir bir Internet Tutum Ölçeği (İTÖ) geliştirmek ve öğretmen adaylarının internete yönelik tutumları ile cinsiyet ve kişisel erişim imkânları değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Araştırma grubunu 2000-2001 öğretim yılında iki farklı üniversitenin eğitim fakültelerinden seçilen öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya ilişkin veriler, İTÖ’nün geliştirilmesinde 340, öğretmen adaylarının internete yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesinde de 725 öğretmen adayından elde edilmiştir. İTÖ’nün güvenirliği p = .79 olarak bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizinde öğretmen adaylarının internete yönelik tutumları ile cinsiyet ve kişisel erişim imkânları değişkenleri arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı belirlenmiştir

İçerik Yönetim Sisteminde Kullanılabilirlik Yapılarının İncelenmesi

The internet provides a media-rich navigational environment where people interact with computer systems. This interactive relationship between humans and computers can be explored from a socio-technical philosophy. Thus, investigating individual behaviors toward new information technologies based on their experiences with the internet technology in general, and content management in particular emerged as an alternative stream of research. Since users' behaviors are heavily influenced by web sites usability, this study is aimed at exploring multidimensionalty in usability constructs of a content management system. The findings indicate that multidimensional model - at least- with two upper constructs exist in usability. This finding supports the socio-technical perspective in usability in that content presentation and architectural design were perceived as separate constructs by participants.İnternet, bireylerin bilgisayar sistemleri ile etkileşim sağladığı medya açısından zengin bir ortam sunmaktadır. Bilgisayarlar ve bireylar arasındaki bu etkileşimli ortam, sosyoteknik bir açıdan incelenebilir. Bu nedenle, bireylerin yeni teknolojiye yönelik davranışlarını, internet teknolojileri ile olan deneyimlerine ve içerik yönetimine dayalı olarak inceleme, araştırmalarda alternatif bir yaklaşım olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bireylerin davranışları, web sitelerinin kullanışlılığından çok fazla etkilenmektedir. Bu görüşten hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı, bir içerik yönetim sisteminin kullanışlılık yapılarını çok boyutluluk açısından araştırmaktır. Bulgular, kullanışlılık açısından en az iki olmak üzere model olarak çok boyutlu bir yapının varlığını göstermektedir. Bu bulgu, kullanışlılık açısından sosyoteknik bakış açısı ile içerik sunumunun ve mimari tasarımın farklı yapılar olarak ele alınması gerektiği görüşünü desteklemektedir

Bilişim Teknolojileri Öğretmeni Adaylarının Programlama Sürecini Etkileyen Faktörler

The aim of this study is to determine the problems effecting programming process of preservice information technology teachers and the reasons of these problems by monitoring programming process. In this study, programming processes of pre-service teachers were investigated with cognitive task analysis. Six Information Technologies teacher candidates, taking Internet Based Programming course in Fall Semester of 2011-2012 academic year at the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies (CEIT) at Hacettepe University, participated in the study. Participants were divided to three groups, namely advanced, intermediate and beginner according to their prior programming knowledge and experiences, Tasks of writing program and reading program were assigned to the participants. After the tasks of reading program and thinking and writing program simultaneously, interviews were made with retrospective thinking aloud procedure. The data was analyzed by the NVivo 8 package program. It was found that while participants in advanced level were more successful in the task of writing program, participants in intermediate level were more successful in the task of reading program. The findings indicated that these two processes, writing program and reading program, may require different skills and cognitive processes.Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilişim teknolojileri öğretmen adaylarının programlama sürecini izleyerek, bu süreçteki sorunları ve bu sorunların nedenlerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada bilişsel görev analizi ile öğretmen adaylarının programlama süreçleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi (BÖTE) Bölümü’nde 2011-2012 Güz Dönemi’nde İnternet Tabanlı Programlama dersine devam eden 6 bilişim teknolojileri öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Katılımcılar önceki programlama bilgi ve deneyimlerine göre ileri, orta ve düşük olmak üzere üçe ayrılmıştır. Katılımcılara program yazma ve program okuma görevleri verilmiştir. Program okuma görevi ile eş-zamanlı düşünme ve program yazma görevinden sonra geriye dönük sesli düşünme ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Veriler NVivo 8 programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Program yazma görevinde ileri düzeydeki katılımcılar daha başarılı olurken, program okuma görevinde orta düzeydeki katılımcıların daha başarılı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum, program yazma ve okuma görevlerinin birbirinden farklı beceriler gerektirdiğini ve farklı bilişsel süreçler içerdiğini göstermektedir

Examining the visual screening patterns of emotional facial expressions with gender, age and lateralization

The main objective of the study is to investigate the effects of age of model, gender of observer, and lateralization on visual screening patterns while looking at the emotional facial expressions. Data were collected through eye tracking methodology. The areas of interests were set to include eyes, nose and mouth. The selected eye metrics were first fixation duration, fixation duration and fixation count. Those eye tracking metrics were recorded for different emotional expressions (sad, happy, neutral), and conditions (the age of model, part of face and lateralization). The results revealed that participants looked at the older faces shorter in time and fixated their gaze less compared to the younger faces. This study also showed that when participants were asked to passively look at the face expressions, eyes were important areas in determining sadness and happiness, whereas eyes and noise were important in determining neutral expression. The longest fixated face area was on eyes for both young and old models. Lastly, hemispheric lateralization hypothesis regarding emotional face process was supported

Hipermetinsel Ortamlarda Önbilgi Düzeylerinin Gezinim Profilleri Üzerine Etkisi

The purpose of this study is to analyze how readers with varying prior knowledge navigate in hypertext learning environments. A standardized networked-structure hyper textual environment was developed by the first author and it was used as the learning material. Readers’ navigation paths and time duration on each page were recorded in log files. In addition, readers’ eye movements were also recorded during their navigation. Data analyzes showed that readers’ navigation patterns were differed across their prior knowledge levels. Low prior knowledge (LPK) readers felt more disoriented than high level prior knowledge (HPK) readers. Moreover, LPK readers were observed to navigate at the surface, rather than deep level. Navigational patterns and eye movement data also supported these findings.Bu çalışmada, Visual Basic programlama dili kullanılarak veritabanı işlemleri yapma ile ilgili farklı önbilgi düzeyine sahip bireylerin hipermetinsel ortamlarda gerçekleştirdikleri öğrenme amaçlı gezinim analiz edilmiştir. Eğitim materyali olarak araştırmacılar tarafından ağsal yapıda tasarlanan tek tip hipermetinsel ortam kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin gerçekleştirdikleri gezinim süresince izledikleri yol ve sayfalarda geçirdikleri süreler sunucu bilgisayar üzerinde log dosyalarına kaydedilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, bireylerin gezinme sürecindeki göz hareketleri de göz izleme cihazı yardımı ile kaydedilmiştir. Toplanan veriler analiz edildiğinde, önbilgi düzeyinin ağsal hipermetinsel ortamlardaki gezinim sürecine etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Farklı önbilgiye sahip bireylerin gerçekleştirdikleri gezinimin yapısal olarak farklı olduğu; düşük önbilgiye sahip bireylerin kaybolmuşluk hissini daha fazla algıladığı ve düşükön bilgiye sahip bireylerin yüksek önbilgiye sahip bireylere göre daha yüzeysel gezinim gerçekleştirdikleri söylenebilir. Göz hareketleri ve gezinimlerinin yapısal analizi de bu bulguları desteklemektedir

Modeling Students’ Academic Performance Based on Their Interactions in an Online Learning Environment

The aim of this study is to model students' academic performance based on their interaction with the online learning environment designed by researchers. The dataset includes 10 input attributes extracted from students' learning activity logs. And as an output variable (class) final grades obtained by students in Computer Hardware course was used. The predictive performance of three different classification algorithms were tested (Naïve Bayes, Classification Tree, and CN2 rules) on dataset. Predictive performance of algorithms were compared in terms of Classification Accuracy (CA), and Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) metrics. All analysis were performed by using Orange data mining tool and models were evaluated by using ten-fold cross-validation. Results of analysis were presented as Confusion Matrix, Decision Tree, and IF-THEN rules. The experimental results indicate that the Naïve Bayes algorithm outperforms other classification algorithms in terms of CA and AUC metrics. On the other hand models which are generated by Classification Tree and CN2 algorithm are easy to understand for non-expert data mining users

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries