O contributo da auditoria pública para a Good Governance

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas PúblicasEste trabalho visa discutir o papel das ISC enquanto entidades de auditoria pública, e qual o seu contributo para a good governance. Das diversas pesquisas bibliográficas efetuadas, apurou-se que a good governance é tida como uma forma de governação, boa, que assenta em participação pública, em transparência, responsabilização, respeito, cumprimento da lei e satisfação das necessidades das populações, onde se basearia a força do desenvolvimento social. Face aos objetivos de trabalho definidos, foi assim produzido e aplicado um guião de entrevista a vários intervenientes qualificados de auditoria pública, tendo-se recolhido opinião, experiências e visão sobre o modo como a good governance acontece hoje em Portugal, nomeadamente quanto à transparência da governação, quanto acautela os riscos da atividade pública e quanto permite a aplicação da accountability. A utilização e aplicação de auditoria pública, facilitará o processo de criação de valor e confiança pública de toda uma comunidade. De acordo com a literatura de referência e com os entrevistados, a auditoria de contexto público tem um papel determinante na concretização da good governance. De resto, vários organismos internacionais de referência (OCDE, ONU, FMI, Banco Mundial, entre outros) perseguem e fomentam a prática da good governance, não só, mas também, com recurso ao reforço de práticas e procedimentos de auditoria pública, fazendo relevar o papel complementar entre a produção de auditorias de compliance e de auditorias de performance. Das entrevistas aos intervenientes qualificados nestas matérias, foram obtidos importantes contributos, em especial de reforço da prática da good governance através da auditoria pública e dos relatórios produzidos por esta, reforçando assim a cidadania.This paper aims to discuss the role of SAIs as public audit entities, and is contribution to good governance. From the various bibliographical studies carried out, it was found that good governance is considered as a good form of governance, based on public participation, transparency, accountability, respect, compliance with the law and meeting the needs of the population for social development. In view of the defined work objectives, an interview guide was produced and applied to a number of qualified interviewees which used public audit. Their opinions, experiences and insights were collected on how good governance occurs; how it is transparent and of much to guard against the risks of public activity and how much it allows the application of accountability today in Portugal. The public audit outcome will be to create public value and trust for an entire community. According to the reference literature and the interviewees, the public context audit plays a decisive role in the achievement of good governance. In addition, several international reference organizations (OECD, UN, IMF, World Bank, among others) pursue and foster good governance not only, but also through the reinforcement of public auditing practices and procedures, regarding the complementary role between the production of compliance audits and performance audits. From the interviews with the qualified actors in these matters, important contributions were obtained, in particular to reinforce the practice of good governance through public auditing and the reports produced by it, thus reinforcing citizenship.N/

Exploring Male and Female Voices through Epistemic Modality and Evidentiality in Some Modern English Travel Texts on the Canaries

This article describes authorial voice through evidential and epistemic sentential devices in a corpus of 19th and early 20th century travel texts. The corpus contains four works written by female travellers and the other four by men. Therefore, apart from providing a catalogue of the strategies deployed by the authors in order to mark modality and evidentiality, we also report on expected differences in their frequencies of use in relation to the writer’s gender. In addition, the interest of this study lies in the fact that, to the best of our knowledge, no research on writer stance has previously been carried out in texts belonging to the genre of travel writing

Componentes da Acção Político-Estratégica e da Acção Militar

A figura de Adido ligado às questões militares existe desde o século XVII e tem-se vindo a adaptar às diferentes conjunturas políticas, geográficas e temporais em termos de funções, modo de operar e nomes atribuídos. É uma figura mundialmente aceite e funciona em termos quase sempre bilaterais, pelo que tem um papel preponderante internacionalmente quer na área militar, quer na área diplomática (político-estratégica). Este trabalho analisa esses dois papéis à luz da transformação legislativa conducente à reestruturação do Estado Maior General das Forças Armadas, das novas funções da Direcção Geral de Política de Defesa Nacional e compara com entidades análogas de países de referência, visando contribuir para a percepção do ambiente do seu empenho e da sua preparação. Conclui-se que os Adidos de Defesa portugueses estão preparados tecnicamente embora padeçam de lacunas a nível administrativo e de formação para a percepção cultural dos locais para onde são enviados. Este facto amplia a importância da criteriosa escolha dos indivíduos para o cargo. Salienta-se também a mudança de estratégia na colocação dos Adidos quer nas áreas de acção quer no estilo de presença, levantando esta última preocupações em termos de eficácia. Abstract: The figure of Attaché to military questions exists since the XVIIth century and has been changing according to the different political, geographical and temporal environment in terms of function and name. It’s figure is worldwide accepted and is usually bilateral, propelling its important role not only in military affairs but also in diplomatic ones (political-strategical). This work analises these two functions at the light of the new legislation conducting to the restructuring of the Portuguese Armed Forces General Staff (Estado Maior General das Forças Armadas), the new attributions given to the organ conducting the Politics of the Portuguese National Deffence (Direcção Geral de Política de Defesa Nacional) and makes the parallel with analogous referenced countries, aiming to contribut to the perception of the environment where they work and their preparation to the functions. It concludes that the portuguese Deffence Attachés are technically prepared although lack in terms of administrative support and foreign culture formation. This enphasises the importance of the choice of the individuals to the job. The new strategy of deplloyment both geographical and in presence style is also bolded, this last one leaving preocupation in terms of it’s effectiveness

Modelling probabilistic cache representativeness in the presence of arbitrary access patterns

Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA) is a promising powerful industry-friendly method to derive worst-case execution time (WCET) estimates as needed for critical real-time embedded systems. MBPTA performs several (R) runs of the program on the target platform collecting the execution times in each run. MBPTA builds a probabilistic representativeness argument on whether those events with high impact on execution time, such as cache misses, arise on the runs made at analysis time so that their impact on execution time is captured. So far only events occurring in cache memories have been shown to challenge providing such representativeness argument. In this context, this paper introduces a representativeness validation method (RVS) to assess the probabilistic representativeness of MBPTA’s execution time observations in terms of cache behaviour. RVS resorts to cache simulation to predict worst-case miss scenarios that can appear during the deployment phase. RVS also constructs a probabilistic Worst-Case Miss Count curve based on the miss-counts captured in the R runs. If that curve upperbounds the impact of the predicted cache worst-case scenarios, R is deemed as a sufficient number of runs for which pWCET estimates can be reliably derived. Otherwise, the user is requested to perform more runs until all cache scenarios of interest are captured.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

DCanarias

The traditional touristic pressure of ‘sand and sun’ has implied the lost of identity signs, including values like the gastronomical arriving as far as the practical disappearance of products originary from some of the Islands. Their recovery pass for the existence of promotionals and sales channels that based on ICT’s overcome distances and accede from excelence to more global markets, the revaluation of the original and different, and the elaboration and the realease of the product into the market with quality and excelence parameters. This is the bet of Dcanarias, an outstanding company at the Canaries that pretends to accede to a market shaped by the more than twelve million annual visitors that are welcomed at the Islands

Gyf hyr this medycyn: analysing the Middle English recipe medical discourse

Within the historical studies of the English language, only the literary genre has been traditionally under the spotlight. However, there is a numher of texts which still remain virtually unstudied, at least, as far as their inter- nal structure is concerned. Nevertheless, studies on this particular matter by Manfred Górlach, and Paivi Pahta have enjoyed some attention. In this paper, I present the analysis of the recipes contained in Yale MS 47 (ff 60r- 71v) pointing out the structure of the texts, and the diffe- rent linguistic devices used in the different parts of the medical recipe.

Stance matrices licensing that-clauses and interpersonal meaning in nineteenth-century women's instructive writing in English

This paper examines stance matrices licensing that-clauses in a corpus of instructional texts authored by women during the nineteenth century, gathered under the label COWITE19. These matrices can reveal various aspects of the authors' assessment, involvement and understanding of the information they present. In other words, their use discloses the authors' evaluation of their text while conveying a wide range of interpersonal meanings without disregarding their organising potential as textual markers. The types of matrices explored in this article precede the that-clauses and generally contain information denoting authorial perspective and involvement. The data used to demonstrate their forms and functions derive from analysing all cases found in the Corpus of Women's Instructive Texts in English (1550–1900) (COWITE); for the current study, only the nineteenth-century sub-corpus, henceforth COWITE19, has been considered. This corpus exclusively comprises instructional texts penned by women during the nineteenth century. The findings reveal that although the corpus primarily encompasses recipes from a diverse range of registers, the authoritative voice of women is distinctly evident in the matrices analysed, conveying a series of interpersonal meanings that unequivocally highlight the experience of women writers and their adept command of the content and techniques being discussed.Este trabajo aborda el estudio de las matrices que introducen las that-clauses en un corpus de textos instructivos escritos por mujeres en el siglo XIX, y recopilados como COWITE19. Las matrices pueden mostrar aspectos tan diversos como la evaluación, la implicación y la comprensión que los autores hacen de la información enmarcada por dichas matrices. En otras palabras, el uso de estos dispositivos revela la estimación que los autores hacen de su propio texto, al tiempo que permiten transmitir una amplia gama de significados interpersonales, si no podemos descartar fácilmente su potencial organizador como marcadores textuales. El tipo de matrices estudiadas en este texto son las que preceden a las that-clauses y que, por lo general, llevan la información que designa la postura y la implicación de las autoras. Los datos utilizados para ilustrar las formas que presentan estas cláusulas y sus funciones proceden de un análisis de todos los casos encontrados en el Corpus of Women's Instructive Texts in English (1550-1900) (COWITE); para este trabajo, sólo se ha considerado el subcorpus del siglo XIX, esto es, COWITE19. Este corpus se compone en su totalidad de textos instructivos escritos por mujeres en el siglo XIX. Las conclusiones revelan que, a pesar de que el corpus incluye básicamente recetas en una gran variedad de registros, la posición acreditada de las mujeres en sus áreas de especialización se pone claramente de manifiesto en las matrices analizadas para transmitir una serie de significados interpersonales que señalan claramente la experiencia de las escritoras y su buen dominio de los contenidos y de las técnicas que se relatan.Aquest treball aborda l'estudi de les matrius que introdueixen les that-clauses en un corpus de textos instructius escrits per dones en el segle XIX, i recopilats com COWITE19. Les matrius poden mostrar aspectes tan diversos com l'avaluació, la implicació i la comprensió que els autors fan de la informació emmarcada per aquestes matrius. En altres paraules, l'ús d'aquests dispositius revela l'estimació que els autors fan del seu propi text, al mateix temps que permeten transmetre una àmplia gamma de significats interpersonals, si no podem descartar fàcilment el seu potencial organitzador com a marcadors textuals. El tipus de matrius estudiades en aquest text són les que precedeixen a les that-clauses i que, en general, porten la informació que designa la postura i la implicació de les autores. Les dades utilitzades per a il·lustrar les formes que presenten aquestes clàusules i les seves funcions procedeixen d'una anàlisi de tots els casos trobats en el Corpus of Women's Instructive Texts in English (1550-1900) (COWITE); per a aquest treball, només s'ha considerat el subcorpus del segle XIX, això és, COWITE19. Aquest corpus es compon íntegrament de textos instructius escrits per dones en el segle XIX. Les conclusions revelen que, a pesar que el corpus inclou bàsicament receptes en una gran varietat de registres, la posició acreditada de les dones en les seves àrees d'especialització es posa clarament de manifest en les matrius analitzades per a transmetre una sèrie de significats interpersonals que assenyalen clarament l'experiència de les escriptores i el seu bon domini dels continguts i de les tècniques que es relaten.The research conducted in this article has been supported by the Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021–2023 of the Ministerios de Ciencia e Innovación under award number PID2021-125928NB-I00, and the Agencia Canaria de investigación, innovación y sociedad de la información under award number CEI2020-09. We hereby express our thanks

Stance marking and register in Middle English charms

This paper explores the expression of stance in a corpus of Middle English charms of the fifteenth century. All the charms have a healing function, and they are used whenever standard herbal remedies are ineffective. The sources from where the texts have been taken are various, all of them from edited printed material. The study of language use and the expression of personal attitude and evaluation have been studied earlier, both synchronically (Chafe 1986; Hunston 1994) and diachronically (Kytö 1991; Salager-Meyer – Defyves 1998). However, to my knowledge, the medieval English charm has not been the object of any previous account. This study of stance in charms has implications for language register, and shows both the relationship of the authors and their texts, and the authors and their audience