141 research outputs found
Toward a North American Standard for Mobile Data Services
The rapid introduction of digital mobile communications systems is an important part of the emerging digital communications scene. These developments pose both a potential problem and a challenge. On one hand, these separate market driven developments can result in an uncontrolled mixture of analog and digital links which inhibit data modem services across the mobile/Public Switched network (PSTN). On the other hand, the near coincidence of schedules for development of some of these systems, i.e., Digital Cellular, Mobile Satellite, Land Mobile Radio, and ISDN, provides an opportunity to address interoperability problems by defining interfaces, control, and service standards that are compatible among these new services. In this paper we address the problem of providing data services interoperation between mobile terminals and data devices on the PSTN. The expected data services include G3 Fax, asynchronous data, and the government's STU-3 secure voice system, and future data services such as ISDN. We address a common architecture and a limited set of issues that are key to interoperable mobile data services. We believe that common mobile data standards will both improve the quality of data service and simplify the systems for manufacturers, data users, and service providers
Draft genome sequence of Desulfurobacterium sp. Strain AV08, a Thermophilic Chemolithoautotroph isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent
© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Skoog, E. J., Huber, J. A., Serres, M. H., Levesque, A., & Zeigler Allen, L. Draft genome sequence of Desulfurobacterium sp. Strain AV08, a Thermophilic Chemolithoautotroph isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 10(34), (2021): e0061521, https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00615-21.A thermophilic chemolithoautotrophic bacterium was isolated from vent fluids at Axial Seamount, an active deep-sea volcano in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We present the draft genome sequence of Desulfurobacterium sp. strain AV08.This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Exobiology Program (grant 80NSSC18K1076 to L.Z.A. and J.A.H.). This study was also partially supported by the NSF Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI) (grant OCE-0939564 to J.A.H.)
Hard X-ray emission in the star-forming region ON2: discovery with XMM-Newton
We obtained X-ray XMM-Newton observations of the open cluster Berkeley 87 and
the massive star-forming region (SFR) ON 2. In addition, archival infrared
Spitzer Space Telescope observations were used. It is likely that the SFR ON 2
and Berkeley 87 are at the same distance, 1.23 kpc, and hence are associated.
The XMM-Newton observations detected X-rays from massive stars in Berkeley 87
as well as diffuse emission from the SFR ON 2. The two patches of diffuse X-ray
emission are encompassed in the shell-like H II region GAL 75.84+0.40 in the
northern part of ON 2 and in the ON 2S region in the southern part of ON 2. The
diffuse emission from GAL 75.84+0.40 suffers an absorption column equivalent to
A_V approx. 28 mag. Its spectrum can be fitted either with a thermal plasma
model at T < 30 MK or by an absorbed power-law model with gamma; approx. -2.6.
The X-ray luminosity of GAL 75.84+0.40 is L_X approx. 6 10^31 erg/s. The
diffuse emission from ON 2S is adjacent to the ultra-compact H II (UCHII)
region Cygnus 2N, but does not coincide with it or with any other known UCHII
region. It has a luminosity of L_X approx. 4 10^31 erg/s. The spectrum can be
fitted with an absorbed power-law model with gamma; approx.-1.4. We adopt the
view of Turner and Forbes (1982) that the SFR ON 2 is physically associated
with the massive star cluster Berkeley 87 hosting the WO type star WR 142. We
discuss different explanations for the apparently diffuse X-ray emission in
these SFRs. These include synchrotron radiation, invoked by the co-existence of
strongly shocked stellar winds and turbulent magnetic fields in the
star-forming complex, cluster wind emission, or an unresolved population of
discrete sources.Comment: ApJ 2010, 712, 763. Reduced fig. resolution. Full resolution version
is at
http://www.astro.physik.uni-potsdam.de/research/abstracts/oskinova-ber87.htm
Hydrodynamic interactions in colloidal ferrofluids: A lattice Boltzmann study
We use lattice Boltzmann simulations, in conjunction with Ewald summation
methods, to investigate the role of hydrodynamic interactions in colloidal
suspensions of dipolar particles, such as ferrofluids. Our work addresses
volume fractions of up to 0.20 and dimensionless dipolar interaction
parameters of up to 8. We compare quantitatively with Brownian
dynamics simulations, in which many-body hydrodynamic interactions are absent.
Monte Carlo data are also used to check the accuracy of static properties
measured with the lattice Boltzmann technique. At equilibrium, hydrodynamic
interactions slow down both the long-time and the short-time decays of the
intermediate scattering function , for wavevectors close to the peak of
the static structure factor , by a factor of roughly two. The long-time
slowing is diminished at high interaction strengths whereas the short-time
slowing (quantified via the hydrodynamic factor ) is less affected by the
dipolar interactions, despite their strong effect on the pair distribution
function arising from cluster formation. Cluster formation is also studied in
transient data following a quench from ; hydrodynamic interactions
slow the formation rate, again by a factor of roughly two
Primary B-Cell Deficiencies Reveal a Link between Human IL-17-Producing CD4 T-Cell Homeostasis and B-Cell Differentiation
IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The development/survival of IL-17-producing CD4 T cells (Th17) share critical cues with B-cell differentiation and the circulating follicular T helper subset was recently shown to be enriched in Th17 cells able to help B-cell differentiation. We investigated a putative link between Th17-cell homeostasis and B cells by studying the Th17-cell compartment in primary B-cell immunodeficiencies. Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID), defined by defects in B-cell differentiation into plasma and memory B cells, are frequently associated with autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations but we found no relationship between these and Th17-cell frequency. In fact, CVID patients showed a decrease in Th17-cell frequency in parallel with the expansion of activated non-differentiated B cells (CD21lowCD38low). Moreover, Congenital Agammaglobulinemia patients, lacking B cells due to impaired early B-cell development, had a severe reduction of circulating Th17 cells. Finally, we found a direct correlation in healthy individuals between circulating Th17-cell frequency and both switched-memory B cells and serum BAFF levels, a crucial cytokine for B-cell survival. Overall, our data support a relationship between Th17-cell homeostasis and B-cell maturation, with implications for the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and the physiology of B-cell depleting therapies
Identification of Colorectal Cancer Related Genes with mRMR and Shortest Path in Protein-Protein Interaction Network
One of the most important and challenging problems in biomedicine and genomics is how to identify the disease genes. In this study, we developed a computational method to identify colorectal cancer-related genes based on (i) the gene expression profiles, and (ii) the shortest path analysis of functional protein association networks. The former has been used to select differentially expressed genes as disease genes for quite a long time, while the latter has been widely used to study the mechanism of diseases. With the existing protein-protein interaction data from STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes), a weighted functional protein association network was constructed. By means of the mRMR (Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy) approach, six genes were identified that can distinguish the colorectal tumors and normal adjacent colonic tissues from their gene expression profiles. Meanwhile, according to the shortest path approach, we further found an additional 35 genes, of which some have been reported to be relevant to colorectal cancer and some are very likely to be relevant to it. Interestingly, the genes we identified from both the gene expression profiles and the functional protein association network have more cancer genes than the genes identified from the gene expression profiles alone. Besides, these genes also had greater functional similarity with the reported colorectal cancer genes than the genes identified from the gene expression profiles alone. All these indicate that our method as presented in this paper is quite promising. The method may become a useful tool, or at least plays a complementary role to the existing method, for identifying colorectal cancer genes. It has not escaped our notice that the method can be applied to identify the genes of other diseases as well
mRNA-Seq Analysis of the Pseudoperonospora cubensis Transcriptome During Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Infection
Pseudoperonospora cubensis, an oomycete, is the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, and is responsible for significant losses on cucurbit crops worldwide. While other oomycete plant pathogens have been extensively studied at the molecular level, Ps. cubensis and the molecular basis of its interaction with cucurbit hosts has not been well examined. Here, we present the first large-scale global gene expression analysis of Ps. cubensis infection of a susceptible Cucumis sativus cultivar, ‘Vlaspik’, and identification of genes with putative roles in infection, growth, and pathogenicity. Using high throughput whole transcriptome sequencing, we captured differential expression of 2383 Ps. cubensis genes in sporangia and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 days post-inoculation (dpi). Additionally, comparison of Ps. cubensis expression profiles with expression profiles from an infection time course of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans on Solanum tuberosum revealed similarities in expression patterns of 1,576–6,806 orthologous genes suggesting a substantial degree of overlap in molecular events in virulence between the biotrophic Ps. cubensis and the hemi-biotrophic P. infestans. Co-expression analyses identified distinct modules of Ps. cubensis genes that were representative of early, intermediate, and late infection stages. Collectively, these expression data have advanced our understanding of key molecular and genetic events in the virulence of Ps. cubensis and thus, provides a foundation for identifying mechanism(s) by which to engineer or effect resistance in the host
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Ontology-based end-user visual query formulation: Why, what, who, how, and which?
Value creation in an organisation is a time-sensitive and data-intensive process, yet it is often delayed and bounded by the reliance on IT experts extracting data for domain experts. Hence, there is a need for providing people who are not professional developers with the flexibility to pose relatively complex and ad hoc queries in an easy and intuitive way. In this respect, visual methods for query formulation undertake the challenge of making querying independent of users’ technical skills and the knowledge of the underlying textual query language and the structure of data. An ontology is more promising than the logical schema of the underlying data for guiding users in formulating queries, since it provides a richer vocabulary closer to the users’ understanding. However, on the one hand, today the most of world’s enterprise data reside in relational databases rather than triple stores, and on the other, visual query formulation has become more compelling due to ever-increasing data size and complexity—known as Big Data. This article presents and argues for ontology-based visual query formulation for end-users; discusses its feasibility in terms of ontology-based data access, which virtualises legacy relational databases as RDF, and the dimensions of Big Data; presents key conceptual aspects and dimensions, challenges, and requirements; and reviews, categorises, and discusses notable approaches and systems
RA-MAP, molecular immunological landscapes in early rheumatoid arthritis and healthy vaccine recipients
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with poorly defined aetiology characterised by synovial inflammation with variable disease severity and drug responsiveness. To investigate the peripheral blood immune cell landscape of early, drug naive RA, we performed comprehensive clinical and molecular profiling of 267 RA patients and 52 healthy vaccine recipients for up to 18 months to establish a high quality sample biobank including plasma, serum, peripheral blood cells, urine, genomic DNA, RNA from whole blood, lymphocyte and monocyte subsets. We have performed extensive multi-omic immune phenotyping, including genomic, metabolomic, proteomic, transcriptomic and autoantibody profiling. We anticipate that these detailed clinical and molecular data will serve as a fundamental resource offering insights into immune-mediated disease pathogenesis, progression and therapeutic response, ultimately contributing to the development and application of targeted therapies for RA.</p
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