Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication

Sheep were among the first domesticated animals, but their demographic history is little understood. Here we analyzed nuclear polymorphism and mitochondrial data (mtDNA) from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating from Epipaleolithic to late Neolithic, comparatively with modern-day breeds and central Asian Neolithic/Bronze Age sheep (OBI). Analyzing ancient nuclear data, we found that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds relative to Asian breeds, a conclusion supported by mtDNA haplogroup frequencies. In contrast, OBI showed higher genetic affinity to present-day Asian breeds. These results suggest that the east-west genetic structure observed in present-day breeds had already emerged by 6000 BCE, hinting at multiple sheep domestication episodes or early wild introgression in southwest Asia. Furthermore, we found that ANS are genetically distinct from all modern breeds. Our results suggest that European and Anatolian domestic sheep gene pools have been strongly remolded since the Neolithic

Calculation of heat transfer coefficient in staggered arrays of rectangular pin fins

Bu çalışmada, dikdörtgen kesitli bir kanal içine yerleştirilmiş dikdörtgen geometriye sahip pim kanatlardan ısı geçişi deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, fan yardımıyla emilen havanın dikdörtgen kesitli bir kanal içine yerleştirilen ve kanalı tamamen dolduran dikdörtgen kanatlı yüzeylerde ısı geçişi deneysel olarak tespit edilerek elde edilen deneysel verilerden bir korelasyon denklemi elde etmektir. Deneysel çalışmada, kanalın sadece bir yüzeyinden sabit ısı akısı olduğu durumdaki çeşitli dizilişler denenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada dikdörtgen kanat ölçüleri sabit tutulmuştur. Saptamalı dizilişler için akışa paralel yöndeki kanat eksenleri arasındaki mesafeler değiştirilerek toplam 3 adet farklı levha denenmiştir. Farklı dizilişlere sahip her levha için laminer ve türbülansu akıştaki çeşitli Re sayılarında ölçmeler yapılmış, Nu sayısı ve ısı taşınım katsayısı belirlenmiş, en küçük kareler metoduyla deney sonuçlarına uyan bir korelasyon geliştirilmiştir.In this study, the heat transfer in rectangular pin fins which placed in a channel of rectangular cross section is experimentally investigated. The purpose of the study is to obtain a correlation from the experimental data for heat transfer in rectangular pin,fin surfaces placed in a rectangular channel. Various arrays in a position where there is constant heat flux on only one side of the channel are tested in the experimental study. Rectangular pin fin dimensions are kept constant during the study. Three different plates are tested by chancing the distances between the pin fin axes parallel to the flow direction for the staggered arrays. Measurements are taken from different Re numbers in laminar and turbulent flow for each plate having different arrays. Nu number and heat transfer coefficient are determined and a correlation which agrees with experimental data is developed using the least-squaies method

Effect of reduction mammoplasty on the pulmonary function tests.

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral breast reduction surgery is the surgical treatment of bilateral breast hypertrophy. This is one of the most common breast surgery requested by women, and performed by plastic surgeons. The reasons that patients want this surgery are to re-size sagging breasts aesthetically, and to get rid of somatic symptoms such as shoulder, chest, back, and neck pain. We believe that the objective positive effects of breast reduction surgery exist beside aesthetic. In our study, our aim is to elicit positive effects of surgery on lungs, if there are, by making pulmonary function test and carbon monoxide diffusion test before surgery and after 6 months of surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients agreed to participate in the study. Study is completed with 19 patients. Pulmonary function test and carbon monoxide diffusion test were made to all patients in preoperative and 6 months of postoperative period. Lung roentgenogram of all patients was performed and height, weight, body mass index were measured. Saturation level was measured. RESULT: There was a meaningful increase in FEV1 and FVC values in the postoperative period in comparison with pulmonary function test performed in preoperative period. DLCO in postoperative period decreased meaningfully as compared to the preoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Breast reduction surgery seems to have positive effects on pulmonary function test values and relaxes patients clinically. Patients with big breasts should be evaluated from this perspective if they apply chest diseases clinic with shortness of breath

Survey of Physician's Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Turkey

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the approaches of Turkish pulmonologists to the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in daily clinical practice

What should be the appropriate minimal duration for patient examination and evaluation in pulmonary outpatient clinics?

INTRODUCTION: Patient examinations performed in a limited time period may lead to impairment in patient and physician relationship, defective and erroneous diagnosis, inappropriate prescriptions, less common use of preventive medicine practices, poor patient satisfaction, and increased violent acts against health-care staff. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the appropriate minimal duration of patient examination in the pulmonary practice. METHODS: A total of 49 researchers from ten different study groups of the Turkish Thoracic Society participated in the study. The researchers were asked to examine patients in an almost ideal manner, without time constraint under available conditions. RESULTS: A total of 1680 patient examinations were reviewed. The mean duration of patient examination in ideal conditions was determined to be 20.4 +/- 9.6 min. Among all steps of patient examination, the longest time was spent for "taking medical history." The total time spent for patient examination was statistically significantly longer in the university hospitals than in the governmental hospitals and training and research hospitals (P < 0.001). Among different patient categories, the patients with a chronic disorder presenting for the first time and were referred from primary or secondary to tertiary care for further evaluation have required the longest time for patient examination. CONCLUSION: According to our study, the appropriate minimal duration for patient examination is 20 min. It has been observed that in university hospitals and in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, this duration has been increased to above 25 min. The durations in clinical practice should be planned accordingly

COVID-19 Pandemic and the Global Perspective of Turkish Thoracic Society

It has been more than 3 months now since the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Turkey. Globally, the number of confirmed cases and deaths reached 9,653,048 and 491,128 respectively, as reported by 216 countries by June 27, 2020. Turkey had 1,396 new cases, 194,511 total cases, and 5,065 deaths by the same date. From the first case until today, the Turkish Thoracic Society (TTS) has been very proactive in educating doctors, increasing public awareness, undertaking academic studies, and assisting with public health policies. In the present report, social, academic, and management perspectives of the pandemic are presented under appropriate subtitles. During this critical public health crisis, TTS has once again demonstrated its readiness and constructive stance by supporting public health, healthcare workers, and the environment. This review summarizes the perspective of TTS on each aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic and casts light on its contributions.C1 [Kokturk, Nurdan] Gazi Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey.[Itil, Bahriye Oya; Ergan, Begum; Kilinc, Oguz; Simsek, Gokcen Omeroglu; Ucan, Eyup Sabri] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Izmir, Turkey.[Altinisik, Goksel] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Denizli, Turkey.[Adiguzel, Nalan; Karkurt, Zuhal] Univ Hlth Sci, Istanbul Sureyyapas Chest Dis Training & Res Hosp, Dept Intens Care Unit Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.[Akgun, Metin] Ataturk Univ, Dept Pulm Med, Sch Med, Erzurum, Turkey.[Akyildiz, Levent] Mem Dicle Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Diyarbakir, Turkey.[Altin, Sedat; Akyil, Fatma Tokgoz] Univ Hlth Sci, Yedikule Chest Dis & Chest Surg Training & Res Ho, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.[Arikan, Huseyin] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Dursun Odaba Med Ctr, Med Intens Care Unit, Van, Turkey.[Ates, Gungor] Sultan Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Diyarbakir, Turkey.[Ay, Pinar] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Istanbul, Turkey.[Aykac, Nilufer] Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.[Babayigit, Cenk] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Antakya, Turkey.[Bostan, Pinar] Istanbul Bilgi Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Istanbul, Turkey.[Cinel, Guzin] Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Univ, Sch Med Ankara, Dept Pediat Pulmonol, Ankara, Turkey.[Calisir, Haluk Celaleddin] Yapi Kredi Hlth & Retirement Fdn, Istanbul, Turkey.[Celik, Pinar; Gultekin, Okkes; Havlucu, Yavuz; Yorgancioglu, A. Arzu] Celal Bayar Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Manisa, Turkey.[Cetinkaya, Pelin Duru] Univ Hlth Sci, Adana City Training & Res Hosp, Dept Pulm Med, Adana, Turkey.[Dagli, Elif] Turkish Thorac Soc, Ankara, Turkey.[Demir, Ahmet Ugur] Hacettepe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey.[Demir, Canan; Sandal, Abdulsamet] Occupat & Environm Dis Hosp, Clin Occupat Dis, Ankara, Turkey.[Dikensoy, Oner] Acibadem Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.[Edis, Ebru Cakir] Trakya Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Edirne, Turkey.[Elbek, Osman] Kadikoy Florence Nightingale Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.[Erdinc, Munevver; Goksel, Tuncay; Gurgun, Alev; Basoglu, Ozen K.; Sayiner, Abdullah] Ege Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Izmir, Turkey.[Eyuboglu, A. Fusun Oner] Baskent Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey.[Gemicioglu, Bilun] Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Sch Med, Dept Pulm Dis, Istanbul, Turkey.[Gulhan, Erkmen] Ataturk Chest Dis & Thorac Surg Training & Res Ho, Dept Thorac Surg, Ankara, Turkey.[Gurkan, Canan Gunduz; Yildiz, Tekin] Univ Hlth Sci, Sureyyapasa Chest Dis & Thorac Surg Training & Re, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.[Karakurt, Sait] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Intens Care Unit Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.[Kocabas, Ali] Cukurova Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Adana, Turkey.[Kul, Seval] Gaziantep Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Gaziantep, Turkey.[Nayci, Sibel] Mersin Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Mersin, Turkey.[Ozkan, Metin] Ankara Mem Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey.[Pinarer, Ozgun] Galatasaray Univ, Sch Engn, Istanbul, Turkey.[Salturk, Cuneyt] Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey.[Sen, Elif] Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Ankara, Turkey.[Karadag, Bulent Taner] Marmara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Pulmonol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Toreyin, Zehra Nur] Hlth Sci Univ, Adana City Training & Res Hosp, Dept Occupat Dis, Ankara, Turkey.[Varol, Ayhan] Kepez State Hosp, Clin Pulm Med, Antalya, Turkey.[Yasin, Yesim] Acibadem Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Istanbul, Turkey.[Bayram, Hasan] Koc Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pulm Med, Istanbul, Turkey