PERAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN BELA NEGARA GENERASI Z

Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran media sosial dalam meningkatkan kesadaran bela negara di kalangan generasi Z, yaitu kelompok usia yang tumbuh di era digital. Permasalahan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pemahaman tentang bagaimana media sosial dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyebarkan nilai-nilai kebangsaan, sekaligus mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi dalam proses tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran media sosial dalam meningkatkan kesadaran bela negara di kalangan generasi Z dan mengetahui tantangan yang dihadapi serta solusi yang dapat dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, yaitu dengan menganalisis berbagai sumber pustaka yang terkait dengan media sosial, kesadaran bela negara, dan generasi Z. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media sosial memiliki potensi yang besar untuk menyebarluaskan informasi tentang nilai-nilai kebangsaan, namun terdapat tantangan yang cukup signifikan, seperti disinformasi, polarisasi pandangan, dan perilaku trolling. Selain itu, banyaknya pilihan platform dan sifat konten yang bersifat sementara juga menjadi kendala dalam membangun kesadaran bela negara. Untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut, disarankan untuk meningkatkan literasi media, berkolaborasi dengan influencer, dan mengembangkan konten edukasi yang menarik. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang bagaimana media sosial dapat digunakan secara efektif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran bela negara di kalangan generasi Z, serta pentingnya strategi yang terencana dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang ada. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan untuk mengembangkan program yang bertujuan membangun kesadaran bela negara di era digital.

Application of First Law of Thermodynamics in Merpati Putih Martial Art Practice to Develop Human’s Inner Energy

Merpati Putih is one of Indonesian traditional martial art that had been practiced since the New Mataram Kingdom but still being exist at the present. It activates inner energy based on calmness. Inner energy is a living energy from human’s cell that can be developed by anaerobic-hypoxic or breathing practice regularly. This research aims to discuss about application of First Law of Thermodynamics in Merpati Putih regular practice empirically. The applied method was based on the researchers’ own experiences as member of Merpati Putih’s practice group (Kelompok Latihan/Kolat) combined with descriptive qualitative method by observing existing researches and also mathematic calculations use First Law of Thermodynamics formulas to identify value of potential energy that can be developed by Merpati Putih regular practice. Result of the research is 50 kilograms human who practice regularly would have potential energy that can break 238 aerated concrete blocks (Hebel)

GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES IN OPTIMIZING THE PROVISION OF OIL ENERGY BUFFER RESERVES FOR NATIONAL ENERGY RESILIENCE

The use of oil energy as fuel for vehicles is still widely practiced by the Indonesian public. Even today, Indonesia lacks strategic reserves for oil energy needs. Without such reserves, Indonesia is vulnerable to potential oil crises. Therefore, the author has written a paper focused on strategies to optimize the provision of oil energy reserves. This paper employs a literature review method, where the author examines various journals and articles related to the research theme. The research concludes that the fuel consumption diversification program in the transportation sector using electricity could save up to 1.5 million barrels of oil or approximately 116,610,000 dollars per day. Additionally, the development of oil refineries could save the nation up to 1,220,668,209 dollars per transaction from self-processing oil services, and digitalization of fuel dispensing could help manage fuel distribution more effectively

Stability Analysis of Mathematical Models of Corrupt Behavior with Death Penalty Sanction

Indonesia is one of the countries with a fairly good economy. Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves reached US$146.383,75 million (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2024). This amount should help improve the welfare of its people. However, the facts that corruption harms the state budget so that people's welfare cannot be fulfilled. As of 2023, Indonesia has lost at least Rp28.412.786.978.089 in 791 cases involving 1.695 suspects (Indonesia Corruption Watch, 2024). The actions of these corruptors do not provide a significant deterrent effect even though the prison sentence has been served. For this reason, it is necessary to impose the death penalty which is expected to prevent corruption crimes from occurring in Indonesia. In the mathematical model of corruption proposed by Ahmed, Kamal, Hossain (2025), there are 3 populations: S, C and H. In this study, the stability analysis of the mathematical model was carried out with the modification of the imposition of the death penalty for the C population. The goal is none other than to minimize and eliminate the corrupt population in Indonesia. The results showed that there were 2 critical point conditions: (S1, C1, H1) and (S*, C*, H*). This condition interprets that with the death penalty, the population of C and H will be doesn’t exist. However, if the population of C and H still exists, it needs to be re-optimized so that it does not increase

National Cyber Defense: Analysis of Incident Severity Factors Using a Decision Tree

Cybersecurity became Indonesia’s national defense priority after the April 2024 ransomware attack on critical infrastructure exposed systemic vulnerabilities. Despite BSSN’s establishment, inter-agency coordination remains fragmented, and response delays persist. This study aims to identify the key determinants of cyber-incident severity and propose data-driven policy recommendations. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied to all 77 incidents recorded by BSSN from January to September 2024 a period chosen because it follows new regulatory measures introduced at the start of 2024 and includes multiple high-profile events. BSSN data were cross-referenced with Kominfo and Id-SIRTII logs (revealing an 8 percent discrepancy) to enhance validity. Preprocessing involved removing non-contributory fields, grouping by attack type, sector, and severity, converting categorical variables (Incident Type, Sector, Origin, Mitigation Measures, Response Time, Status) into factors, and stratified splitting into 80 percent training and 20 percent testing subsets. A decision tree model in RStudio (pruned with cp = 0.05) yielded 93.75 percent accuracy, validated by 10-fold cross-validation (mean accuracy 92.5 percent, SD 2.1 percent). Results show Incident Type as the strongest predictor of severity, followed by Mitigation Measures and Response Time. Attacks responded to within 24 hours seldom exceed medium severity, whereas delays over 48 hours, especially for exploits, Trojans, and malware, almost always result in critical outcomes. Additionally, incidents from the United States and Singapore disproportionately target underdeveloped infrastructure and governance sectors, increasing severity. To bolster Indonesia’s cybersecurity resilience, recommendations include: expanding secure, evenly distributed digital infrastructure; establishing and reinforcing provincial CSIRTs; enforcing uniform audit and certification standards; and integrating digital literacy into education. Ultimately, deepening ASEAN CERT integration through synchronized incident classification and real-time threat attribution will bridge national and regional defense gaps, thereby enhancing cross-border response capabilitie

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOMALIA’S FOREIGN POLICY WITH CHINA MILITARY INVOLVEMENT IN FACING THE PIRACY (2008-2024) CASE STUDY: GULF OF ADEN AND SOMALIA SEA

Somalia, with its strategic location in the Horn of Africa and extensive coastline, faces persistent challenges of piracy despite its potential as a regional maritime hub. The collapse of Somalia's government in 1991 created a power vacuum that fueled piracy, adversely affecting international trade and regional stability. This study examines the implementation of Somalia’s foreign policy with China's military involvement to combat piracy in the Gulf of Aden and Somali Sea from 2008 to 2024. Using a case study approach, it analyzes domestic and international factors influencing policy decisions, including Somalia's internal instability, economic collapse, and regional maritime dynamics. China's role, through its People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), highlights a strategic partnership focused on protecting key maritime routes and enhancing Somalia’s maritime security. Over 15 years, PLAN operations have evolved from protection-focused missions to joint patrols and multilateral exercises, significantly reducing piracy incidents. The collaboration has also supported Somalia's economic growth and regional stability, aligning with China's Belt and Road Initiative objectives. Despite these successes, the resurgence of piracy in 2024 underscores ongoing challenges, necessitating sustained international cooperation and adaptive strategies. This research concludes that Somalia's foreign policy, leveraging China's military and economic aid, demonstrates a pragmatic approach to safeguarding national interests and fostering regional stability. It highlights the interplay of internal vulnerabilities and global geopolitical strategies in addressing complex security issues, offering insights into the role of military diplomacy in international relations

IDENTIFIKASI DAN PETA POTENSI RISIKO DALAM PROSES PREPARASI, INTEGRASI, DAN PENGUJIAN ROKET R-HAN 122B DI INSTITUSI X DENGAN PENDEKATAN HIRADC DALAM RANGKA MENJAGA SUMBER DAYA NASIONAL

Pertahanan negara menuntut penguasaan teknologi strategis, termasuk sistem peroketan, untuk menjamin kedaulatan dan keselamatan nasional. Roket R-HAN 122B saat ini berada pada tingkat kesiapan teknologi (TRL) 8 dan membutuhkan validasi menuju TRL 9 melalui uji operasional yang aman. Dalam konteks ini, penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya, menilai tingkat risiko, serta memetakan persebaran risiko pada proses preparasi, integrasi, dan pengujian roket R-HAN 122B di Institusi X. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determining Control (HIRADC). Identifikasi dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan dan kajian literatur, kemudian risiko dianalisis berdasarkan kombinasi likelihood dan severity. Untuk memvisualisasikan sebaran bahaya, digunakan perangkat lunak Golden Surfer dan UTM Geo Map sehingga risiko dapat dipetakan dalam bentuk spasial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat sembilan risiko pada tahap preparasi (empat kategori rendah, lima sedang), sembilan risiko pada tahap integrasi (lima rendah, empat sedang), dan 21 risiko pada tahap pengujian (16 rendah, lima sedang). Pola sebaran risiko memperlihatkan adanya zona relatif aman (biru–kuning) serta zona berbahaya (oranye) yang menuntut kewaspadaan lebih tinggi. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa meskipun proses operasional roket secara umum berada dalam kategori aman, terdapat potensi bahaya signifikan yang memerlukan kontrol tambahan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam menyediakan dasar empiris untuk penyusunan SOP keselamatan, program pelatihan operator, dan pemasangan sistem peringatan di lapangan. Selain itu, hasil pemetaan risiko juga memperkuat kesiapan teknis dalam mendukung peningkatan TRL 9 dan membuka jalan bagi produksi roket R-HAN 122B secara berkelanjutan

TNI Influence Operation and Information Warfare Force; Noopolitik Perspective

The news about the Indonesian National Army’s (TNI) allocated budget for internet buzzers and the public anger about it is an intriguing phenomenon to take a look at. It shows how influence operations and information warfare (IOIW) remain a concept that the public sees as inappropriate for TNI to consider. This article aims to make sense of why TNI should consider its IOIW force. With the library research method, this article uncovers the conceptual and theoretical argument of Noopolitik and IOIW. Noopolitik allows us to rationalize that, nowadays, a country should not only consider the geosphere for its national interest but also the noosphere, the realm of hearts and minds. It is a realm that is open to other countries attacking via IOIW. Through Noosphere, one country might influence the public of another country. With that idea, this article argues that it is reasonable for TNI to procure the force for IOIW. IOIW will allow TNI to protect the Indonesian Noosphere from the attacks of its adversaries, as they might want to influence Indonesian public legitimacy and stability in a hostile way. This article may contribute to TNI making their consideration for IOIW force acceptable for the public

Aluminum Material as a Solution to Create Strong and Lightweight Combat Vehicles with Increased Efficiency from Fuel Savings

In the current era, combat vehicles are required for strong defense, extensive expedition, agile or nimble and lethal, with greater ability to conduct special operations. One of the problems in combat vehicles is their weight which makes a significant factor in their ability to achieve endurance with agility and speed. Some research shows that aluminum material is the solution to overcome the weight and durability of combat vehicles. Research shows how the determination of aluminum material in general can greatly save fuel when the mass is reduced from 0-15%. From this research, we hope to open people's minds, that the importance of specifying the material used for military vehicles by improving vehicle functions in terms of speed, strength, and fuel efficiency

Bengkulu Naval Airbase Strategic Development in Enhancing National Defense

The development of Bengkulu Naval Airbase is a strategic initiative to enhance Indonesia's maritime defense capabilities, but various barriers have hindered its implementation. This study investigates the obstacles and supporting factors and provides actionable recommendations for its realization. This research uses the Suhirwan Quasy Qualitative methodological procedure comprising 13 distinct steps. In the initial phase, theoretical frameworks are utilized to construct structured interview guidelines for data collection. During the final phase, the same theoretical foundations serve to validate and confirm research findings derived from empirical data. The methodology combines theory and evidence through a two-phase approach: first as a design framework, then as an analytical validation tool. Data was collected through structured interviews and documentary studies from Navy officials, the Governor of Bengkulu, and stakeholders. The analysis uses triangulation to cross-check findings from multiple data sources and perspectives, ensuring rigor and validity. The findings emphasize the importance of leadership commitment, especially from the Bengkulu Governor, and effective coordination with the Ministry of Transportation. The study shows that developing the Bengkulu Naval Airbase is vital not only for maritime defense but also for boosting the local economy and community development. To address implementation challenges, the study recommends formalizing inter-agency coordination, optimizing resource distribution based on performance, and strengthening leadership support through accountability and training, all tailored to the military airbase context and informed by theory and practice. By addressing these factors, the Indonesian Navy can effectively develop the Bengkulu naval airbase, supporting broader national security goals