How winning teams become championship teams : a baseball team architectural analysis

Includes bibliographical references.The purpose of this project was to understand why certain Major League Baseball teams are extremely successful during Major League Baseball's regular season, but often do not have that same success in the play-offs. Similarly, why do certain teams have tremendous success in the play-offs? This project analyzed the architecture of Major League Baseball teams that had success in the regular season to teams that had success in the post season. More specifically, the teams were separated into two groups: teams that were Regular Season champions and teams that were World Series champions. The teams were analyzed and compared on the basis of how they distributed their payroll and statistics within their rosters. The analysis showed that there were differences between the two groups. There were also many similarities between the two groups which proved that successful teams are built in many of the same ways. Finally, recommendations were made on how a team can build its roster to have not only a winning team, but a championship team.B.S. (Bachelor of Science

Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale: Evidence of Construct Validity in Argentinians

Suicide is a global public health problem. The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the measurement of suicide severity based on the Columbia suicide severity rating scale. We worked with a sample of 516 Argentinean adults, aged 18 to 75. The fit of a measurement model that differentiates between the various degrees of suicidal severity was verified. The specified model returns fit values above the suggested cut-off points, both for the occurrence and frequency indicators. The internal consistency indices from the composite reliability coefficient also show values above the cut-off points for both occurrence and frequency. Finally, evidence of construct validity was obtained from the relationship with external variables. The results are consistent with the theory, showing stronger effects of hopelessness on suicidal ideation compared to suicide attempts. Overall, evidence of construct validity for the measurement of suicidal severity is presented, a contribution that is essential in remedying the lack of studies on suicide in the region and promoting prevention strategies.Depto. de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del ComportamientoFac. de PsicologíaTRUEpu

Three-dimensional post-glacial expansion and diversification of an exploited oceanic fish

Vertical divergence in marine organisms is being increasingly documented, yet much remains to be carried out to understand the role of depth in the context of phylogeographic reconstruction and the identification of management units. An ideal study system to address this issue is the beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella – one of four species of ‘redfish’ occurring in the North Atlantic – which is known for a widely distributed ‘shallow‐pelagic’ oceanic type inhabiting waters between 250 and 550 m, and a more localized ‘deep‐pelagic’ population dwelling between 550 and 800 m, in the oceanic habitat of the Irminger Sea. Here, we investigate the extent of population structure in relation to both depth and geographic spread of oceanic beaked redfish throughout most of its distribution range. By sequencing the mitochondrial control region of 261 redfish collected over a decadal interval, and combining 160 rhodopsin coding nuclear sequences and previously genotyped microsatellite data, we map the existence of two strongly divergent evolutionary lineages with significantly different distribution patterns and historical demography, and whose genetic variance is mostly explained by depth. Combined genetic data, analysed via independent approaches, are consistent with a Late Pleistocene lineage split, where segregation by depth probably resulted from the interplay of climatic and oceanographic processes with life history and behavioural traits. The ongoing process of diversification in North Atlantic S. mentella may serve as an ‘hourglass’ to understand speciation and adaptive radiation in Sebastes and in other marine taxa distributed across a depth gradient

Divergence by depth in an oceanic fish

Despite the striking physical and environmental gradients associated with depth variation in the oceans, relatively little is known about their impact on population diversification, adaptation and speciation. Changes in light associated with increasing depth are likely to alter the visual environment of organisms, and adaptive changes in visual systems may be expected. The pelagic beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella, exhibits depth-associated patterns of substructure in the central North Atlantic, with a widely distributed shallow-pelagic population inhabiting waters between 250 and 550 m depth and a deep-pelagic population dwelling between 550 and 800 m. Here we performed a molecular genetic investigation of samples from fish collected from ‘shallow’ and ‘deep’ populations, using the mitochondrial control region and the gene coding for the visual-pigment rhodopsin. We identify patterns suggestive of potential adaptation to different depths, by detecting a specific amino acid replacement at the rhodopsin gene. Mitochondrial DNA results reflect a scenario of long-term demographic independence between the two S. mentella groups, and raise the possibility that these ‘stocks’ may in fact be two incipient species

Contribution à l'étude de l'administration internationale au service de la paix : le cas des missions de consolidation de la paix

L'étude des relations internationales contemporaines montre l'implication croissante de la communauté internationale et plus particulièrement des organisations internationales dans la vie interne des états. Au nom de la nécessité d'atténuer les menaces à la sécurité et à la paix internationales, le bouclier, que représentait jadis la souveraineté étatique, se fissure peu à peu et les domaines réservés aux états s'étiolent. Instituées pour préserver la paix mais confrontées à de nouvelles formes de conflits, les Nations Unies ont adapté leurs actions afin d'assurer la protection des populations. La consolidation de la paix est devenue omniprésente et pour ce faire l'ONU opte parfois pour l'administration directe de territoires. L'administration internationale de territoires n'est cependant pas un phénomène créé par les Nations Unies, puisqu'il existe un régime de l'occupation. Dans le sillage de ces occupations, a été créé un régime censé favoriser le retour de la paix. D'abord étatique, la gestion internationale des territoires a évolué. Elle s'est peu à peu institutionnalisée. Il existe des règles dédiées à la gestion d'un territoire par une autorité qui n'en émane pas : il s'agit du droit de l'occupation. Il convenait dès lors dans notre étude de s'interroger sur ces règles et d'envisager la possibilité de les appliquer aux missions de consolidation de la paix, dès lors qu'elles participent à l'administration d'un territoire et tiennent en leur pouvoir la population civile. Nous nous sommes de plus attachés à porter un regard global sur l'institutionnalisation de ce processus, tout en gardant à l'esprit les règles qui gouvernent l'occupation des territoiresStudy of contemporary international relations shows the increasing involvement of the international community and especially the international organizations in states'internal affairs. On behalf of the need to mitigate the threats to security and to international peace, the shield, which once represented the state sovereignty is gradually cracked and areas reserved to the states wither. Instituted to preserve peace but confronted with new forms of conflict, the United Nations have adapted their actions to protect the population. We first experienced the maintenance of peace missions and then operations to enforce peace have emerged. Finally, peacebuilding has become ubiquitous and the United Nations sometimes opts for the direct administration of territories. The international administration of territory however is not a phenomenon created by the United Nations, since there is an occupation regime. In the wake of these occupations, was established a regime supposed to promote the return of peace. First from states, the administration of territories has evolved. It has gradually institutionalized. There are rules dedicated to the administration of a territory by an authority which does not emanate: it is the law of occupation. It was therefore appropriate in this study to question these rules and consider the possibility of applying them to peacebuilding missions, if they participate in the administration of a territory and have in their power the civilian population. We are more committed to bring a global perspective on the institutionalization of the process, keeping in mind the rules governing the occupation of the territorie

Etude de la sénescence des nodosités du soja (rôles possibles d'une cystéine protéase et du peroxyde d'hydrogène et recherche de gènes marqueurs)

Les nodosités racinaires, issues de la symbiose qui s établit entre le soja et Bradyrhizobium japonicum, sont caractérisées par une sénescence précoce. Notre but était de trouver des marqueurs moléculaires de ce phénomène. Un gène codant une cystéine protéase est exprimé de manière différentielle durant le développement nodulaire. Par hybridation in situ nous avons montré que ce gène s exprime à la périphérie de la zone centrale, progresse vers son centre et finit par envahir tous les tissus, ceci est col-localisé avec des événements de mort cellulaire programmée et une accumulation d H2O2. Un lien possible entre ces trois processus et leur rôle lors du développement nodulaire sont discutés. Par differential display 3 ADNc ont été isolés. Deux d entre eux, correspondant à un gène codant une noduline22, sont réprimés durant la sénescence et un rôle probable dans des échanges de métaux. Le troisième clone correspond à un gène surexprimé durant cette sénescence, avec une fonction putative dans des processus de mobilisation.The root nodules, resulting from the symbiotic interaction between soybean and Bradyrhizobium japonicum are characterized by an early senescence. Our goal was to find molecular markers of this process. A gene cong for a cysteine protease is differentially expressed during the development of nodules. In situ hybridisation experiments revealed that this gene is expressed as the periphery of the central zone, progresses through the central zone and finishes by being present throughout the nodule. This is co-localized with programmed cell death events and an accumulation of H2O2. A possible links these 3 processes and their role during nodule development is discussed. By differential display, 3 cDNAs were isolated. Two of them corresponded with a gene coding for a nodulin 22, which is repressing during senescence, and is proposed to function in metal changes. The third clone corresponded to a gene over-expressed during senescence and with a putative function in the mobilisation process.NICE-BU Sciences (060882101) / SudocSudocFranceF