Reencuadrar la obra : Sobre una práctica curatorial en torno a Juan Batlle Planas

En el presente escrito proponemos indagar en la práctica curatorial como una estrategia que tensiona los relatos desplegados por la historia del arte, particularmente, en torno a la obra de Juan Batlle Planas. Con frecuencia, la crítica y la historia del arte han señalado la pertenencia de la obra de Batlle Planas al estilo surrealista –o neorromántico, en la variante de Aldo Pellegrini–, al que se lo asocia en el carácter de precursor. Esta adscripción a un estilo histórico, que tiene el mérito de poner aquello reconocido como “surrealismo” argentino en pie de igualdad con las producciones canónicas del centro, descuida, no obstante, la complejidad del escenario cultural en el que operó Batlle Planas y su relación con las tramas particulares que adoptaron en Buenos Aires los procesos de transmisión de saberes y la experiencia de la técnica y la cultura urbana entre 1920 y 1960. A partir de una investigación realizada en el marco de la exposición Visiones ensambladas. Reencuadres a la obra de Batlle Planas, destacamos en este trabajo la importancia de proponer claves de ingreso alternativas a la obra del artista recomponiendo el entramado de saberes y consumos culturales, novedades y permanencias que articulan su producción.Facultad de Bellas Arte

Reencuadrar la obra : Sobre una práctica curatorial en torno a Juan Batlle Planas

En el presente escrito proponemos indagar en la práctica curatorial como una estrategia que tensiona los relatos desplegados por la historia del arte, particularmente, en torno a la obra de Juan Batlle Planas. Con frecuencia, la crítica y la historia del arte han señalado la pertenencia de la obra de Batlle Planas al estilo surrealista –o neorromántico, en la variante de Aldo Pellegrini–, al que se lo asocia en el carácter de precursor. Esta adscripción a un estilo histórico, que tiene el mérito de poner aquello reconocido como “surrealismo” argentino en pie de igualdad con las producciones canónicas del centro, descuida, no obstante, la complejidad del escenario cultural en el que operó Batlle Planas y su relación con las tramas particulares que adoptaron en Buenos Aires los procesos de transmisión de saberes y la experiencia de la técnica y la cultura urbana entre 1920 y 1960. A partir de una investigación realizada en el marco de la exposición Visiones ensambladas. Reencuadres a la obra de Batlle Planas, destacamos en este trabajo la importancia de proponer claves de ingreso alternativas a la obra del artista recomponiendo el entramado de saberes y consumos culturales, novedades y permanencias que articulan su producción.Facultad de Bellas Arte

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Soberanía, educación y artes : Posibles definiciones desde la práctica del BBA

El concepto de soberanía es amplio y se actualiza permanentemente. Filosóficamente podemos preguntarnos si la soberanía es un ideal, un horizonte, un ejercicio, una práctica, un derecho, una serie de políticas, una actitud. Desde el Bachillerato de Bellas Artes “Prof. Francisco A. De Santo” (BBA) situamos esta pregunta en nuestro hacer: la educación especializada en artes. Por ende, nos preguntamos también por la soberanía educativa y por la soberanía artística.Facultad de ArtesFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la EducaciónComisión de Defensa de la Soberanía (UNLP

La química ambiental como herramienta de transformación social: glifosato en espacios públicos urbanos y propuestas para su prohibición

Desde el Espacio Multidisciplinario de Interacción Socioambiental (EMISA) y el CIMA (UNLP), hace tiempo se realizan mediciones de residuos de Glifosato y su metabolito ambiental (AMPA) en suelos urbanos de plazas, clubes, veredas y terrenos baldíos de distintos pueblos del interior del país. Las localidades donde se midieron dichos compuestos corresponden a las provincias de Santa Fe, Córdoba y Entre Ríos. Los niveles de glifosato fueron hasta 20 veces superiores a los cuantificados en campos de cultivo. Los niveles de AMPA mostrarían un uso sostenido en el tiempo y que no constituye una práctica eventual. Considerando que el Glifosato está categorizado por la IARC como PROBABLE CARCINOGÉNICO PARA HUMANOS, los elevados y frecuentes niveles medidos en suelos urbanos y la consecuente exposición ambiental por parte de la población, es necesario que se promuevan acciones tendientes a erradicar el uso de agroquímicos en los espacios verdes urbanos y, en su lugar, se realice control mecánico de la vegetación. Existe legislación (municipal y provincial) sobre límites permitidos de aplicación de agroquímicos, a partir de las cuales se desprende que las aplicaciones en espacios urbanos de estos productos estarían restringidos, sin embargo, debería contemplarse explícitamente la prohibición de uso en espacios urbanos

Investigative monitoring of pesticide and nitrogen pollution sources in a complex multi-stressed catchment: The lower Llobregat River basin case study (Barcelona, Spain)

The management of the anthropogenic water cycle must ensure the preservation of the quality and quantity of water resources and their careful allocation to the different uses. Protection of water resources requires the control of pollution sources that may deteriorate them. This is a challenging task in multi-stressed catchments. This work presents an approach that combines pesticide occurrence patterns and stable isotope analyses of nitrogen (δ15N-NO3−, δ15N-NH4+), oxygen (δ18O-NO3−), and boron (δ11B) to discriminate the origin of pesticides and nitrogen-pollution to tackle this challenge. The approach has been applied to a Mediterranean sub-catchment subject to a variety of natural and anthropogenic pressures. Combining the results from both analytical approaches in selected locations of the basin, the urban/industrial activity was identified as the main pressure on the quality of the surface water resources, and to a large extent also on the groundwater resources, although agriculture may play also an important role, mainly in terms of nitrate and ammonium pollution. Total pesticide concentrations in surface waters were one order of magnitude higher than in groundwaters and believed to originate mainly from soil and/or sediments desorption processes and urban and industrial use, as they were mainly associated with treated wastewaters. These findings were supported by the stable isotope results that pointed to an organic origin of nitrate in surface waters and most groundwater samples. Ammonium pollution observed in some aquifer locations is probably generated by nitrate reduction. Overall, no significant attenuation processes could be inferred for nitrate pollution. The approach presented here exemplifies the investigative monitoring envisioned in the Water Framework Directive.This work has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme through the WaterProtect project (grant agreement No. 727450), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794-S), and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group 2017 SGR 01404-Water and Soil Quality Unit).Peer reviewe

­Al barro!

Se trata de desarrollar las posibilidades expresivas de los niños-as de uno a seis años a partir del conocimiento básico de algunas técnicas plásticas y las intenciones comunicativas de los pequeños; implicar a los diversos sectores de la Comunidad Educativa, haciéndoles participantes activos, colaboradores y receptores de las producciones obtenidas; conocer diferentes manifestaciones culturales de nuestro entorno relacionadas con la producción cerámica y su proceso de elaboración y comercialización. La metodología se basa en la manipulación libre; elaboración de producciones desde la iniciativa de los niños o a propuesta de los educadores y de forma individual y conjunta; investigación y conocimiento de manifestaciones artística de la zona; conocer las técnicas de compra-venta. Estas actividades se realizan en talleres de aula, talleres interniveles, rincones, excursiones o visitas y mercadillos en las propias aulas. Los criterios de evaluación se basan en el grado consecución de objetivos y de satisfacción e interés manifestado, asi como la calidad de las relaciones establecidas. Para ello se utilizan instrumentos como la observación de las conductas, entrevistas o puestas en común y la producción artística por parte de los niños. Se logra que las familias se impliquen en el proyecto y que los niños experimenten con el barro. Por ello se incluye en el Proyecto Curricular de Centro y se porpone su continuidad. Incluye anexo fotográfico.Madrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Consejería de EducaciónMadridMadrid (Comunidad Autónoma). Subdirección General de Formación del Profesorado. CRIF Las Acacias; General Ricardos 179 - 28025 Madrid; Tel. + 34915250893ES