A new species of Allogalumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) from Iran, including a key to all species of the genus

A new oribatid mite species of the family Galumnidae, Allogalumna (Allogalumna) iranica sp. n., is described from Iranian soil. It is characterized by the rounded rostrum; long, slightly thick and barbulate interlamellar setae; medium long, thin and smooth rostral and lamellar setae; long sensilli, with densely barbed, slightly dilated lanceolate head; dorsosejugal furrow medially undeveloped; presence of median pore in females and males; large, nearly oval porose areas Aa; and large, elongated, medially narrowed postanal porose area and tridactylous legs. An identification key for the known species of Allogalumna is presented

Evaluation of different combinations of Trichoderma species for controlling Fusarium rot of lentil

The Fusarium disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum has been observed in different areas of Iran in recent years. Current biocontrol studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the Trichoderma species against many fungal phytopathogens. In this study, biocontrol effects of Trichoderma isolates alone and in combination were evaluated against F. oxysporum pathogen. This study shows the ability of Trichoderma harzianum isolates which had been isolated from soil and as such, lentil roots were compared to the combination of the three fungal lentil Fusarium root. Three isolates (T. harzianum) T1, (Trichoderma asperellum) T2, (Trichoderma virens) T3, were selected base on good antagonist effect after screening tests for antifungal combination effects against Fusarium disease pathogen in greenhouse. In dual culture tests, three (T1, T2 and T3) isolates covered and colonized the colony of the pathogen. In other experiment, three (T1, T2 and T3) isolates covered and colonized the colony of the other Trichoderma isolates. Microscopic studies revealed hyphal coiling (hyperparasitism) of isolates T1 and T2 around F. oxysporum hyphae. Volatile metabolites of all isolates reduced the mycelial growth of fusarium pathogen. T1 and T2 isolates and their combination were more effective than other treatments in controlling the disease, such that it reduced disease severity from 20 to 44% and increased the dry weight from 23 to 52%. All treatments showed significant differences with control plants.Keywords: Fusarium rot, lentil, combination, Trichoderma, biocontro

Mites of the genus Anomaloppia Subías (Acari: Oppiidae) from Alborz province, northern Iran, with one new species and a key to the known species

In the course of a faunistic survey on oribatidmites in Alborz province, northern Iran, four species belonging to the genus Anomaloppia were collected: A. iranica, A. mazandaranica, A. differens and a hitherto unknown species which is named as A. alborzi sp. n. The new species is characterized by the rostral setae which are situated close to each other and by long sensilli, with a fusiform head and four long barbs and by smooth notogastral setae. Anomaloppia differens is recorded for the first time from Iran and a supplementary description is provided for this species on the basis of Iranian materials. An identification key to the species of Anomaloppia is given

A new approach in compatibilization of the poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch (PLA/TPS) blends

tIn this study, a new compatibilizer was synthesized to improve the compatibility of the poly(lacticacid)/thermoplastic starch blends. The compatibilizer was based on maleic anhydride grafted poly-ethylene glycol grafted starch (mPEG-g-St), and was characterized using Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and back titration techniques. Theresults indicated successful accomplishment of the designed reactions and formation of a starch coredstructure with many connections to m-PEG chains. To assess the performance of synthesized compati-bilizer, several PLA/TPS blends were prepared using an internal mixer. Consequently, their morphology,dynamic-mechanical behavior, crystallization and mechanical properties were studied. The compatibi-lizer enhanced interfacial adhesion, possibly due to interaction between free end carboxylic acid groupsof compatibilizer and active groups of TPS and PLA phases. In addition, biodegradability of the sampleswas evaluated by various methods consisting of weight loss, FTIR-ATR analysis and morphology. Theresults revealed no considerable effect of compatibilizer on biodegradability of samples

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder:Mismanagement, Misdiagnosis, Chronic Cough Following Sexual Abuse: A Rare Case Report

How to Cite This Article: Bidaki R, Zarepur E, Akrami M, Nadi Sakhvidi M. Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder: Mismanagement, Misdiagnosis, Chronic Cough Following Sexual Abuse; A Rare Case Report. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2016; 10(2):90-92.AbstractObjectiveConversion disorder (CD) is a mental disorder in which patient displays neurological symptoms such as blindness, mutism, paralysis and seizure. It starts when our mind converts our mental stress into a physical symptom. A 15-year-old single white female with chronic cough, which had begun 5 months ago, was brought to our clinic. She had no history of hospitalization. His daily cough was without sputum production or fever, rhinorrhea and stopped during sleep. There was no recent exposure to tobacco smoke or a person with a chronic productive cough. Laboratory tests were normal. She had engaged 4 months ago.Doing sex during engagement is prohibited in her culture but and had anal sex, because of her spouse’s trend. Psychotherapy was done and complete recovery was accomplished. ReferencesFeinstein A. Conversion disorder: advances in our understanding. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne. 2011 May 17;183(8):915-20. PubMed PMID: 21502352. Pubmed Central PMCID: 3091899.Pehlivanturk B, Unal F. Conversion disorder in children and adolescents: a 4-year follow-up study. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2002 Apr;52(4):187-91. PubMed PMID: 11943237.Ozsungur B, Foto-Ozdemir D, Ozusta S, Topcu M, Topaloglu H. Treatment of a severe conversion disorder in a 10-year-old boy: a case study and overview. The Turkish journal of pediatrics. 2012 Jul-Aug;54(4):413-8. PubMed PMID: 23692724.Kozlowska K, Nunn KP, Rose D, Morris A, Ouvrier RA, Varghese J. Conversion disorder in Australian pediatric practice. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;46(1):68-75. PubMed PMID: 17195731.Singh SP, Lee AS. Conversion disorders in Nottingham: alive, but not kicking. Journal of psychosomatic research. 1997 Oct;43(4):425-30. PubMed PMID: 9330242.Haydour Q, Alahdab F, Farah M, Barrionuevo P, Vertigan AE, Newcombe PA, et al. Management and diagnosis of psychogenic cough, habit cough, and tic cough: a systematic review. Chest. 2014 Aug;146(2):355-72. PubMed PMID: 24833061.Mastrovich JD, Greenberger PA. Psychogenic cough in adults: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Allergy and asthma proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies. 2002 Jan-Feb;23(1):27-33. PubMed PMID: 11894731.Sobot V, Ivanovic-Kovacevic S, Markovic J, Misic-Pavkov G, Novovic Z. Role of sexual abuse in development of conversion disorder: case report. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2012 Feb;16(2):276-9. PubMed PMID: 22428482.Amirsalari S, Radfar S, Ajallouyean M, Saburi A, Yousefi J, Noohi S, et al. Prevalence of epileptiform discharges in children with sensori-neural hearing loss and behavioral problems compared to their normal hearing peers. Iranian journal of child neurology. 2014 Spring;8(2):29-33. PubMed PMID: 24949048. Pubmed Central PMCID: 4058062.Voon V, Lang AE. Antidepressant treatment outcomes of psychogenic movement disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2005 Dec;66(12):1529-34. PubMed PMID: 16401153.Tocchio SL. Treatment of conversion disorder. A clinical and holistic approach. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services. 2009 Aug;47(8):42-9. PubMed PMID: 19681521.

4D printing technology in medical engineering: a narrative review

The addition of the time dimension to three-dimensional (3D) printing has introduced four-dimensional (4D) printing technology, which has gained considerable attention in different fields such as medical, art, and engineering. Nowadays, bioscience has introduced some ideas which can be fulfilled by 4D printing. Blending time with variations caused by the situation has many beneficial aspects such as perceptibility and adaptability. Since 4D printing can create a dynamic structure with stimuli-responsive materials, the applications of smart materials, stimulus, and 3D printing are the effective criteria in 4D printing technology. Smart materials with their flexible properties can reshape, recolor, or change function under the effect of the internal or exterior stimuli. Thus, an attractive prospect in the medical field is the integration of the 4D printing approach along with smart materials. This research aims to show the most recent applications of 4D printing technology and smart materials in medical engineering which can show better prospective of 4D printing applications in the future. Also, it describes smart medical implants, tissue engineering, and bioprinting and how they are being used for the 4D printing approach in medical engineering applications. In this regard, a particular emphasis is dedicated to the latest progress in the innovation and development of stimuli-responsive materials that are activated and respond over time to physical, chemical, and biological stimuli and their exploitation through 3D printing methods to fabrication 4D printing smart parts such as intelligent tissue-engineered scaffolds, smart orthopedic implants, and targeted drug delivery systems. On the other hand, major challenges in this technology are explained along with some suggestions for future works to address existing limitations. It is worth noting that despite significant research that has been carried out into 4D printing, it might be more valuable if some investigation is done into 4D bio-printing applications and how this approach will be developed

Pelvic Incidence Angle in Standing, Maximal Anterior and Maximal Posterior Pelvic Rotation in a Sample of Healthy Subjects

This study aimed to investigate the differences in pelvic incidence (PI) between three standing, maximal anterior and maximal posterior pelvic rotation. This cross-sectional study was done on 150 healthy subjects. Lateral spine radiography was taken in 3 different positions in the same standard radiographic protocol. Sacral slope (SS) pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL) and lumbosacral junction angle were measured by two independent, experienced spine surgeons. PI was calculated as sum SS and PT. The mean of PI in standing positions was 52.6±5.1, in anterior position was 52.6±5.5 and in posterior position was 52.3±5.2 degree. The mean of PI, PT, and SS in total and between male and female subjects was not statistically significant in three different positions (P>0.05). PI in 136 subjects (90.7%) is changed when the position was changed from standing to the posterior position, by mean of 2.06 degree. When the position was changed from standing to an anterior position, the change in PI degree was observed in 126 subjects (84%) by mean of 2.12 degree. Despite the none, significant value of PI in three different positions, a large number of subjects with a change in their PI when the position was changed to anterior or posterior (90.1%) position, show that PI can be varied by pelvic rotation in healthy adult subjects

Studies on the effect of Plant spacing and Different Doses Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) under the Open Field Conditions in Kabul, Afghanistan

The investigation into the impact of nitrogen doses and spacing on the growth and yield-related parameters of chili was conducted during the Spring season of 2022 at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Horticulture Science, Kabul University. The study explored the effects of varying nitrogen doses (0 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, 140 kg/ha, and 180 kg/ha) and different spacings (40cm × 45cm, 50cm × 45cm, and 60cm × 45cm) on key parameters including days to fifty percent flowering, number of primary branches, plant height, plant spread, fruit dimensions, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, and days to maturity. In general, an increase in nitrogen dose was associated with higher values for the number of primary branches, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, plant spread, and days to fruit maturity. However, nitrogen doses did not significantly influence fruit traits such as length, width, and average weight. Meanwhile, different spacing had a notable impact on the number of primary branches, plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plot, plant spread, and days to maturity. Wider plant spacing correlated with increased primary branches, fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and per plot, and greater plant spread. Conversely, reduced plant spacing resulted in increased plant height. The interaction between spacing and nitrogen doses significantly affected only the number of branches, with non-significant interaction effects observed for all other yield and yield-related parameters. Increased nitrogen application, particularly at a rate of 180 kg N per hectare, led to improved chili fruit yield. Similarly, wider plant spacing, specifically at 60 cm × 45 cm, demonstrated the highest increase in chili yield

EFFECT OF THE STACKING SEQUENCE ON THE IMPACT RESPONSE OF CARBON-GLASS/EPOXY HYBRID COMPOSITES

This paper investigates low-velocity impact response of Quasi Isotropic (QI) hybrid carbon/glass fiber reinforced polymer composites with alternate stacking sequences. Cross-ply woven carbon and glass fibers were used as reinforcing materials to fabricate sandwiched and interlayer hybrid composites. For comparison, the laminates containing only-carbon and only-glass fibers were also studied. Drop weight test was used to impact the samples. The images captured by a normal camera demonstrated that localized damages (delamination) existed within plies. The hybrid laminates had smaller load drops, smaller maximum deflection, and higher maximum load compared to the single fiber laminates. In addition, carbon outside interlayer hybrid laminate showed the highest maximum load and energy absorption, showing the significant dependence of the impact performance on hybridization and stacking sequence. It was concluded that a hybrid composite would help improve impact performance of laminated composites compared to non-hybrid composites if they are properly designed

Effects of Intravenous Fluid Therapy on Clinical and Biochemical Parameters of Trauma Patients

Introduction: The administration of crystalloid fluids is considered as the first line treatment in management of trauma patients. Infusion of intravenous fluids leads to various changes in hemodynamic, metabolic and coagulation profiles of these patients. The present study attempted to survey some of these changes in patients with mild severity trauma following normal saline infusion. Methods: This study comprised 84 trauma patients with injury of mild severity in Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, during 2010-2011. The coagulation and metabolic values of each patient were measured before and one and six hours after infusion of one liter normal saline. Then, the values of mentioned parameters on one and six hours after infusion were compared with baseline measures using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Eighty four patients included in the present study (76% male). Hemoglobin (Hb) (df: 2; F=32.7; p<0.001), hematocrit (Hct) (df: 2; F=30.7; p<0.001), white blood cells (WBC) (df: 2; F=10.6; p<0.001), and platelet count (df: 2; F=4.5; p=0.01) showed the decreasing pattern following infusion of one liter of normal saline. Coagulation markers were not affected during the time of study (p>0.05). The values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showed statistically significant decreasing pattern (df: 2; F=5.6; p=0.007). Pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) (df: 2; F=6.4; p=0.002), bicarbonate (HCO3) (df: 2; F=7.0; p=0.001), and base excess (BE) (df: 2; F=3.3; p=0.04) values showed a significant deteriorating changes following hydration therapy. Conclusion: It seems that, the infusion of one liter normal saline during one hour will cause a statistically significant decrease in Hb, Hct, WBC, platelet, BUN, BE, HCO3, and PCO2 in trauma patients with mild severity of injury and stable condition. The changes in, coagulation profiles, pH, PvO2, and electrolytes were not statistically remarkable.