PESTEL ANALYSIS OF CHINESE MARITIME SILK ROAD TO INDONESIA IN REALIZING THE GLOBAL MARITIME FULCRUM

This research focuses on the relationship between Indonesia and China according to the policies of the Global Maritim Fulcrum (GMF) and China's Belt and Road Initiative through the Maritime Silk Road (MSR). BRI is China's step in realizing its dream called the Chinese Dream, is considered to be able to threaten Indonesia's sovereignty from political, economic, social to technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL). However, it is not only considered threatening, China's presence with its MSR program is considered to be a chance for Indonesia in realizing GMF. The various views on the perceived threats and benefits make researchers interested in discussing them from the PESTEL analysis level. This research uses PEST analysis theory, geopolitical theory, and defense management theory. This research uses a qualitative research method described by the PESTES approach. This research shows that the presence of China through MSR for Indonesia from the perspective of PESTEL raises various perceptions of benefits that can be felt by Indonesia. The perceived threat allows Indonesia to be hegemonized by China with the debt trap falling in the cooperation between the two countries in the proportion of GMF – MSR.

FKBN (State Defense Cadre Forum) Lampung's Obstacles in Increasing State Defense Awareness: A Sociological Study of Social Agents and Civil-Military Cooperation

This study aims to examine the sociological aspects of the State Defense Cadre Forum (FKBN), as a social agent in increasing awareness of State Defense and the obstacles faced. FKBN is a partner of the Ministry of Defense which was formed on the basis of national resource management, in this case Human Resources (HR). However, so far the role of FKBN in increasing awareness of state defense and management of national resources (SDN) in areas such as Lampung, is still stagnant, weak and tends to be unable to provide the expected results. Lampung is a heterogeneous area as a result of migration, so it is very important to instill awareness of State Defense. The Sociological aspects of Defense, namely Human, Culture, social structure and Defense have not been fully seen in the formation of FKBN. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction, data display and data verification.The results of the study indicate that FKBN has not provided a significant impact on increasing awareness of national defense, there is no innovation, recruitment of cadres that does not pay attention to the quality of human resources. The main problem is the inability of the forum to be a symbol and agent for the social structure, in addition to the problem of lack of budget, activity permits and relatively elderly members because young people are not interested in joining this forum. The community is also still influenced by the binary opposition mindset (civilian vs. military), namely considering national defense as a military matter not a civilian matter, considering national defense as part of the military hegemony over civilians, still seeing threats to the state as a military matter.

OPTIMIZATION OF PROPERTY MANAGEMENT MEDIUM TANK HARIMAU PRODUCED BY PT. PINDAD THROUGH INCREASING DOMESTIC CONTENT LEVEL (TKDN)

Kendaraan tempur Tank adalah properti yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan strategis untuk menjaga kedaulatan negara Indonesia, namun hingga saat ini menghadapi kendala TKDN (Tingkat Kandungan Dalam Negeri) yang rendah sehingga Indonesia memiliki ketergantungan alpalhankam yang tinggi terhadap negara lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai TKDN Medium Tank Harimau dan merupakan bagian Manajemen properti agar lebih optimal secara ekonomi dan pertahanan. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif, berupa studi kasus Medium Tank di PT. Pindad. Data-data diambil dengan metoda inspeksi, micro identification di PT. Pindad serta wawancara dengan 21 nara sumber yang dianggap dapat mewakili pemangku kepentingan, yakni PT. Pindad sebagai produsen, beberapa industri pendukung, pengguna dan regulator dalam hal ini kementerian perindustrian dan kementerian pertahanan dan KKIP (Komite Kebijakan Industri Pertahanan). Data yang diperoleh dari wawancara selanjutnya di oleh dengan NVivo untuk menstrukturkan temuan. Hasil penelitian ini menyampaikan tiga point untuk mengoptimalisasi nilai Medium Tank Harimau melalui kenaikan TKDN. Pertama, melakukan riview aturan cara menghitung TKDN khusus alpalhankam, Cara menghitung TKDN dilakukan yang saat ini hanya bersifat cost based harus dikombinasikan dengan process based, serta diikuti dengan aturan pelaksanaan khusus untuk produk alpalhankam. Kedua, upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk meningkatakan TKDN Medium Tank Harimau, yang meliputi: kebijakan pemerintah, komitmen, membangun ekosistem, dn substitusi komponen subkomponen. Ketiga, penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi industri komponen dan subkomponen substitusi impor apa saja yang dapat dikembangkan baik secara intensifikasi pada industri yang sudah ada maupun ekstensifikasi dengan membentuk industri baru untuk mendorong terbentuknya ekosistem industri yang dapat mendukung peningkatan TKDN

Threats, Dynamics, Nationalism And Strategies: A Study of Indonesian Border in West Kalimantan

This article reviews border issues related to threats, dynamics, problems, and nationalism of the Indonesian people living on the border of West Kalimantan. The dynamics and complex problems on the Indonesia-Malaysia border have created various conflicts and struggles for citizenship in both countries. In addition, kinship in the two countries has a different impact on nationalism, as people on the border in the PLBN zone are more controllable from a socio-economic point of view. Meanwhile, people living in non-PLBN zones tend to have many problems, such as poor welfare and infrastructure development. As a result, the Indonesian people, bordered by the Non-PLBN zone, seem to prefer a country that provides welfare. This study uses the civic engagement and securitization theory to analyze how these issues occur in the Indonesian-Malaysian border community. This study shows a critical review of the picture related to threats, dynamics, nationalism, and strategies of local communities at the border. In the case study, issues concerning the dynamics of local border residents in Indonesia are themes that deserve more attention from various parties, from academics to practitioners. Therefore, with empirical evidence from this study, it is hoped that researchers, academics, practitioners, and politicians will be able to respond wisely to cross-border dynamic

Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts Through Flood Hazard and Resilience Assessment in the Coastal Area of Pasuruan, East Java

Coastal areas play a strategic role in the economy, ecosystem habitats, and areas with high socio-cultural value. However , coastal areas also face serious dangers from natural disasters, such as floods. Flood events often disrupt community activities, make roads impassable, displace residents, damage infrastructure, and negatively impact the social and economic well-being of communities, property losses and, in severe cases, loss of life . Addressing these issues requires effective strategies for coastal area management. This paper presents an analysis of the level of hazard and resilience of coastal areas to flood hazards . This study was conducted in the coastal area of Pasuruan, which frequently experiences seasonal flooding. The indicators used to analyze flood hazard and regional resilience are based on regulations established by relevant authorities and findings from previous related studies. Several parameters were measured, including flood inundation height , frequency of occurrence , and rainfall intensity (both high and low). Meanwhile, regional resilience was assessed using several indicators, including disaster risk management (DRM) policies and institutions , preparation of disaster risk assessments and documentation , development of early warning systems , mitigation efforts , and disaster education programs. The results revealed that flood hazard in the Pasuruan coastal area ranges from moderate to high , with four areas classified as high risk and three as moderate. Conversely, the resilience level of all areas is categorized as moderate. Furthermore, the findings of this study are expected to be taken into consideration in policymaking for coastal area management, particularly in reducing flood disaster risk

STRATEGI BADAN RESTORASI GAMBUT DAN MANGROVE (BRGM) DALAM MITIGASI KONFLIK SOSIO-AGRARIA DI INDONESIA

Penelitian ini membahas Strategi Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM) Indonesia melakukan mitigasi konflik sosio-agraria di Indonesia dalam pelaksanaan. Konflik agraria merupakan konflik dengan menitikberatkan pada penguasaan dan pengelolaan agraria meliputi diantaranya air, tanah dan udara. Pengelolaan dan penguasaan agraria sebagai wewenang negara guna kepentingan masyarakat seringkali menjadi pembahasan dalam konflik agraria dan dapat berdampak yang signifikan terhadap stabilitas sosial sehingga diperlukan memerlukan pendekatan holistik yang mempertimbangkan kepentingan dan keadilan bagi semua pihak terlibat. Melalui metoda kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika konflik dalam pelaksanaan restorasi gambut, strategi Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM) Indonesia melakukan mitigasi konflik, dan tantangan Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM) Indonesia dalam mitigasi konflik. Melalui pemaparan dan wawancara dengan Kepala Kelompok Kerja dan Kemitraan Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM) Indonesia, triangulasi data dilakukan dengan data sekunder dari literatur dan internet. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM) Indonesia telah melakukan mitigasi konflik berupa Pedoman pengaman sosial / social safe guards. Badan Restorasi Gambut dan Mangrove (BRGM) Indonesia menghadapi tantangan terkait keberadaan lahan atau tanah yang tidak jelas kepemilikannya; persepsi buruk masyarakat tentang mangrove. Sehingga interagency atau koordinasi yang aktif para pihak disarankan agar dalam upaya kelancaran restorasi gambut dan rehabilitasi mangrove di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Strategi, BRGM, Mitigasi Konflik, interagens

Anopheles Mosquito Gene Editing with CRISPR/Cas9 to Prevent Malaria as an Effort to Help Military Peacekeeping Operations

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, has a significant global impact, especially in endemic areas where military and peacekeeping forces operate. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology provides hope for reducing the spread of this disease. The focus of this research is on genetic modification of Anopheles mosquitoes by evaluating the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in preventing malaria transmission in military personnel involved in peace operations. The Anopheles study demonstrated success in mediated knockout of the FREP1 gene, resulting in a reduction in the prevalence of Plasmodium infected mosquitoes. The use of CRISPR techniques provided efficient results with positive impacts on genetic modification, but also demonstrated negative impacts on mosquito fitness, including reduced fecundity and slower pre-adult development. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to A. gambiae mosquitoes showed a reduction in Plasmodium infection intensity, but with impacts such as lower blood feeding propensity, reduced fecundity, and decreased longevity. Ethical implications need to be considered, including impacts on biodiversity and environmental safety. In implementing CRISPR/Cas9, it is necessary to consider public participation and acceptance, as well as capacity building for fair decisions to effectively address malaria

Work Environment and Job Satisfaction of Soldiers with Psychological Well-being as a Moderator

Indonesian military personnel serve as the front line in safeguarding national sovereignty and often face high job pressure and challenging work environments. These conditions can lead to stress, job dissatisfaction, and even disciplinary violations. A decrease in job satisfaction can significantly impact soldier loyalty and performance. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing job satisfaction is essential. This study aims to examine the relationship between work environment and job satisfaction and explore the moderating role of psychological well-being among soldiers of the 3rd Armed Battalion/Naga Pakca. The research utilized a quantitative correlational method, involving 177 enlisted and non-commissioned officers from the 3rd Armed Battalion/Naga Pakca. Data were gathered using three self-report scales: the work environment scale based on Soetjipto’s theory, developed into a work environment scale by Panggabean and Satwika (2024); the Job Satisfaction Scale – Luthans, adapted by Irmadani and Izzati (2024); and the Psychological Well-Being Scale – Ryff, adapted by Rijki and Kuncoro (2024). All instruments were tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was performed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with interaction testing. The findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between work environment and job satisfaction (r = 0.707; p 0.05). Additionally, psychological well-being was found to significantly moderate this relationship (p = 0.000), contributing 75.4% to the overall model (R²). This indicates that psychological well-being strengthens the impact of a conducive work environment on job satisfaction. In conclusion, psychological well-being plays a critical role in enhancing the positive influence of the work environment on job satisfaction among military personnel. Therefore, military institutions should prioritize supportive work environments and programs that promote mental well-being to improve soldiers' satisfaction and performance over the long term

Optimization of Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Environmentally Friendly TNI Rations Packaging Formulation Based on Polysaccharides

Conventional plastic waste is difficult to decompose and has the potential to leave traces in the TNI field of operations. This condition has encouraged the development of polysaccharide-based bioplastics as a safe, environmentally friendly, and easily degradable alternative for ration packaging. This study aims to optimize the concentration of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a filler in the formulation of polysaccharide bioplastics for TNI ration packaging. The method used was a literature review on the effect of CMC addition on the physical and mechanical properties of bioplastic films. The results of the study showed that the addition of CMC generally increased tensile strength and water absorption, but also accelerated dissolution and the rate of biodegradation. The optimum concentration varied depending on the type of polymer used. Therefore, the selection of CMC concentration must be adjusted to the application objective, whether to increase mechanical strength or accelerate biodegradation, and needs to be validated through mechanical and degradation tests under real conditions. Compliance with bioplastic quality standards and the use of safe additives are highly recommended for application in TNI ration packaging

PERAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN BELA NEGARA GENERASI Z

Penelitian ini membahas peran media sosial dalam meningkatkan kesadaran bela negara di kalangan Generasi Z, yang merupakan kelompok usia yang tumbuh di era digital. Permasalahan ini didasari oleh pentingnya memahami bagaimana media sosial dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyebarkan nilai-nilai kebangsaan, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi dalam proses ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran media sosial dalam meningkatkan kesadaran bela negara Generasi Z dan untuk mengetahui tantangan yang dihadapi serta solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, yang melibatkan analisis berbagai sumber literatur terkait media sosial, kesadaran bela negara, dan Generasi Z. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media sosial memiliki potensi besar untuk menyebarluaskan informasi tentang nilai-nilai kebangsaan, tetapi terdapat tantangan yang signifikan, seperti disinformasi, polarisasi pandangan, dan perilaku trolling. Selain itu, banyaknya pilihan platform dan sifat konten yang sementara juga menjadi kendala dalam membangun kesadaran. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, disarankan untuk meningkatkan literasi media, berkolaborasi dengan influencer, dan mengembangkan konten edukasi yang menarik. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang bagaimana media sosial dapat digunakan secara efektif untuk meningkatkan kesadaran bela negara di kalangan Generasi Z, serta pentingnya strategi yang terencana dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang ada. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam pengembangan program-program yang bertujuan membangun kesadaran bela negara di era digital