Simulation of Virus Propagation and Acceptance of Socio-Sanitary Measures Through an Intelligent Model

Cursos e Congresos , C-155[Abstract] During the most critical moments of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, various containment measures were enacted to hinder the virus’s spread and mitigate its impact. This work focuses on studying the impact of the population’s adherence level to socio-sanitary measures on the virus’s spread, aiming to better understand its relevance in crisis situations. To achieve this goal, we use an agent-based model (ABM) that incorporates a special type of agent that represents social networks, for example, twitter, to analyze the influence of social networks on the agents’ decision-making. Internally, our model relies on two models that allow for simulation development. On the one hand, an epidemiological model based on an adaptation of the SIR model allows us to simulate the spread of the virus. On the other hand, a decision-making model is responsible for analyzing the levels of acceptance of containment measures by citizens and allows simulation of interactions between agents. On this basis, Twitter has been incorporated as a critical node, which allows information to be extracted about the opinions of the agents and howthese affect the population’s adherence to socio-sanitary measures. This information is obtained thanks to the application of sentiment analysis techniques on a set of tweets related to COVID-19. As a result, a useful tool was obtained for policy makers to simulate the psycho-social behaviour of citizens in the face of different restrictive measures in order to evaluate their effectivenessCITIC is funded by the Xunta de Galicia through the collaboration agreement between the Consellería de Cultura, Educación, Formación Profesional e Universidades and the Galician universities for the reinforcement of the research centres of the Galician University System (CIGUS

Familial Mediterranean Fever in Spain: Time Trend and Spatial Distribution of the Hospitalizations

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a rare, hereditary, auto-inflammatory disease. The aims of this study were to explore the time trend and geographical distribution of hospitalizations in Spain from 2008 to 2015. We identified hospitalizations of FMF from the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set at hospital discharge, using ICD-9-CM code 277.31. Age-specific and age-adjusted hospitalization rates were calculated. The time trend and the average percentage change were analyzed using Joinpoint regression. Standardized morbidity ratios were calculated and mapped by province. A total of 960 FMF-related hospitalizations (52% men) were identified across the period 2008-2015, with an increase in hospitalizations of 4.9% per year being detected (p 1) in 13 provinces (5 in the Mediterranean area), and lower (SMR < 1) in 14 provinces (3 in the Mediterranean area). There was an increase in hospitalizations of patients with FMF in Spain throughout the study period, with a risk of hospitalization that was higher, though not exclusively so, in provinces along the Mediterranean coast. These findings contribute to the visibility of FMF and provide useful information for health planning. Further research should take into account new population-based information, in order to continue monitoring this disease.S

Synergies between Geomatics and Health Sciences for the creation of new virtual materials for teaching podiatry

[EN] Thermography as a methodology for quantitative analysis is not usually addressed in the degrees of the university programs of the Health Sciences branch, with the consequent deficiencies in technological tools in the training of future graduates. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a novel approach for the acquisition of advanced skills in the Health Sciences degree of podiatry, through the application of techniques and tools from Geomatics engineering and based on free/open-source software solutions. This strategy uses 3D visualization techniques on thermographic images to improve the interpretation and understanding of thermographic images related to the physiological and pathological analysis of the lower extremity. The specific workflow for the generation of didactic material related to this objective is proposed for asynchronous and e-learning programs, so that these virtual materials can be easily deployed on the institutional based-on Moodle platform, allowing students to enrich the learning. The application of Geomatics advances in the Health Sciences branch will improve students' critical thinking, so they will be better prepared to face future challenges in the labor marketSIThis work has been supported by the 2021 Educational Innovation Program of the Universidad de León (PAID – Plan de Apoyo a la Innovación Docente

A population-based study of mortality due to muscular dystrophies across a 36-year period in Spain

Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of rare hereditary degenerative diseases. Our aim was to analyze the mortality pattern in Spain from 1981 to 2016 to assess the temporal trend and discern possible geographic differences using population-based data. Annual deaths related to MD were obtained from the National Statistics Institute with codes 359.1 of the ICD-9 (1981-1998) and G71.0 of the ICD-10 (1999-2016). Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated and changes in mortality trends were identified. The standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated by district for 1999-2016. Smoothed SMRs and posterior probability were also assessed and then mapped to look for patterns or geographic distribution. All rates were expressed per 1,000,000 inhabitants. A total of 2,512 deaths (73.8% men) were identified. The age-adjusted mortality rates varied from 0.63 (95% CI 0.40-0.95) in 1981 to 1.51 (95% CI 1.17-1.93) in 2016. MD mortality showed a significant increase of 8.81% per year (95% CI 5.0-12.7) from 1981 to 1990, remaining stable afterwards. Areas with risk of death higher than expected for Spain as a whole were identified, not showing a specific regional pattern. In conclusion, the rising trend in MD mortality might be attributable to advanced improvements in diagnostic techniques leading to a rise in prevalence. Further research on the districts with the highest mortality would be necessary.This research was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Strategy Action for Health (AESI), project PI14CIII/00067, TPY 1238/15.S

Diagnostic Process in Rare Diseases: Determinants Associated with Diagnostic Delay

Many people living with rare disease (RD) report a difficult diagnostic process from the symptom onset until they obtain the definitive diagnosis. The aim of this study was thus to ascertain the diagnostic process in RDs, and explore the determinants related with having to wait for more than one year in this process (defined as “diagnostic delay”). We conducted a case–control study, using a purpose-designed form from the Spanish Rare Diseases Patient Registry for data-collection purposes. A descriptive analysis was performed and multivariate backward logistic regression models fitted. Based on data on 1216 patients living with RDs, we identified a series of determinants associated with experiencing diagnostic delay. These included: having to travel to see a specialist other than that usually consulted in the patient’s home province (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.6–2.9); visiting more than 10 specialists (OR 2.6; 95%CI 1.7–4.0); being diagnosed in a region other than that of the patient’s residence at the date of symptom onset (OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.5–3.6); suffering from a RD of the nervous system (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.0–1.8). In terms of time taken to see a specialist, waiting more than 6 months to be referred from the first medical visit was the period of time which most contributed to diagnostic delay (PAR 30.2%). In conclusion, this is the first paper to use a collaborative study based on a nationwide registry to address the diagnostic process of patients living with RDs. While the evidence shows that the diagnostic process experienced by these persons is complex, more studies are needed to determine the implications that this has for their lives and those of their families at a social, educational, occupational, psychological, and financial level.This research was supported by the Spanish State Research Agency, State R&D Program Oriented to the Challenges of the Society, project no. RTI2018-094035-A-I00. J.B-L enjoys a Grant PRE2019-091508 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 by “ESF Investing in your future”.S

Nuevos táxones para la Flora de la Montaña Palentina (España)

En este trabajo se aportan citas de plantas que, en la mayoría de los casos, constituyen novedades provinciales para Palencia o bien su presencia es muy escasa en el territorio que nos ocupa. Todos los táxones han sido herborizados en la zona norte de la provincia, concretamente en el Parque Natural de Fuentes Carrionas y Fuente Cobre - Montaña Palentina (fig.1).Los pliegos correspondientes se encuentran depositados en el Herbario LEBJaime Andrés Rodríguez de la Universidad de León. A continuación se relacionan por orden alfabético y se detallan los siguientes datos: localidad, coordenadas UTM, altitud, ecología, fecha de recolección, colectores y número de registro en el herbari

Nuevos táxones para la flora de la montaña palentina (España)

P. 309-313En este trabajo se aportan citas de plantas que, en la mayoría de los casos, constituyen novedades provinciales para Palencia o bien su presencia es muy escasa en el territorio que nos ocupa. Todos los táxones han sido herborizados en la zona norte de la provincia, concretamente en el Parque Natural de Fuentes Carrionas y Fuente Cobre - Montaña Palentina (fig.1). Los pliegos correspondientes se encuentran depositados en el Herbario LEBJaime Andrés Rodríguez de la Universidad de León. A continuación se relacionan por orden alfabético y se detallan los siguientes datos: localidad, coordenadas UTM, altitud, ecología, fecha de recolección, colectores y número de registro en el herbario.S

Entangled core/shell magnetic structure driven by surface magnetic symmetry-breaking in Cr2O3 nanoparticles

Bulk Cr2O3 is an antiferromagnetic (AFM) oxide that exhibits the magnetoelectric effect at room temperature, with neither spontaneous magnetization nor net electric polarization. These physical properties stem from a subtle competition between exchange and crystal field interactions. In this article, we exploit the symmetry breaking at the surface of Cr2O3 nanoparticles for unbalancing this delicate physical equilibrium. The emerging weak ferromagnetic signal we observe persists up to near room temperature (≈ 270 K) at which the antiferromagnetic order disappears. In addition, an exchange-bias effect, that rapidly decreases on heating from low temperature up to 30 K, is resistant to thermal disorder above 200 K. Our findings point to the possible formation of an entangled core/shell magnetic structure, where pinned uncompensated spins at the shell are randomly distributed in a low-temperature spin-glass ordering, with low net magnetic moment and an ordering temperature governed by the AFM Néel temperature.Work at University of Oviedo was financially supported by research projects MCIU-19-RTI2018-094683-B-C52 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and AYUD/2021/51822 (FICyT, Principality of Asturias). Thanks are due to Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste (Italy) and to Institut Laue-Langevin (France) for allocating beam time. We are grateful to the Scientific-Technical Services of the University Oviedo for providing assistance in transmission microscopy image acquisition and processing. Work at USF supported partially through US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under Award # DE-FG02-07ER46438. H. S. acknowledges support from the Bizkaia Talent Program, Basque Country (Spain). X. M. acknowledges support from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic Grant no. 14-37427.Peer reviewe

The new multi-frequency instrument (MFI2) for the QUIJOTE facility in Tenerife

The QUIJOTE (Q-U-I joint Tenerife) experiment combines the operation of two radio-telescopes and three instruments working in the microwave bands 10?20 GHz, 26-36 GHz and 35-47 GHz at the Teide Observatory, Tenerife, and has already been presented in previous SPIE meetings (Hoyland, R. J. et al, 2012; Rubiño-Martín et al., 2012). The Cosmology group at the IAC have designed a new upgrade to the MFI instrument in the band 10-20 GHz. The aim of the QUIJOTE telescopes is to characterise the polarised emission of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), as well as galactic and extra-galactic sources, at medium and large angular scales. This MFI2 will continue the survey at even higher sensitivity levels. The MFI2 project led by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) consists of five polarimeters, three of them operating in the sub-band 10?15 GHz, and two in the sub-band 15-20 GHz. The MFI2 instrument is expected to be a full two-three times more sensitive than the former MFI. The microwave complex correlator design has been replaced by a simple correlator design with a digital back-end based on the latest Xilinx FPGAs (ZCU111). During the first half of 2019 the manufacture of the new cryostat was completed and since then the opto-mechanical components have been designed and manufactured. It is expected that the cryogenic front-end will be completed by the end of 2022 along with the FPGA acquisition and observing system. This digital system has been employed to be more robust against stray ground-based and satellite interference, having a frequency resolution of 1 MHz.The MFI2 instrument is being developed by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), with an instrumental participation from the Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena (UPCT). Partial financial support is provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN), under the projects AYA2017-84185-P, IACA15-BE-3707, EQC2018-004918-P and the FEDER Agreement INSIDE-OOCC (ICTS-2019-03-IAC-12). We also acknowledge financial support of the Severo Ochoa Programs SEV-2015-0548 and CEX2019-000920-S

Evaluación del modelo comunitario de atención a los trastornos mentales en España

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en evaluar la implementación del modelo comunitario de atención en salud mental en el Estado español en 2014. Secundariamente, se analizan los cambios que el modelo experimentó en 2008, en relación con la recesión económica. Material y Método: Se adoptó la definición de modelo comunitario que se propone en la Estrategia en Salud Mental del SNS, según la cual el modelo se rige por 8 principios y se implementa mediante 39 prácticas asistenciales. Se elaboró una encuesta dirigida a las Juntas Autonómicas de Gobierno de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría sobre el grado de cumplimiento del modelo comunitario en cada comunidad. Resultados: Se obtuvieron respuestas de 13 Juntas Autonómicas que incluyeron información sobre el 93% de la población española. Conclusión: Las carencias más importantes en la implementación del modelo comunitario en 2014 se relacionaron con la ausencia de una perspectiva de salud pública, con la mala gestión y rendición de cuentas, y la ralentización del desarrollo de equipos, servicios y redes de servicios de orientación comunitaria. El modelo se modificó poco globalmente entre 2008 y 2014, pero algunas prácticas clave, como la universalidad y gratuidad del sistema, la atención sectorizada, el acortamiento de los tiempos de espera, las subvenciones a las asociaciones de usuarios y familiares, y la aplicación de la “ley de dependencia” se contrajeron de forma sustancial en muchas comunidades. Otras prácticas, como la historia clínica informatizada, los planes Individualizados de atención y el tratamiento asertivo comunitario, incrementaron su cobertura en algunas comunidades a pesar de la recesión