Evaluation the Performance of Sine Cosine Algorithm in Solving Pressure Vessel Engineering Design Problem

The Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) is one of the population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithms inspired by the oscillation and convergence properties of sine and cosine functions. The SCA smoothly transits from exploration to exploitation using adaptive range change in the sine and cosine functions. On the other hand, pressure vessel design is a complex engineering structural optimization problem, which aims to find the best possible design for a vessel that can withstand high pressure. This typically involves optimizing the material, shape, and thickness of the vessel to minimize welding, the material, and forming cost while ensuring it meets safety and performance requirements. This paper evaluates the performance of SCA for solving pressure vessel design problems. The result produced by SCA is compared with the results obtained by other well-known metaheuristic optimization algorithms, namely; ABC, ACO, BBO, CMA-ES, CS, DE, GA, GSA, GWO, HSA, PSO, SSO, TLBO and TSA. The experimental results demonstrated that SCA provides a competitive solution to other metaheuristic optimization algorithms with the advantage of having a simple structured search equation. Moreover, the performance of SCA is checked by different numbers of populations and the results indicated that the best possible population size should be 30 and 40. In addition to this, the SCA search agent success rate is checked for different numbers of populations and results show that the search agent success rate do not exceed 4.2%

New Insights on N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Under Combinatorial Molecular Docking and MD Simulation Studies Using Natural Bioactive Compounds Against Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases pose a significant challenge, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is reported to play a critical role in the central nervous system and has emerged as a potential target for drug discovery. This study explored the potential scope of natural bioactive compounds as ligands for the NMDA receptor using current advances of docking studies with molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. An extensive virtual screening of 500 natural compounds were executed based on wide scientific literature and bibliography search. Docking simulations identified promising candidates with favorable binding affinities, with the top compounds - DL-Alanosine, and Zeinoxanthin (PubChem CIDs 153353 and 5281234) exhibiting exceptionally high docking scores of -6.6 and -6.4, against NMDA respectively. Further, MD simulations suggested the stability of the top-scoring compounds in complex with the NMDA receptor. These findings will provide a new insights to researchers and scientists on proceeding with new alternatives on the investigation of natural bioactive compounds as therapeutic lead candidates for targeting various receptors like NMDA in neurodegenerative diseases. However, in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate these results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action

Assessment of Informal Settlement in Central Kandahar: A Case Study of Area Within Four Historic Gateways

Afghanistan\u27s post-war recovery, commencing in 2001 following the cessation of hostilities, precipitated rapid urbanization, notably witnessed by a substantial proliferation of informal settlements, primarily concentrated in Kandahar Province. This phenomenon, exacerbated by significant rural-to-urban migration and population expansion, has emphasized the imperative for exhaustive research aimed at comprehensively understanding its definitions, associated types and potential impacts of informal settlement. The proliferation of informal settlements in Kandahar\u27s historic gateways presents a complex challenge necessitating meticulous and nuanced analysis. The research endeavors to undertake a comprehensive exploration of the definitional constructs of informal settlements, encompassing diverse typologies and their ramifications on urban settings. Central to this endeavor are key objectives aimed at scrutinizing squatter settlements, discerning their typologies, including Spontaneous Sheltering, Homeless Encampments, Nomadic Tents, Refugee Camps, Carts and Wagons, Squatter Settlements, Slums, Self-Help Housing, Shantytowns, Informal Subdivisions and Tenement Housing. Furthermore, the research aims to assess the effects associated with informal supplementary settlements, which encompass a broad spectrum of socioeconomic and environmental ramifications, such as Overcrowding, Poor Living Conditions, High Levels of Poverty, Limited Basic Services, Social Marginalization, Health Risks, Inadequate Sanitation Facilities and Vulnerability. Employing a mixed-methods approach integrating field observations, surveys, Case Studies and literature review, the research seeks to comprehensively understand the complexities of informal settlement dynamics, thus providing insights for informed policy formulation and interventions in urban planning

Investigation of Geographical Factors of National Power

National power as a geopolitical concept reflects a characteristic and collective trait of the people of a nation and at the same time, it is manifested as an individual trait in relation to a country and a government. When power is viewed in the form of a society or a nation, its general and overall power appears from the outcome of that society\u27s abilities. In political geography, which examines the role of geographical environment factors in the power of nations, The role of each country in the national power does not depend only on the thoughts and opinions of the rulers of that government, but there are factors that increase or decrease the national power. To identify and measure the national power of a country, you cannot rely on one element alone; Rather, national power has various origins and principles that produce national power in a collective function. In other words, the main factors shaping the national power of countries are located in different fields. One of the main areas influencing national power is geographical factors. Therefore, geography has a special importance in examining and analyzing the national power of a country. While providing a detailed description of the geographical factors of national power, this article seeks to answer the question, which geographical factors are effective in the national power of countries, based on reliable library sources? The results of this research show the value of the geopolitical position, the size, shape, nature of the borders, and the structure of the land or unevenness in the national power of the countries

Review of the Clinical Types of Dermatophytes

Fungi known as dermatophytes require keratin in order to develop. "Ringworm" is the common term for superficial fungus infections that affect the skin\u27s keratinized layers and its limbs in both humans and animals. These fungi have the potential to superficially infect nails, hair, and skin. Ringworm fungi have the ability to penetrate all layers of skin. Dermatophytes can be transmitted directly by people (anthropophilic organisms), indirectly by fomites, and by animals (zoophilic organisms), soil (geophilic organisms), and other people. Dermatophytes are the cause of the medical condition known as dermatophytosis. Approximately 25% of the global population suffers from dermatophytosis, and no human population is immune to these mycotic disorders. There are three genera in total. the more than twenty species of dermatophytes: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. By providing reliable epidemiological data, it is imperative that we expand broaden public knowledge of the importance of these illnesses and deepen our understanding of fungal biology and pathology. Ecological classifications, clinical potential for pathogenicity manifestations, and "chemical and natural" dermatophytosis therapy alternatives are some of the review themes

Nano ℏ_α - open set in Nano Topological Spaces

The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce a new classification of Nano open sets, specifically Nano - open set. Some results have been established regarding the characterization of these newly generalized sets that serve as the foundation for the definition of Nano continuous mappings. In addition, the concept of Nano-open mappings, continuous functions, and Nano- homeomorphism has been proposed. The investigation of properties related to these functions has yielded some remarks that have been supported by examples

Bladder Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

Background: Bladder adenocarcinoma (AC) is a rare histological variant and research on the best ways to treat it is scant. Clinical Case: We present the case of a 70-year-old woman who has had hematuria for the past month with no history of serious illness. She visited a urologist, who performed a cystoscopy on her as a result. A urinary bladder adenocarcinoma was discovered in a biopsy. Complete investigations revealed no metastasis. The patient was considered for a partial cystectomy, according to the results of the MRI. She underwent the surgery, which was followed by concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. She underwent multiple reevaluations, and her case was stable after about a year of follow-up. Conclusions: With the best surgical outcomes, the choice to perform a partial cystectomy was appropriate given the tumor\u27s location. However, a lengthy follow-up is required

Investigation of Optimum Dose of Gamma Irradiation and Ems (Single and Combination Treatments) to Induce Mutation in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Wild Cultivar

In induced mutation breeding program, it is necessary to find the optimum dose for inducing mutation. Effective dose is vary plant to plant depends on size of seeds. There is inverse relation size of seeds and concentration of mutagen. Parameter of consideration of optimum dose for mutagenesis is germination around 50 % of seeds after mutagenesis is indication of successive mutagenesis. In this mutagenesis investigation 50% seed germination is observed in treatment of gamma irradiation 300 Gy and EMS 0.3 %. Another great decrease in seed germination of 80 % is observed in combination treatments 300 Gy + 0.3 and 400 Gy + 0.3 %

Variation of Chlorophyll Content Among the Different Tulsi Species Found in Nuapada District, Odisha

The Tulsi plant, also known as Holy Basil, is a sacred herb in Hinduism and is revered for its medicinal properties as well. It belongs to the Lamiaceae (mint) family and is native to the Indian subcontinent. Tulsi is widely cultivated and is found in many Hindu households where it is worshipped daily. In this work there was an attempt to made to find out chlorophyll content of different Tulsi species found in Nuapada district, Odisha. In this work we were compare chlorophyll pigment of 4 different species of tulsi of Nuapda such as Ocimum tenuiflorum (black tulshi), Ocimum sanctum (green tulshi), Ocimum basilcum (dohna) and Ocimum gratissuma (van tulshi). Among them maximum total chlorophyll content found in Ocimum tenuifflorum And list in Ocimum sanctum. The chlorophyll a found maximum in Ocimum basilcum. And minimum in Ocimum gratissuma.The chlorophyll b found maximum in Ocimum basilcum and minimum in Ocimum tenuiflorum. The total chlorophyll found Ocimum gratissum and minimum in Ocimum sanctum. Such type of work provides us data regarding distribution of chlorophyll in different species of a genera

Article Review: Effect of Electronic Cigarette on Fertility in Male

Numerous researches have shown that blood plasma, sperm parameters, or a host of other fertility-related characteristics are adversely affected by the components of cigarette smoking. However, it\u27s unclear how smoking really affects fertility in men. Depending on the well-established scientific observation that smoking enhances the amount of radical oxide organisms, which in turn causes oxidative stress (OS), smoking has an influence on the sperm variables. Men are affected by OS as it damages seminal characteristics including survival that appearance as well as inhibits sperm functioning. Still, not every research has reached identical findings. This research evaluates the influence of tobacco use via non-smoking methods on male infertility on clarifies the contentious relationship among smoking on fertility in men. Additionally, it explores the therapeutic consequences of the evidence—which includes recently discovered genomic or regulatory data—that tie smoking to male infertility