Guión de prácticas de topografía

1 archivo PDF (138 páginas)Guión de prácticas que sirve de guía para que el alumno conozca de antemano el trabajo que desarrollará durante las once sesiones de prácticas de que consta un trimestre, asimismo, se entera de los materiales y equipo a utilizar y los reportes que entregará al término de cada sesión

Problemas éticos com diagnóstico pré-implantacional de embriões humanos

The purpose of preimplantation genetic diagnosis by embryonary biopsy is to identify genetic alterations prior to the implantation of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization. The most important aim is the selection of genetically healthy embryos due to their genetic indemnity, but it can also be used to select the sex or, eventually, other detectable traits accrding to the wishes of the parents. This procedure has been the subject of scientific debates, in relation to the harm that it can cause to healthy embryos that are going to be implanted, and in relation to the interpretation of the genetic tests made. Ethical debates have also focused on the production of and respect for the life and the integrity of developing human beings. In this work, it is argued that most of the uses of PGD are morally reprehensible, because they are done with disregard to the dignity that should be granted to embryos as human persons.El diagnóstico genético preimplantacional (DGP) mediante biopsia embrionaria tiene como objeto la detección de alteraciones genéticas previamente a la implantación de embriones producidos por fertilización in vitro (FIV). Su finalidad más significativa es la selección de embriones por su indemnidad genética. También se puede emplear para seleccionar el sexo o eventualmente otras características detectadas según el deseo de los padres. Este procedimiento ha sido objeto de debates en el ámbito científico, por el eventual daño que puede ocasionar la técnica en embriones sanos que serán implantados y por las interpretaciones de los exámenes genéticos realizados. También ha sido objeto de debates en el ámbito ético-antropológico, en cuanto a la producción y al respeto a la vida e integridad de los seres humanos en desarrollo. En este trabajo se argumenta que los usos que se hacen del DGP son, en su gran mayoría, moralmente reprochables, por hacerse con desprecio de la dignidad que debe darse al embrión como persona humana.O Diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional (PGD) por meio de biópsia embrionária visa a identificação de alterações genéticas prévias à implantação de embriões produzidos por fertilização in vitro (FIV). Seu propósito mais significativo é a seleção de embriões por sua característica genética. Ele também pode ser usado para selecionar o sexo ou, eventualmente, outras características identificadas de acordo com os desejos dos pais. Este procedimento tem sido tema de debate em âmbito científico, por eventual dano que pode ocaciosionar a técnica em embriões saudáveis que serão implantados e pela interpretações dos exames genéricos realizados. Ele também tem sido objeto de debate na área ético-antropológica, no que concerne a produção e o respeito à vida e integridade do ser humano em desenvolvimento. Este artigo argumenta que os usos que são feitos do PGD são, em sua grande maioria, moralmente condenáveis, por ser instrumentalizado com desrespeito pela dignidade que deve ser dada ao embrião como uma pessoa humana

Counteracting effects of soil biota on emergence and growth of herbaceous plants

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7972878Background Plants condition the biotic composition of their rhizosphere. In turn, this plant legacy on the soil biota may affect the performance of plants recruiting in their vicinity. Unravelling how plant-soil legacies drive plant recruitment is key to understand vegetation dynamics and plant community assembly. Studies on the topic usually focus on the effects of soil microbiota as a whole, while the relative role of different guilds of soil organisms in the plant recruitment processes is not usually dissected. Aims Here, we used soils of Mediterranean woody plant species to test whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and small-size microbiota (< 50 µm) (MB) affect the germination success and growth of eight herbaceous plants. Results We documented a significant increase in seedling emergence probability when small-sized MB was present and no effect of AMF. In contrast, the aboveground plant biomass decreased with the presence of MB and increased with that of AMF. Interestingly, those plants growing in the absence of MB and in soils from woody plants associated with higher AMF richness developed higher aboveground biomass. Conclusion This study brings new evidence on how soil microbial communities can determine the performance of their associated herb community, and also, how the effects of different microbial guilds may change across the plant ontogeny. Given these results, the differential effect of soil microbial functional guilds should be considered to better understand plant soil legacies and feedbacks, potentially driving plant recruitment and community assembly.Universidad de Jaén/CBUAThe Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MEC) throughout COEXMED II project (CGL2015-69118-C2-1-P)University of Jaén through Acción 9 programme.Project LifeWatch-SUMHAL-WP5 (LWE2103014) (5.1.7

Regular or random: a discussion on SPH initial particle distribution

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has been used to model a variety of objects and for a number of applications in engineering and science. These have ranged from astrophysicstofluidandsolidmechanicsproblems. Muchresearchhasbeendedicatedtoforming a better understanding of the SPH method. As a consequence, new numerical techniques have been developed in order to overcome some of its difficulties and limitations. Nonetheless, there is still a gap in information concerning the impact of the initial particle distribution on the effectiveness of the SPH method. With this in mind, a review of existing recommendations for SPH initial configurations has been conducted in this paper. In addition to this, a numerical exampleispresentedwhichisbasedontheclassical2-Dliddrivencavityproblem,whereinthe upperboundaryexertsahorizontalshearforceonthefluidinsidethecavity. Thevelocityofthe lid is v = 10−3 m/s and the cavity is square with length l = 1x10−3 m. The fluid was modelled with a density ρ = 1000 kg/m3, a viscosity µ = 10−3 kg/ms) (Re = 1). These parameters were held constant for all consequent comparisons. The number of particles is varied from (20 × 20) to (80 × 80). The initial distribution is modelled in three different ways: (i) regular, (ii) pseudo-random (with a 30% random deviation from the regular grid) and (iii) fully random. Theeffectivenessofeachinitialparticledistributionisassessedaccordingtothefieldvelocities and horizontal and vertical centreline velocity profiles. The impact of the initial particle distribution is highlighted and compared against a reference CFD result, and recommendations and conclusions are drawn for the SPH method

Combined beach - inner shelf erosion in short and medium term (Maspalomas, Canary Islands)

The analysis of the accurate topo-bathymetric digital elevation model (DEM), the cartography of the submarine sedimentary cover and the monitoring of short (seasonal) and medium-term (2000-2009) morphological changes have permitted depicting the erosional trend in the short and medium-term of the Maspalomas sedimentary system. Short-term analysis showed intense sedimentary fluxes between the beaches and the inner shelf, and sedimentary exchanges with other sectors of the inner shelf, while the steep slope inner shelf fronting La Bajeta cape was identified as a sink area. In the medium-term the sediment budget showed high erosion of the supratidal and intertidal sectors of the beaches due to storm waves in the 2005-2006 winter, followed by accretion over the next four years, but which did not reach the initial sedimentary state. The inner shelf and subtidal sector of the beaches showed negative budgets in the short and medium-term. Interannual variability of the wave and wind regimes determines decadal beach erosion-accretion cycles, while long-term climatic change, evidenced at the study area by a decrease of trade winds and NE wave intensity in 2005, is expected to produce a possible increase of erosion at the El Inglés inner shelf and consequently a decrease in sediment inputs to the El Inglés beach and Maspalomas dune field. Finally, the influence of the geological heritage is depicted by the Fataga gully’s control of the present coastal morphology, and by the island relief control of the wind, waves and current directions in the study area

Lysophosphatidic acid LPA1-3 receptors: signaling, regulation and in silico analysis of their putative phosphorylation sites

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid with a plethora of roles in the normal function of our organism as well as in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The actions of LPA are mainly mediated through a family of G protein-coupled receptors, which currently is composed of six members; other receptors might participate in LPA actions including a nuclear receptor. In this work, we mainly focus on three of these receptors, i. e.,&nbsp; LPA1-3; those that were initially discovered which, have been more extensively studied and that are phylogenetically related among themselves,&nbsp; as well as with receptors for other bioactive phospholipids, such as those for spingosine 1-phosphate.&nbsp; The characteristics of these receptors, their patterns of tissue expression, and some of the actions in which they are involved are presented. Regulation of receptor function, including desensitization, internalization and phosphorylation has only been studied for the LPA1 subtype. However, in silico analysis of potential phosphorylation sites indicate that all of these three receptors are putatively regulated by agonist activation and heterologous stimuli. We think LPA1-3 receptor regulation constitutes a niche of investigation that is potentially of great importance considering the physiological and pathophysiological actions in which they are involved.&nbsp