The saffron plant's generative corm generation and stigma yield are influenced by planting methods and corm depths

Planting methods and corm depth may damage the underground corms of saffron during the dormant period in heavy rainfall areas. Consideration of proper planting methods and corm depth will lead to a higher yield of saffron. This research was conducted for two successive seasons (2020 - 2021 and 2021 - 2022) to study the influence of planting method and corm depth on the dry stigma and generative corm yield of saffron. The experiment was a factorial combination of two planting methods (ridge and flat) and three corm depths (10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm), laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results revealed that dry sigma yield (DSY) and generative corm yield (GCY) were significantly influenced by the main and interaction effects of planting method and corm depth. In flat cultivation, both DSY and GCY were considerably higher than the ridge method in both years. In the case of corm depth, 15 cm and 20 cm produced the highest DSY. The interaction effects showed that the flat method in 15cm corm depth produced more DSY and GCY. Moreover, a strong positive correlation was obtained among the days to flowering (DTF) and flowering interval days (FID) first year, the number of flowers (NF) and DSY in both years and among the DSY and the number of generative corms (> 8 g). Hence, the flat method and 15 cm corm depth are recommended for optimum yield in the study area

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

نفغانستاا رد نیوندبی ا یریخنگارتا رد تیاآغاز و بد ی هلمسا :یرد یه راوهگ

International audienceیا ،دحاو یمرکز تقدر کیادبیات فارسی در درازنای تاریخ در سرزمین پرپهنایی آفریده شده که هیچگاه به :کیده چ سنت نیااما، در سایه بینشی ملی گرایانه، تعریفی که ،نیونوزگار رده است. در وبنبا مرزهای مشخص، محدود یرکشو و افغانستان، با ناسیاسی در جغرافیای معینی به دست دهد، سامان پذیرفته است. در ایر یرحدود و ثغو ارادبی گسترده فرهنگی ییااستای دیدگاه ملی گررنان بنیادی در وچ مهو شهپژو عموضو نابه عنو مه ارسازه هایی که ادبیات رظهو تا دنابوده نبیشتر در پی آ نادار بوده است. ادبای اهل ایرروخبر یی هزد، تاریخ ادبیات فارسی از اهمیت ویژرنگاه می و یکسره ارگان ادبیات فارسی رجلوه دهند و بز ناگی سنت ادبی در سرزمین ایرراز شکوه و بز یینمایه ارپیشینه ادب فارسی د در شگوفایی فرهنگ فارسیوختا بر مرکزیت سرزمین دنااهل افغانستان، اما، پیوسته کوشیده نابخوانند. پژوهشگر ینایرا آنچه در بالا آمده است، نگاهی .دنفرهنگ پندار نیا یلصاشگاه رزادگاه و پرو ارو افغانستان دنزرتاکید و )یو فارسی در در زمینه اروبل ژ یارآ هتشبن نیاوبل. ژتاریخ ادبیات افغانستان اثر زنده یاد محمد حیدر شزرااست بر کتاب اثرگذار و باهای زبانشناسی تاریخی و تبارشناسی لغات به تحلیل می گیرد.Persian literatury has historically remained borderless, transcending any single polity or nationstate. In the modern period, however, nationalist reconfigurations of this literary tradition tend to ascribe to it a territorially bounded definition. Concurrent with the emergence of Persian as a scholarly discipline and a national institution in Iran and Afghanistan, Persian literary historiography has become a significant ground for contention and contestation. While Iranian scholars consider Persian literary history to epitomize the splendor of Iranian cultural heritage, Afghan scholars, in contrast, are keen to point out that the territory that constitutes Afghanistan can best claim to represent the “original” home of Persian literary efflorescence, the ground where Persian literary production emerged, developed, and came to full fruition. This paper offers a critical perspective on M. H. Zhubal’s Tarikh-i Adabiyat-i Afghanistan, a seminal and influential text of literary historical inquiry and philological investigation.La littérature persane est historiquement demeurée sans frontières, transcendant toute forme d’entité politique ou d’État‑nation. Cependant, à l’époque moderne, les reconfigurations nationalistes de cette tradition littéraire tendent à lui attribuer une définition territorialement limitée. Parallèlement à l’émergence du persan en tant que discipline académique et institution nationale en Iran et en Afghanistan, l’historiographie littéraire persane est devenue un terrain important de controverse et de contestation. Alors que les chercheurs iraniens considèrent l’histoire littéraire persane comme l’incarnation même de la splendeur du patrimoine culturel iranien, les chercheurs afghans, en revanche, tiennent à souligner que le territoire qui constitue l’Afghanistan peut le mieux prétendre représenter le foyer « originel » de l’efflorescence littéraire persane, le terrain où la production littéraire persane est née, a évolué et a pleinement porté ses fruits. Cet article offre une perspective critique sur Tarikh-i Adabiyat-i Afghanistan de M. H. Zhubal, texte fondamental et influent sur la recherche historique littéraire et philologique

AI Strategies for Quality Systems : A Guide to AI solutions

Denna studie utforskar möjligheterna att integrera Artificiell Intelligens (AI) i AstraZenecas Sweden Operations kvalitetssystem för att effektivisera processer och beslutsfattande. Genom en litteraturgenomgång analyseras hur AI kan automatisera uppgifter, förutsäga avvikelser och optimera kvalitetsledningssystem. Specifika områden inom AstraZenecas kvalitetssystem identifieras som potentiella mottagare av AI-implementering. Studien lyfter fram fördelarna men pekar också på utmaningar som datatillförlitlighet, säkerhet och etiska överväganden. Föreslagna strategier för att övervinna dessa utmaningar inkluderar investeringar i robusta säkerhetsåtgärder, etablering av tydliga etiska riktlinjer och löpande användarutbildning. Studien har också använt intervjuer och observationer med processägare inom AstraZenecas kvalitetssystem för att säkerställa ett omfattande resultat. Genom att samla in insikter och perspektiv från dem som är direkt involverade i kvalitetsprocesser, ger studien en djupare förståelse för både utmaningar och möjligheter med AI-integrationen. Denna metod stärker studiens trovärdighet och användbarhet av slutsatser och rekommendationer. Sammanfattningsvis lovar en framgångsrik AI-implementering att förbättra effektiviteten i AstraZenecas kvalitetssystem i Sverige. Ansvarsfull integrering av AI-teknologier har potential att höja kvalitetsstandarder, förbättra beslutsfattande processer och främja innovation, vilket positionerar AstraZeneca som en föregångare inom farmaceutisk excellens och framsteg.This project investigates the potential integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into AstraZeneca's Sweden Operation quality system to streamline processes and decision-making. Drawing from a review of relevant literature, the analysis examines how AI can automate tasks, predict deviations, and optimize quality management processes. Specific areas within AstraZeneca's quality system are identified as potential beneficiaries of AI implementation. While acknowledging the benefits, the study also highlights challenges such as data integrity, security, and ethical considerations. Proposed strategies for overcoming these challenges include investment in robust security measures, establishment of clear ethical guidelines, and ongoing user education. Additionally, this study has utilized interviews and observations with process owners within the quality system at AstraZeneca to ensure a comprehensive result. By gathering insights and perspectives from those directly involved in quality processes, the study provides a deeper understanding of both challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of AI. This approach strengthens the credibility and usability of the study's conclusions and recommendations. In conclusion, successful AI implementation holds the promise of enhancing AstraZeneca's Sweden Operation quality system’s efficiency. Responsible integration of AI technologies has the potential to elevate quality standards, improve decision-making processes, and foster innovation, positioning AstraZeneca as a frontrunner in pharmaceutical excellence and advancement