Unravelling the roles of Shiga toxin and Shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages in Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonisation of the bovine intestine

Shiga toxin (Stx) is a bacteriophage (phage)-encoded virulence factor of the Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 implicated in the pathogenesis of renal tissue damage and bloody diarrhoea in human. Cattle are the main asymptomatic reservoir for EHEC O157:H7 with the lymphoid-follicle rich areas of the terminal rectum identified as the primary colonisation site. However, the significance of Stx during bovine intestinal colonisation by EHEC O157:H7 remains unclear with mixed findings described in published studies. The objective of this study was to investigate if Stx and the Stx-encoding phage significantly contribute to EHEC O157:H7 colonisation particularly at the bovine terminal rectum. The expression of Stx receptor, Globotrioasylceramide (Gb3) at the bovine terminal rectum was analysed by fluorescence microscopy, revealing a similar pattern of Gb3 detection in the bovine colon with scattered positive detections limited to sub-epithelial, mesenchymal-associated cells. Purified Stx2 treatment of Gb3+ and Gb3- epithelial cell lines for 6 to 18 hours produced no effect on the cell cycle and proliferation. CD3+/CD8+, CD3+/γδ+ and CD21+ cells were significantly different between calves infected with EHEC O157:H7 Strain 9000 (Stx2a+/Stx2c+) and the uninfected calves, but not in calves with Strain 10671 (Stx2c+). Stx did not interfere with IFN-gamma (IFN-γ)-activation of the JAK/STAT1 pathway in epithelial cells. Bovine EHEC O157:H7 strains isolated from Scottish cattle farms in the IPRAVE study (Phage type 21/28 and 32) were used for a series of bacterial phenotypic characterisation assays. Total Stx production, Verocytotoxicity, growth in a competitive environment, epithelial cell adherence and Galleria mellonella virulence assay were performed to compare the IPRAVE EHEC O157:H7 strains (PT21/28 and PT32) and the isogenic Stx-phage mutants. Stx levels produced by the bovine-originated EHEC O157:H7 strains were significantly lower than that of the human isolated strains. The absence of Gb3 on the bovine terminal rectal epithelium, the non-significant changes in the cell cycle along with the uninterrupted IFN-γ activation of the JAK/STAT1 pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and the minute quantities of Stx generated by EHEC O157:H7 bovine strains suggest that the toxin is not involved in colonisation directly, at least at the intestinal epithelial level. Although future work is required to explain the mechanisms underlying the observed EHEC O157:H7 phenotypic changes particularly in the Stx-phage mutant strains, the work done has proven that the Stx-encoding phage indeed has the ability to exert changes in the bacterial cell leading to changes in bacterial phenotypes, which in turn, might affect the colonisation of the bovine intestine

Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Protein Bioaktif Dari Spons Callyspongia sp. Sebagai Zat Antioksidan

Callyspongia sp. sponge is one of marine animals which is widely spread in Barang Lompo island, South Sulawesi. Sponge is interisting to study the bioactivity of the protein fraction. The proteins were isolated using buffer Tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane. Crude extract was fractionated by addition of ammonium sulfate at saturation levels 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60% and 60-8-%. Protein purification was done by dialysis using cellophane bags. Protein content determinated by Lowry method. Highest amount of protein present in 60-80% fraction of 290,4 mg. Testing antioxidant activity using DPPH method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry observed its absorbance at ?? = 500 nm. Strong antioxidant activity present in protein fractions 0-20% saturation with IC50 of 61,62 ??g/mL. While a very powerful antioxidant activity shown by the protein fractions 20-40%, 40-60%, and 60-80% saturation with respective IC50 values of 28,76 ??g/mL, 13,90 ??g/mL and 35,66 ??g/mL. Result of the study showed each protein fraction differences antioxidant activity that can prevent the oxidation process

THE DEVELOPMENT OF RADICAL ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ANTI-RADICALISM EDUCATION AT THE HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL IN INDONESIA

Radicalism is a challenge and concern for the world, including the Muslim community in Indonesia. The radicalism movement is evidenced by the existence of violence in achieving its goals in political, religious, social, educational, and economic matters. In the world of education in Indonesia, violence, and intimidation still often occurs so that anti-radicalism education is needed which can be realized through the teaching process, especially at the high school level. Anti-radicalism education requires humans to respect each other's differences and make peace according to the Al-Quran and Hadith guidelines which are integrated through education. For this reason, the analysis in this article is descriptive qualitative with an approach using the library method which aims to understand the history of the development of the Islamic radicalism movement and Islamic solutions to overcome the problems of religious radicalism and terrorism by implementing anti-radicalism education. Besides, this article will describe some of the terminology and examples of the influence of the Islamic radical movement at the senior high school. In Indonesia, the emergence of Islamic radicalism is based on three factors, namely developments at the global level, namely the radical group from the Middle Eastern. Second, the widespread of Wahhabi has led to conflict. And the third is poverty. The field of education also has an impact on Islamic radicalism, which can be from teachers to students, the influence of technological sophistication, the influence of Wahhabi understanding, poverty, even the materials in student worksheets and books also contain many radical values. Therefore, anti-radicalism education is very important because it can require the younger generation to respect differences, humans who love compassion, and humans who hate doing damage. Efforts to overcome radicalism at high school levels can be done with character educatio

Peran Komunikasi Orang Tua dalam Penanganan Kecanduan Gadget pada Anak Usia Dini

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegiatan anak-anak usia dini, kendala-kendalanya, dan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut dalam rangka penanganan kecanduan gadget pada anak usia dini di desa Sumber Mulya (unit 5), Pelepat Ilir, Bungo. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan metode yang digunakan, ialah: metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk dua kegiatan, yaitu: (1) Sosialiasasi terhadap orang tua murid, serta diskusi mengenai permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peserta didik, dan strategi dalam mengatasinya. (2) Kendala orang tua dalam mencegah kecanduan gadget pada anak usia dini di desa Sumber Mulya (unit 5), Pelepat Ilir, Bungo. Dengan hasil penelitian, antara lain ialah: kurangnya perhatian dan kurangnya rasa kepedulian sehingga hadirnya peran orang tua dapat mengatasi kecanduan gadget dengan menerapkan disiplin asertif, dengan membangun komitmen untuk menjaga komunikasi yang baik dengan anak-anak. Interaksi yang kurang antara ibu dan anak memiliki efek negatif pada kecanduan gadget anak. Dan setelah dilakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat juga mengatakan bahwa sebagian siswa sudah jarang menggunakan gadget berlebihan, dan diganti dengan membaca buku dirumahnya masing-masing

ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS RESPONSES TO ONLINE LEARNING USING UNIFIED THEORY OF ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY MODEL

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggapan 239 siswa dan 847 mahasiswa terhadap proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring selama COVID-19 menggunakan Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menganalisis hasil angket yang telah disebar secara online, dimana angket sebanyak 17 indikator/pertanyaan dengan skala Likert 4 option. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji regresi. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa tanggapan siswa dan mahasiswa dari segi kinerja, usaha, dan faktor sosial terhadap minat belajar secara daring sebesar 44,9% yang berarti sedang, sedangkan dari segi kondisi fasilitas dan minat terhadap upaya menerapkan pembelajaran daring sebesar 37% yang berarti rendah. Oleh sebab itu, melalui pembelajaran daring seharusnya guru ataupun dosen lebih efektif menggunakan e-learning yang memuat materi lebih komplek sebagai sarana dan sumber belajar yang optimal bagi siswa ataupun mahasiswa.Abstract:  This study aims to analyze students' responses to the process of implementing online learning during COVID-19 using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. This research is a quantitative research by analyzing the results of polls that have been distributed online, where the questionnaire as many as 17 indicators / questions with a scale Likert 4 options. The data analysis used is a regression test. The results of the data analysis showed that the response of students and students in terms of performance, effort, and social factors to online learning interest by 44.9% which means moderate, while in terms of facilities and interest in efforts to implement online learning by 37% which means low. Therefore, through online learning, teachers or lecturers should be more effective in using e-learning that contains more complex materials as optimal means and learning resources for students

Sharia financial in cross civilization and humanity: a study of alternative solutions to the economy

This article aims to identify views on usury in various perspectives and identify problems with usury and identify solutions. Usury in various perspectives is a cause of problems in the economy, which also refers to humanitarian issues globally. Learning about solutions to eliminate usury in the economy is a study that is developing, so that this is part of the development of civilization towards an economy that is growing and developing. Islamic economics and finance is a solution to build a humanitarian and civilized economy

Encyclopedia based material for science course to improve communication ability of Ibtidaiyah Madrasah students

This study aims to produce encyclopedia-based science teaching materials, describe attractiveness, and explain the level of effectiveness of teaching materials that have been developed to improve communication skills of students of Islamic Elementary Schools (MI). The development model uses the ADDIE Model. The results of validation of material experts, design experts, and learning experts, teaching materials that have been developed have very valid criteria of 96%. The percentage of attractiveness of teaching materials is 91.63% with a very interesting category. The results of the pre-test and post-test conducted to obtain information about student communication skills obtained significant values, with an average difference of 20.28, and the results of the t-test analysis showed that t-count> t-table

Word formation of new terms in adobe photoshop program: implication for the teaching English vocabulary

The development of technology may impact educational field. Research on technology and language learning shows that technology may provide some opportunities for students to get an easy access in information, integrated learning, and easy way to practice what they learn. The language created in the computer program can be used as a communication tool for its application, including in teaching English. Nowadays, using computer can support language learning. Regarding this point, this study aims to analyze new terms found in Adobe Photoshop Program. Further, the researchers also described morphological processes of the new terms in Adobe Photoshop program in teaching English vocabulary. While, the design of this research is descriptive qualitative design. The result shows compound and derived words can be classified as new terms in Adobe Photoshop CS4. Related to teaching vocabulary, the results show that teaching English vocabulary through word formation found in new terms in Adobe Photoshop Program may give an impact on students’ vocabulary development

PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DENGAN PROGRAM DESA TINGGALKAN STUNTING (DESTINTING) DI DESA JEMBAYAN DALAM

The chronic nutritional problems that occur in toddlers with shorter height characteristics compared to children at their age have called stunting. If children who have stunting in their toddler, then the children have a high risk of getting degenerative diseases as an adult. The purpose of this community empowerment activity is to increase community knowledge about the dangers of stunting so that each family has its cadres. This method of community empowerment used counseling and cadre training and observation sheets, namely pre-test and post-test for questionnaires. Observation sheets that have collected used T-Test for statistic tests. The results of this activity show a pre-test value of 21.67 and Post-Test of 30.71 with a significant increase of 9.04%. There is an increase in community and cadre knowledge after being given counseling. Destination cadre (Village of Leave Stunting) has formed as an effort to monitor the development and growth of Infants. The staff can carry out a Follow-Up plan that is made and has been approved by the head of the village of Jembayan Dalam

INTERFERENSI BAHASA MELAYU PONTIANAK TERHADAP BAHASA INDONESIA PADA NAMA-NAMA KELURAHAN DI KOTA PONTIANAK

AbstractThis research aims to describe the forms of interference that found in the names of villages in Pontianak and explain the factors that influence the occurrence of interference in the names of villages in Pontianak. The results in the form of interference can be juxtaposed through the implications in Indonesian Language Learning for SMA X grade 2 semester 2 of 2013 curriculum with basic competency (KD) 3.13 Analyzing the debate on issues, points of view and arguments of several parties and conclusions 4.13 Developing problems / issues from various points of view that are complemented argument in arguing.In the method and technique of providing data using the method of observation that is collecting data by observing objects. Methods and data analysis techniques use the method of matching and the method of agitation, and the method of presenting data analysis using formal methods such as symbols.Based on the results of the data analysis that found 22 names of villages in Pontianak experienced the interference. There are three forms of interference, namely phonological interference, elemental interference and factors that cause interference. So this research can be concluded that interference occurs at the level of community mastery in Indonesian language which relatively low and Pontianak Malay language is still very strong in both language and speech.Keywords: Interference, Pontianak Malay Language, Indonesian Language, Village Name