Мінеральні речовини

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems in current mode and new lead designs are recently available. To switch between DBS-systems remains complicated as clinicians may lose their reference for programming. Simulations can help increase the understanding. Objective: To quantitatively investigate the electric field (EF) around two lead designs simulated to operate in voltage and current mode under two time points following implantation. Methods: The finite element method was used to model Lead 3389 (Medtronic) and 6148 (St Jude) with homogenous surrounding grey matter and a peri-electrode space (PES) of 250 μm. The PES-impedance mimicked the acute (extracellular fluid) and chronic (fibrous tissue) time-point. Simulations at different amplitudes of voltage and current (n=236) were performed using two different contacts. Equivalent current amplitudes were extracted by matching the shape and maximum EF of the 0.2 V/mm isolevel. Results: The maximum EF extension at 0.2 V/mm varied between 2-5 mm with a small difference between the leads. In voltage mode EF increased about 1 mm at acute compared to the chronic PES. Current mode presented the opposite relationship. Equivalent EFs for lead 3389 at 3 V were found for 7 mA (acute) and 2.2 mA (chronic). Conclusions: Simulations showed a major impact on the electric field extension between postoperative time points. This may explain the clinical decisions to reprogram the amplitude weeks after implantation. Neither the EF extension nor intensity is considerably influenced by the lead design

UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry of folic acid

UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry is a very promising analytical technique due to the complementary information that is simultaneously obtained from electrochemistry and spectroscopy. In this work, this technique is used in a parallel configuration to study the oxidation of folic acid in alkaline medium. Herein, UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry has been used to detect both the oxidation products and the folic acid consumed at the electrode/solution interface, allowing us to develop an analytical protocol to quantify vitamin B9 in pharmaceutical tablets. Linear ranges of three orders of magnitude have been achieved in basic medium (pH = 12.9), obtaining high repeatability and low detection limits. The spectroelectrochemical determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical tablets at alkaline pH values is particularly interesting because of the changes that occur in the optical signal during the electrochemical oxidation of FA, providing results with very good figures of merit and demonstrating the utility and versatility of this hyphenated technique, UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant CTQ2017-83935-R-AEI/FEDERUE), Junta de Castilla y León (Grant BU297P18), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Grant RED2018-102412-T). F.O. is grateful for the contract funded by Junta de Castilla y León, the European Social Fund, and the Youth Employment Initiative.Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Normal or parallel configuration in spectroelectrochemistry? Bidimensional spectroelectroanalysis in presence of an antioxidant compound

This work demonstrates how the way a chemical system is sampled plays a key role in spectroelectroanalysis, illustrated by the quantification of an analyte in presence of an antioxidant compound. For this purpose, bidimensional spectroelectrochemistry experiments were performed using epinephrine as the model analyte and ascorbic acid as antioxidant and interfering compound, as a proof of concept. This is the first time that three calibration curves are obtained simultaneously on a single spectroelectrochemistry data set, one for the electrochemical signal and two for the optical responses in normal and parallel configurations. The differences between the two optical arrangements, that are related to the diffusion process which is an essential feature for the spectroelectrochemical detection of compounds, have been experimentally demonstrated. As can be observed, the spectral signal in parallel configuration allows us to obtain the best analytical results, since in this configuration only the first micrometers of the solution adjacent to the electrode surface are sampled, thus removing the interfering effect of the antioxidant compound. This fact does not occur with either the electrochemical signal or the spectral response in normal configuration. Furthermore, it has been shown that the parallel configuration provides better results than the normal configuration in terms of sensitivity. In summary, epinephrine is successfully detected in a simple and effective way, even in the presence of a direct antioxidant compound such as ascorbic acid at different concentrations levels, which makes spectroelectrochemistry a good choice for quantitative analysis.Authors acknowledge the financial support given by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, PID2020-113154RB-C21) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Grant RED2018-102412-T). Fabiola Olmo is grateful for the contract funded by Junta de Castilla y León, the European Social Fund, and the Youth Employment Initiative

Spectroelectrochemical Determination of Isoprenaline in a Pharmaceutical Sample

UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) is a multi-response technique that has been commonly used for the characterization of materials and the study of reaction mechanisms. However, it has been scarcely used for quantitative purposes. SEC allows us to obtain two analytical signals simultaneously, yielding a dual sensor in just one experiment. In the last years, our group has developed new devices useful for analysis. In this work, a SEC device in parallel configuration, based on optical fibers fixed on screen-printed electrodes, was used to determine isoprenaline in a commercial drug, using both, the electrochemical and the spectroscopic signals. In this commercial drug, isoprenaline is accompanied in solution by other compounds. Among them is sodium metabisulfite, an antioxidant that strongly interferes in the isoprenaline determination. A simple pretreatment of the drug sample by bubbling wet-air allows us to avoid the interference of metabisulfite. Here, we demonstrate again the capabilities of UV/Vis absorption SEC as double sensor for analysis and we propose a simple pretreatment to remove interfering compounds.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant CTQ2017-83935-R-AEI/FEDERUE), Junta de Castilla y León (Grant BU297P18), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Grant RED2018-102412-T). F.O. is grateful for the contract funded by Junta de Castilla y León, the European Social Fund and the Youth Employment Initiative. J.G.R. thanks Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for his postdoctoral contract (Grant CTQ2017-83935-R AEI/FEDER, UE)

A amizade na sala de aula e a educação inclusiva: reflexões filosóficas

This article has the purpose to discuss the importance of friendship since teacher formation, in order to contribute to deal with challenges that emerge in the classroom. Of theoretical-philosophical character, the reflections here dealt have the objective of discussing the teachers’ necessity that keeps away from what is considered normal in dealing with conducts and the way of being of the students. So the theme of friendship, as the Philosophy approaches, can help not only the understanding of teachers’ conceptions and attitudes about disabled students, but their changing too. According to Aristotle, the friendship is the ability and the disposition that we have to live together with the other, wanting for us what is believed to be good, and done for the other. It can ensure a good performance of the teacher in the construction and the practice of an innovative Inclusive Education.Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a importância da amizade desde a formação docente, de maneira a contribuir para o enfrentamento dos desafios que emergem na sala de aula. De caráter teórico-filosófico, as reflexões aqui tratadas visam debater acerca da necessidade que os professores demonstram, ao lidar com condutas e maneira de ser dos alunos, que, a princípio, se distanciam daquilo que é considerado normal. Para tanto, o tema da amizade, como aborda a Filosofia, pode ajudar não apenas na compreensão, mas na mudança das concepções e das atitudes que os professores têm a respeito dos alunos deficientes. Segundo Aristóteles, a amizade é a capacidade e a disposição que temos de viver junto com o outro, querendo para nós aquilo que se crê que seja bom, e feita por causa desse outro, o que pode garantir um bom desempenho do professor na construção e na prática de uma Educação Inclusiva inovadora

A amizade na sala de aula e a educação inclusiva: reflexões filosóficas

This article has the purpose to discuss the importance of friendship since teacher formation, in order to contribute to deal with challenges that emerge in the classroom. Of theoretical-philosophical character, the reflections here dealt have the objective of discussing the teachers’ necessity that keeps away from what is considered normal in dealing with conducts and the way of being of the students. So the theme of friendship, as the Philosophy approaches, can help not only the understanding of teachers’ conceptions and attitudes about disabled students, but their changing too. According to Aristotle, the friendship is the ability and the disposition that we have to live together with the other, wanting for us what is believed to be good, and done for the other. It can ensure a good performance of the teacher in the construction and the practice of an innovative Inclusive Education.Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a importância da amizade desde a formação docente, de maneira a contribuir para o enfrentamento dos desafios que emergem na sala de aula. De caráter teórico-filosófico, as reflexões aqui tratadas visam debater acerca da necessidade que os professores demonstram, ao lidar com condutas e maneira de ser dos alunos, que, a princípio, se distanciam daquilo que é considerado normal. Para tanto, o tema da amizade, como aborda a Filosofia, pode ajudar não apenas na compreensão, mas na mudança das concepções e das atitudes que os professores têm a respeito dos alunos deficientes. Segundo Aristóteles, a amizade é a capacidade e a disposição que temos de viver junto com o outro, querendo para nós aquilo que se crê que seja bom, e feita por causa desse outro, o que pode garantir um bom desempenho do professor na construção e na prática de uma Educação Inclusiva inovadora

Comparison study between colorimetric method and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in serum zinc status

Introduction: Zinc is an essential trace element for human life and its deficiency affects human growth and development. Serum zinc concentration (SZnC) provides useful information in the clinical categorization of deficiency and toxicity states. Objectives: This paper presents a comparison study of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FASS) and the Colorimetric method in the analysis of SZnC and hypozincemia. Methods: The serum concentrations of zinc of 93 patients (1 to 31 years old) with chronic diseases were used for analysis. Statistical analytical: for SZnC, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression analysis, Bland & Altman method (B&A), and concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were valued; and for hypozincemia, the differences were studied and Cohen’s Kappa index was used. Results: The main results indicate the means of the SZnC by both methods presented neither significant difference (p=0.328) nor linear relation (R=0.18, p=0.077). Furthermore, the percentage of cases of hypozincemia by the Colorimetric method was almost double (13%) than by the FASS (8%). There was only one coincident case in both methods at <70 μg/dl. Discussion: The Colorimetric method in hypozincemia ranges predicted lower values with the FASS. This concordance poor between both methods was corroborated with a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) lowly of 0.17. Moreover, the Cohen’s Kappa index (-0.013) shown a concordance poor between both methods, too. In other studies, the variability of SZnC by Colorimetric method is more than FASS. Conclusion: In summary, despite that, the mean of serum concentrations of zinc by both methods is similar; the diagnosis of cass with hypozincemia is not. The degree of agreement between methods is poor, with a poor strength of concordance to diagnosis hypozincemia. Therefore, we recommended the use of FASS to evaluated zinc status and diagnosis of hypozincemia, instead of the Colorimetric method

Medición, evaluación y propuesta de control del ruido ocupacional presente en el área operativa de la empresa Dona Servicios y Transportes E.I.R.L. Arequipa – 2018

La presente tesis describe la investigación realizada en la empresa Dona servicios y transportes E.I.R.L. a los trabajadores que se encontraban expuestos a altos niveles de ruido; el objetivo fue determinar si los altos niveles de ruido presentes en el área de trabajo generaban daño auditivo. En primer lugar, se identificó cuáles eran las áreas con mayor presencia de ruido, una vez determinado este parámetro se procedió a verificar la salud auditiva de los trabajadores; esto pudo ser posible, ya que, la empresa cuenta con un médico ocupacional el cual realiza un seguimiento constante de la salud auditiva de los colaboradores. Posteriormente era importante conocer el nivel de ruido presente en las áreas de trabajo para lo cual, realizamos mediciones de ruido siguiendo los lineamientos establecidos en la Guía N° 1 del DS 024 -2016 EM Reglamento de Seguridad y salud Ocupacional en Minería. Establecimos 4 puntos de medición donde evidenciamos que los niveles de ruido presentes en el área de trabajo superaban los LMP establecidos en la RM 375 – 2008 – TR. Una vez determinado los niveles de ruido, se realizó el análisis de las fichas audiológicas donde pudimos evidenciar que 3 (30%) trabajadores había disminuido su nivel auditivo presentando un diagnóstico de trauma acústico bilateral, mientras que en su ficha de ingreso registraron un diagnostico auditivo de normoacusia bilateral. Descartamos que dicho tema pueda ser determinado por los hábitos de ruido que tiene cada colaborador realizando un análisis de la encuesta aplicada en la ficha audiológica; concluyendo que el ruido presente en el área de trabajo estaba afectando la salud auditiva de los trabajadores, por ello se propuso atenuar este riesgo físico con medidas de control de tipo administrativas y de ingeniería, sugiriendo una serie de opciones que van de la mano con la realidad de la empresa, con la finalidad de preservar la salud auditiva de los trabajadores.TesisCampus Arequip

Propuesta de diseño vial seguro enfocado en ciclistas en la intersección Av. Canada con Av. Nicolas Arriola

El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en la propuesta de diseño vial seguro enfocado en ciclistas en una intersección. Según datos estadísticos, se conoce que hubo un incremento en la posesión de bicicletas en el Perú, en los últimos tres años, debido a la pandemia. Es por ello que la Municipalidad habilitaron ciclovías temporales para dar alternativas de accesibilidad a los ciclistas. Sin embargo, esto ocasionó un aumento en los siniestros donde participan los ciclistas. Es por ello que se escogió una ciclovía donde se haya tenido antecedentes y sea propenso a tener más accidentes. Se propuso hacer un análisis a la intersección de la avenida Canadá con avenida Nicolas Arriola, para conocer los puntos conflictos entre los vehículos motorizados y ciclistas. Para ello se hace una investigación de campo donde se conoce la realidad de la intersección y obtener datos reales para el aforo vehicular. Además, se propone tres rediseños a la intersección para disminuir los conflictos encontrados. Estos rediseños están basados en el bike box y protected intersection. Estos rediseños se colocan en un programa de micro simulación para conocer la disminución de conflictos. Los resultados serian que la propuesta del bike box presenta un resultado positivo ya que redujo en un 25% los puntos de conflictos mientras que el diseño basado en protected intersection no influye en la disminución de puntos de conflictos.This research work focuses on the proposal for safe road design focused on cyclists at an intersection. According to statistical data, it is known that there was an increase in the ownership of bicycles in Peru in the last three years, due to the pandemic. That is why the Municipality will enable temporary bike lanes to provide accessibility alternatives to cyclists. However, this caused an increase in accidents involving cyclists. That is why a cycle path was chosen where there has been a history and is prone to having more accidents. It was proposed to carry out an analysis of the intersection of Canada Avenue and Nicolas Arriola Avenue, to understand the conflicts between motorized vehicles and cyclists. For that we have to do a data research to know the reality intersection and to obtein the real data for the vehicle capacity. In addition, three redesigns of the intersection are proposed to reduce the conflicts found. These redesigns are based on the bicycle box and the protected intersection. These redesigns are placed in a micro simulation program to determine the decrease in conflicts. The results will be that the bike box proposal presents a positive result since it will reduce conflict points by 25% while the design based on protected intersection does not influence the reduction of conflict points.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona