Spatial isolation impacts pollinator visitation and reproductive success of a threatened self-incompatible Mediterranean tree

Pollination service is crucial to achieve successful plant sexual reproduction and long-term population persistence. This pollination service can be affected by plant conspecific density and also by intrinsic features of individuals related to their flowering phenology and floral display. However, studies examining intrinsic and extrinsic traits on pollinator visitation and reproductive success of Mediterranean trees with limited reproduction are still scarce. We analyzed the effects of plant isolation, flowering phenology, flower weight and tree size on flower visitation probability, flowering patch visitation probability, fruit set and crop size. To this end, we intensively monitored pollinator visitation and fruit production of 67 (in 2019) and 73 (in 2020) Pyrus bourgaeana Decne trees within a threatened Mediterranean population. Our results revealed that isolated individuals received more pollinators than those on conspecific aggregations, suggesting intraspecific competition for pollinators in dense flowering neighborhoods. However, fruit set was higher in trees close to flowering conspecifics despite having fewer visits from pollinators, suggesting pollen limitation but not pollinator limitation in spatially isolated trees. Interestingly, we found increased crop sizes in spatially isolated trees which could be related to reduced intraspecific competition for resources in low-density neighborhoods (water, nutrients) and/or to higher reproductive investment (i.e. higher flower production). Overall, our results indicated pollen but not pollinator limitation in spatially isolated trees. Under this scenario of sexual reproduction mediated by pollinators, our findings stress the relevance of individuals’ spatial distribution for self-incompatible trees exhibiting low individuals’ densitiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

El dialecto vulgar leonés hablado en Maragatería y Tierra de Astorga : notas gramaticales y vocabulario

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

El dialecto vulgar leonés hablado en Maragatería y tierra de Astorga : notas gramaticales y vocabulario

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

A comparison of different methodologies for rating definition in overhead lines

The grid integration of renewable energy supposes an important problem to deal with for Distributor System Operators (DSO). Distributor and transmission system operators have been using static rates for a long time to manage electric systems. Currently operators deal with one, annual, static rate or four, seasonal, static rates. This paper is devoted to the analysis of a real case of ampacity management in a 132 kV overhead line for the purpose of stablishing new static rates based on different temporal intervals.This work was supported by the Spanish Government under the R+D initiative INNPACTO with reference IPT-2011-1447-920000 and Spanish R+D initiative with reference ENE2013-42720-

Detección de fibrilación ventricular mediante técnicas de aprendizaje profundo

Detección de fibrilación ventricular mediante técnicas de aprendizaje profundo La detección de arritmias ventriculares, en particular la fibrilación ventricular (FV), es parte fundamental de los algoritmos de clasificación de arritmias de los desfibriladores. Dichos algoritmos deciden si administrar la descarga de desfibrilación, para lo que clasifican los ritmos en desfibrilables (Sh) o no desfibrilables (NSh). Este trabajo propone un nuevo abordaje para la clasificación Sh/NSh de ritmos basado en un sistema de aprendizaje profundo. Para el trabajo se emplearon tres bases de datos públicas de la plataforma Physionet (CUDB, VFDB y AHADB), y se extrajeron segmentos de 4 y 8 segundos. Se anotaron los segmentos como Sh y NSh en base a las anotaciones de las bases de datos, que fueron auditadas por expertos. Los datos se dividieron por paciente en 80% para desarrollar los algoritmos y 20% para evaluación. El sistema de aprendizaje profundo emplea dos etapas convolucionales seguidas de, una red longshort- term-memory y una etapa final de clasificación basada en red neuronal. A modo de referencia se optimizó un clasificador SVM basado en las características de detección de arritmias ventriculares más eficientes publicadas en la literatura. Se calculó la sensibilidad (Se), ritmos desfibrilables, especificidad (Sp), ritmos no desfibrilables, y la precisión (Acc). El método de aprendizaje profundo proporcionó Se, Sp y Acc de 98.5%, 99.4% y 99.2% para segmentos de 4 segundos y 99.7%, 98.9%, 99.1% para segmentos de 8 segundos. El algoritmo permite detectar FV de forma fiable con segmentos de 4 segundos, corrigiendo un 30% de los errores del método basado en SVM.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad mediante el proyecto TEC2015-64678R junto con el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), así como por la UPVEHU mediante el proyecto EHU16/18

Mixed convolutional and long short-term memory network for the detection of lethal ventricular arrhythmia

Early defibrillation by an automated external defibrillator (AED) is key for the survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. ECG feature extraction and machine learning have been successfully used to detect ventricular fibrillation (VF) in AED shock decision algorithms. Recently, deep learning architectures based on 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been proposed for this task. This study introduces a deep learning architecture based on 1D-CNN layers and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for the detection of VF. Two datasets were used, one from public repositories of Holter recordings captured at the onset of the arrhythmia, and a second from OHCA patients obtained minutes after the onset of the arrest. Data was partitioned patient-wise into training (80%) to design the classifiers, and test (20%) to report the results. The proposed architecture was compared to 1D-CNN only deep learners, and to a classical approach based on VF-detection features and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The algorithms were evaluated in terms of balanced accuracy (BAC), the unweighted mean of the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp). The BAC, Se, and Sp of the architecture for 4-s ECG segments was 99.3%, 99.7%, and 98.9% for the public data, and 98.0%, 99.2%, and 96.7% for OHCA data. The proposed architecture outperformed all other classifiers by at least 0.3-points in BAC in the public data, and by 2.2-points in the OHCA data. The architecture met the 95% Sp and 90% Se requirements of the American Heart Association in both datasets for segment lengths as short as 3-s. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the most accurate VF detection algorithm to date, especially on OHCA data, and it would enable an accurate shock no shock diagnosis in a very short time.This study was supported by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España (ES) (TEC-2015-64678-R) to UI and EA and by Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (ES) (GIU17/031) to UI and EA. The funders, Tecnalia Research and Innovation and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA), provided support in the form of salaries for authors AP, AA, FAA, CF, EG, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the author contributions section

Las cuñas motrices bilingües

La experiencia presenta el proceso de diseño de una propuesta de “cuñas motrices bilingües” generadas en un contexto extraescolar por miembros del grupo Actitudes para su posterior aplicación en el contexto escolar. Éstas relacionan las cuñas motrices que se llevan a la práctica en el contexto escolar y la secuenciación de competencias de la competencia lingüística en lengua extranjera del proyecto INCOBA. Se han utilizado ciclos de investigación-acción para generar experiencias que puedan transferirse al contexto escolar, por lo que el grupo de trabajo cuenta con profesorado en activo para el diseño de las mismas. Los resultados demuestran gran nivel de participación del alumnado y un nivel de satisfacción alto de los mismos y de sus familias

Bilingual motor wedges

[ES] La experiencia presenta el proceso de diseño de una propuesta de “cuñas motrices bilingües” generadas en un contexto extraescolar por miembros del grupo Actitudes para su posterior aplicación en el contexto escolar. Éstas relacionan las cuñas motrices que se llevan a la práctica en el contexto escolar y la secuenciación de competencias de la competencia lingüística en lengua extranjera del proyecto INCOBA. Se han utilizado ciclos de investigación-acción para generar experiencias que puedan transferirse al contexto escolar, por lo que el grupo de trabajo cuenta con profesorado en activo para el diseño de las mismas. Los resultados demuestran gran nivel de participación del alumnado y un nivel de satisfacción alto de los mismos y de sus familias.[EN] The experience presents the process of designing a proposal for "bilingual driving wedges" generated in an out-of-school context by members of the Actitudes group for later application in the school context. These relate the driving wedges that are put into practice in the school context and the sequencing of competences of the foreign language proficiency of the INCOBA project. For its design, research-action cycles have been used with the intention of generating experiences that can be transferred to the school context, so that the working group has active teaching staff for their design. The results demonstrate the high level of student participation and a high level of satisfaction of the students and their families.[PT] A experiência mostra o processo de concepção de uma proposta de "cunhas motrizes bilíngües" gerados em um contexto formal, por membros das atitudes do grupo para posterior aplicação no contexto escolar. Estes se relacionam com as cunhas motrizes bilíngües que estão sendo implementadas no contexto escolar e sequenciamento habilidades de proficiência em língua estrangeira do projeto INCOBA. Têm sido usados pesquisa-ação com a intenção de criar experiências que podem ser transferidos para o contexto escolar, de modo que o grupo de trabalho tem professores ativos para projetarlos. Os resultados demonstram o alto nível de participação dos alunos e um alto nível de satisfação de si e suas famílias.S

Evaluation of strategies for second generation bioethanol production from fast growing biomass Paulownia within a biorefinery scheme

Fast-growing and short-rotation biomass is identified as glucan-rich feedstock to be used for bioenergy purposes. For the first time to our knowledge, fast growing biomass (Paulownia tomentosa) was evaluated for bioethanol production in a biorefinery scheme. For that, Paulownia wood was subjected to autohydrolysis pretreatment under severity (S0) conditions in the range of 3.315.16. The effect of this treatment on its fractionation was evaluated by means of hemicelluloses solubilization as hemicellulosederived compounds in liquid phase and enzymatic hydrolysis of glucan (remained in the solid phase) into glucose. A xylose and xylooligosaccharides concentration of 17.5 g/L was obtained at S0 = 3.99 which corresponds to complete xylan solubilization. On the other hand, glucose yield of enzymatic hydrolysis increased up to reach 99% at S0 = 4.82. In addition, separate and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation assays (SHF and SSF) of autohydrolyzed Paulownia were compared for ethanol production. An increase of 47% in ethanol concentration was obtained by SHF in comparison with results achieved by SSF for Paulownia treated at S0 = 4.19. In SSF, Paulownia was successfully converted into ethanol (52.7 g/L which corresponded to 80% of ethanol yield) operating at 20% solid loadings and S0 = 4.72. Energy analysis of results obtained in this work showed that 83% of energy respect to raw material can be recovered considering the ethanol and the combustion of residual lignin. This work provides a feasible process for bioethanol production using fast growing specie which could enrich the feedstock needs for biofuels sector.This work was supported by the ‘‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad” of Spain [research project reference CTQ2012- 3085: ‘‘Development of processes for integral benefit of fastgrowing biomass through bioethanol and chemicals production”, partially funded with the FEDER funds of the EU]. Aloia Romaní is grateful to Xunta de Galicia for her fellowship (Plan I2C, 2014)